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Bianchi L, Fiorentini S, Gianella S, Gianotti S, Iadanza C, Asadi S, Saccomandi P. Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Porcine and Bovine Kidney Tissues at Supraphysiological Temperatures up to 93 °C. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6865. [PMID: 37571648 PMCID: PMC10422510 DOI: 10.3390/s23156865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This experimental study aimed to characterize the thermal properties of ex vivo porcine and bovine kidney tissues in steady-state heat transfer conditions in a wider thermal interval (23.2-92.8 °C) compared to previous investigations limited to 45 °C. Thermal properties, namely thermal conductivity (k) and thermal diffusivity (α), were measured in a temperature-controlled environment using a dual-needle probe connected to a commercial thermal property analyzer, using the transient hot-wire technique. The estimation of measurement uncertainty was performed along with the assessment of regression models describing the trend of measured quantities as a function of temperature to be used in simulations involving heat transfer in kidney tissue. A direct comparison of the thermal properties of the same tissue from two different species, i.e., porcine and bovine kidney tissues, with the same experimental transient hot-wire technique, was conducted to provide indications on the possible inter-species variabilities of k and α at different selected temperatures. Exponential fitting curves were selected to interpolate the measured values for both porcine and bovine kidney tissues, for both k and α. The results show that the k and α values of the tissues remained rather constant from room temperature up to the onset of water evaporation, and a more marked increase was observed afterward. Indeed, at the highest investigated temperatures, i.e., 90.0-92.8 °C, the average k values were subject to 1.2- and 1.3-fold increases, compared to their nominal values at room temperature, in porcine and bovine kidney tissue, respectively. Moreover, at 90.0-92.8 °C, 1.4- and 1.2-fold increases in the average values of α, compared to baseline values, were observed for porcine and bovine kidney tissue, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the thermal properties of porcine and bovine kidney tissues at the same selected tissue temperatures despite their anatomical and structural differences. The provided quantitative values and best-fit regression models can be used to enhance the accuracy of the prediction capability of numerical models of thermal therapies. Furthermore, this study may provide insights into the refinement of protocols for the realization of tissue-mimicking phantoms and the choice of tissue models for bioheat transfer studies in experimental laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (S.F.); (S.G.); (S.G.); (C.I.); (S.A.)
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Duh M, Skok K, Perc M, Markota A, Gosak M. Computational modeling of targeted temperature management in post-cardiac arrest patients. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:1407-1424. [PMID: 35763192 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our core body temperature is held around [Formula: see text]C by an effective internal thermoregulatory system. However, various clinical scenarios have a more favorable outcome under external temperature regulation. Therapeutic hypothermia, for example, was found beneficial for the outcome of resuscitated cardiac arrest patients due to its protection against cerebral ischemia. Nonetheless, practice shows that outcomes of targeted temperature management vary considerably in dependence on individual tissue damage levels and differences in therapeutic strategies and protocols. Here, we address these differences in detail by means of computational modeling. We develop a multi-segment and multi-node thermoregulatory model that takes into account details related to specific post-cardiac arrest-related conditions, such as thermal imbalances due to sedation and anesthesia, increased metabolic rates induced by inflammatory processes, and various external cooling techniques. In our simulations, we track the evolution of the body temperature in patients subjected to post-resuscitation care, with particular emphasis on temperature regulation via an esophageal heat transfer device, on the examination of the alternative gastric cooling with ice slurry, and on how anesthesia and the level of inflammatory response influence thermal behavior. Our research provides a better understanding of the heat transfer processes and therapies used in post-cardiac arrest patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Duh
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Kristijan Skok
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz II, Location West, Göstinger Straße 22, 8020, Graz, Austria
| | - Matjaž Perc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404332, Taiwan.,Alma Mater Europaea, Slovenska ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädterstraße 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrej Markota
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gosak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Bianchi L, Cavarzan F, Ciampitti L, Cremonesi M, Grilli F, Saccomandi P. Thermophysical and mechanical properties of biological tissues as a function of temperature: a systematic literature review. Int J Hyperthermia 2022; 39:297-340. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2028908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Cavarzan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Ciampitti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cremonesi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Grilli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Algarawi M, Erkol H, Luk A, Ha S, Unlu MB, Gulsen G, Nouizi F. Multi-Wavelength Photo-Magnetic Imaging System for Photothermal Therapy Guidance. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:713-721. [PMID: 33169857 PMCID: PMC8107183 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In photothermal therapy, cancerous tissue is treated by the heat generated from absorbed light energy. For effective photothermal therapy, the parameters affecting the induced temperature should be determined before the treatment by modeling the increase in temperature via numerical simulations. However, accurate simulations can only be achieved when utilizing the accurate optical, thermal, and physiological properties of the treated tissue. Here, we propose a multi-wavelength photo-magnetic imaging (PMI) technique that provides quantitative and spatially resolved tissue optical absorption maps at any wavelength within the near-infrared (NIR) window to assist accurate photothermal therapy planning. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted using our recently developed multi-wavelength PMI system, which operates at four laser wavelengths (760, 808, 860, and 980 nm). An agar tissue-simulating phantom containing water, lipid, and ink was illuminated using these wavelengths, and the slight internal laser-induced temperature rise was measured using magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT). The phantom optical absorption was recovered at the used wavelengths using our dedicated PMI image reconstruction algorithm. These absorption maps were then used to resolve the concentration of the tissue chromophores, and thus deduce its optical absorption spectrum in the NIR region based on the Beer-Lambert law. RESULTS The optical absorption of the phantom was successfully recovered at the used four wavelengths with an average error of ~1.9%. The recovered absorption coefficient was then used to simulate temperature variations inside the phantom. A comparison between the modeled temperature maps and the MRT measured ones showed that these maps are in a good agreement with an average pseudo R2 statistic of 0.992. These absorption values were used to successfully recover the concentration of the used chromophores. Finally, these concentrations are used to accurately calculate the total absorption spectrum of the phantom in the NIR spectral window with an average error as low as ~2.3%. CONCLUSIONS Multi-wavelength PMI demonstrated a great ability to assess the distribution of tissue chromophores, thus providing its total absorption at any wavelength within the NIR spectral range. Therefore, applications of photothermal therapy applied at NIR wavelengths can benefit from the absorption spectrum recovered by PMI to determine important parameters such as laser power as well as the laser exposure time needed to attain a specific increase in temperature prior to treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:00-00, 2020. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Algarawi
- Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Hakan Erkol
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Alex Luk
- Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Seunghoon Ha
- Philips Healthcare, Pewaukee, Wisconsin 53072, USA
| | | | - Gultekin Gulsen
- Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Farouk Nouizi
- Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Skok K, Duh M, Stožer A, Markota A, Gosak M. Thermoregulation: A journey from physiology to computational models and the intensive care unit. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 13:e1513. [PMID: 33251759 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermoregulation plays a vital role in homeostasis. Many species of animals as well as humans have evolved various physiological mechanisms for body temperature control, which are characteristically flexible and enable a fine-tuned spatial and temporal regulation of body temperature in different environmental conditions and circumstances. Human beings normally maintain a core body temperature at around 37°C, and maintenance of this relatively high temperature is critical for survival. Therefore, principles of thermoregulatory control have also important clinical implications. Infections can cause the body temperature to rise internally and several diseases can cause a dysfunction of thermoregulatory mechanisms. Moreover, the utilization of thermotherapies in treating various diseases has been known for thousands of years with a recent resurgence of interest. An increasing amount of research suggests that targeted temperature management is of paramount importance to patient outcomes in certain clinical scenarios. We provide a concise summary of the basic concepts of thermoregulation. Emphasis is given to the principles of thermoregulation in humans in basic pathological states and to targeted temperature management strategies in the clinical environment, with special attention on therapeutic hypothermia in postcardiac arrest patients. Finally, the discussion is focused on the potential offered by computational thermophysiological models for predicting thermal responses of patients in various clinical circumstances, for proposing new perspectives in the design of novel thermal therapies, and to optimize targeted temperature management strategies. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Cardiovascular Diseases>Computational Models Cardiovascular Diseases > Cardiovascular Diseases>Environmental Factors Cardiovascular Diseases > Cardiovascular Diseases>Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristijan Skok
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz II, Location West, Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Duh
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koros̆ka cesta, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Markota
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gosak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koros̆ka cesta, Maribor, Slovenia
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Singh S, Melnik R. Coupled thermo-electro-mechanical models for thermal ablation of biological tissues and heat relaxation time effects. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:245008. [PMID: 31600740 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab4cc5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermal ablation is a widely applied electrosurgical process in medical treatment of soft biological tissues. Numerical modeling and simulations play an important role in prediction of temperature distribution and damage volume during the treatment planning stage of associated therapies. In this contribution we report a coupled thermo-electro-mechanical model, accounting for heat relaxation time, for more accurate and precise prediction of the temperature distribution, tissue deformation and damage volume during the thermal ablation of biological tissues. Finite element solutions are obtained for most widely used percutaneous thermal ablative techniques, viz., radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA). Importantly, both tissue expansion and shrinkage have been considered for modeling the tissue deformation in the coupled model of high temperature thermal ablation. The coupled model takes into account the non-Fourier effects, considering both single-phase-lag (SPL) and dual-phase-lag (DPL) models of bio-heat transfer. The temperature-dependent electrical and thermal parameters, damage-dependent blood perfusion rate and phase change effect accounting for tissue vaporization have been accounted for obtaining more clinically relevant model. The proposed model predictions are found to be in good agreement against the temperature distribution and damage volume reported by previous experimental studies. The numerical simulation results revealed that the non-Fourier effects cause a decrease in the predicted temperature distribution, tissue deformation and damage volume during the high temperature thermal ablative procedures. Furthermore, the effects of different magnitudes of phase lags of the heat flux and temperature gradient on the predicted treatment outcomes of the considered thermal ablative modalities are also quantified and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Singh
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Lopresto V, Argentieri A, Pinto R, Cavagnaro M. Temperature dependence of thermal properties of ex vivo liver tissue up to ablative temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:105016. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhao J, Zhao Q, Jiang Y, Li W, Yang Y, Qian Z, Liu J. Feasibility study of modeling liver thermal damage using minimally invasive optical method adequate for in situ measurement. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700302. [PMID: 29316303 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver thermal ablation techniques have been widely used for the treatment of liver cancer. Kinetic model of damage propagation play an important role for ablation prediction and real-time efficacy assessment. However, practical methods for modeling liver thermal damage are rare. A minimally invasive optical method especially adequate for in situ liver thermal damage modeling is introduced in this paper. Porcine liver tissue was heated by water bath under different temperatures. During thermal treatment, diffuse reflectance spectrum of liver was measured by optical fiber and used to deduce reduced scattering coefficient (μ's ). Arrhenius parameters were obtained through non-isothermal heating approach with damage marker of μ's . Activation energy (Ea ) and frequency factor (A) was deduced from these experiments. A pair of averaged value is 1.200 × 105 J mol-1 and 4.016 × 1017 s-1 . The results were verified for their reasonableness and practicality. Therefore, it is feasible to modeling liver thermal damage based on minimally invasive measurement of optical property and in situ kinetic analysis of damage progress with Arrhenius model. These parameters and this method are beneficial for preoperative planning and real-time efficacy assessment of liver ablation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingxu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yamin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kouloulias V, Karanasiou I, Giamalaki M, Matsopoulos G, Kouvaris J, Kelekis N, Uzunoglu N. Theoretical analysis, design and development of a 27-MHz folded loop antenna as a potential applicator in hyperthermia treatment. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:23-32. [PMID: 25578580 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.981873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A hyperthermia system using a folded loop antenna applicator at 27 MHz for soft tissue treatment was investigated both theoretically and experimentally to evaluate its clinical value. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electromagnetic analysis of a 27-MHz folded loop antenna for use in human tissue was based on a customised software tool and led to the design and development of the proposed hyperthermia system. The system was experimentally validated using specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution estimations through temperature distribution measurements of a muscle tissue phantom after electromagnetic exposure. Various scenarios for optimal antenna positioning were also performed. RESULTS Comparison of the theoretical and experimental analysis results shows satisfactory agreement. The SAR level of 50% reaches 8 cm depth in the tissue phantom. Thus, based on the maximum observed SAR values that were of the order of 100 W/kg, the antenna specified is suitable for deep tumour heating. CONCLUSIONS Theoretical and experimental SAR distribution results as derived from this study are in agreement. The proposed folded loop antenna seems appropriate for use in hyperthermia treatment, achieving proper planning and local treatment of deeply seated affected areas and lesions.
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Lopresto V, Pinto R, Cavagnaro M. Experimental characterisation of the thermal lesion induced by microwave ablation. Int J Hyperthermia 2014; 30:110-8. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.879744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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