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Pop MM, Bouros D, Klimko A, Pop LA, Topal P, Topal A, Florian IS. Tumor-Like Lesions in the Craniovertebral Junction: A Case Series, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2788. [PMID: 39199561 PMCID: PMC11352424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor-like lesions at the craniovertebral junction mimic tumors in clinical presentation and imaging. Our study focuses on three common developmental pathologies-epidermoids, dermoids and neurenteric cysts. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a case series and a meta-analysis of 170 patients from 119 reports. Results: Neurenteric cysts predominated (81.2%). Anterior cysts were linked to neurenteric cysts, while posterior ones correlated with dermoid/epidermoid cysts (p < 0.001). Complications occurred in 27.2% of cases, with cranial nerve paresis being the most common. Most patients had excellent outcomes (75.2%) with low recurrence rates (12%). Dermoid cysts were more associated with anomalies (p < 0.001). Among 138 neurenteric cyst cases, 15 experienced recurrence, with predictors including ages 51-60 and over 70, subtotal resection, complications, and poor outcomes (p < 0.001). Cysts with total resection were significantly less likely to adhere to surrounding brain tissue (p < 0.001). CSF diversion was correlated with older age (p = 0.010) and various complications (p < 0.001). Age affected outcomes, and the hydrocephalus was linked to poor outcomes (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This meta-analysis underscores the importance of total resection in minimizing recurrence rates and emphasizes meticulous preoperative planning and imaging. Our results indicate that rim enhancement (p = 0.047) and poor outcome (p = 0.007) are significant factors associated with recurrence. Additionally, associated anomalies, as well as the patient's age and overall health, significantly influence the surgical outcomes and the likelihood of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mihaela Pop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dragos Bouros
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Artsiom Klimko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Laura Ancuta Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Paula Topal
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anil Topal
- Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44000 Malatya, Turkey;
| | - Ioan Stefan Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Pop MM, Bouros D, Klimko A, Florian IA, Florian IS. Intracranial epidermoid cysts: benign entities with malignant behavior: experience with 36 cases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6474. [PMID: 37081102 PMCID: PMC10119307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial epidermoid cysts are benign slow-growing ectodermal inclusions that account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors. We retrospectively reviewed 36 such cases to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, anatomical distribution, surgical management, and treatment outcome of these tumors. Additionally, we sought to identify the relationship between median or paramedian cistern tumor localization and clinical parameters, such as recurrence risk, hospitalization duration, and postoperative complication rates. The most frequently observed neurological symptoms were transient headaches (77.8%), dizziness (36.1%), CN VII palsy (19.4%), CN VIII hearing difficulty (19.4%) and cerebellar signs (19.4%). The most common surgical approaches included retrosigmoid (36.1%), subfrontal (19.4%) and telovelar (19.4%) approaches; gross total resection was feasible in 83.3% of cases. The postoperative complication rate was 38.9%. Tumors were more frequently found in the paramedian cisterns (47.2%), followed by the median line cisterns (41.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed that postoperative hydrocephalus and age < 40 years were prognostic factors for tumor recurrence. Median-like tumor location was a risk factor for the presence of symptomatic hydrocephalus both preoperatively and postoperatively, increasing the likelihood of protracted hospitalization (> 10 days). Despite their benign histopathological nature, these tumors have an important clinical resonance, with a high rate of postoperative complications and a degree of recurrence amplified by younger age and hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mihaela Pop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Dragos Bouros
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Artsiom Klimko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioan Alexandru Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Stefan Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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Kumar S, Sahana D, Rathore L, Sahu RK, Jain A, Borde P, Tawari M, Madhariya SN. Fourth Ventricular Epidermoid Cyst - Case Series, Systematic Review and Analysis. Asian J Neurosurg 2021; 16:470-482. [PMID: 34660356 PMCID: PMC8477812 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_539_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidermoid cysts are extra-axial, pearly white avascular lesions mostly found in the cerebellopontine region. They are slow-growing and mostly become symptomatic when they attain significant size. They do occur at other anatomical locations, but fourth ventricle is a rare location. Three representative cases with their outcomes are described here. Methods: The systematic review was done with adherence to predefined criteria. The studied variables were age, gender, duration of symptoms (DOS), clinical features, hydrocephalus (HCP), extent of resection, postoperative complications, outcome, follow–up, and recurrence. Statistical analysis was done to identify predictive factors for outcome. Results: Final analysis included 58 studies containing 131 patients. The most common clinical feature was cerebellar dysfunction (93%). The most common cranial nerve involved was the abducens nerve (n = 37, 28.46%). Preoperative HCP was present in nearly a third (35%) of patients. The outcomes were not different with age (P = 0.23), gender (P = 0.74), DOS (P = 0.09), and HCP (P = 0.50). Improved outcomes were associated with total resections (P = 0.001), absence of preoperative cranial nerve dysfunctions (P = 0.004), and presentation with features of raised intracranial pressure (P = 0.005). Longer DOS (mean 76.74 months) was associated with significantly increased cranial nerve nuclei involvement (P = 0.03). Aseptic meningitis was reported in 14.5% of cases. Recurrences were infrequently reported (n = 9). Conclusions: Although the fourth ventricular epidermoid lesions are difficult to detect in an innocuous stage, when found, they should be extirpated early and totally, as a longer DOS leads to cranial nerve dysfunctions and suboptimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pt. JNM Medical College and DKS Post Graduate Institute and Research Center, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Debabrata Sahana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pt. JNM Medical College and DKS Post Graduate Institute and Research Center, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Lavlesh Rathore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pt. JNM Medical College and DKS Post Graduate Institute and Research Center, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Sahu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pt. JNM Medical College and DKS Post Graduate Institute and Research Center, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pt. JNM Medical College and DKS Post Graduate Institute and Research Center, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Praveen Borde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pt. JNM Medical College and DKS Post Graduate Institute and Research Center, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Manish Tawari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pt. JNM Medical College and DKS Post Graduate Institute and Research Center, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Jain N, Tadghare J, Patel A. Epidermoid Cyst of the Cerebellopontine Angle Presenting with Contralateral Trigeminal Neuralgia: Extremely Rare Case and Review of Literature. World Neurosurg 2019; 122:220-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Balogun JA, Adeleke NA, Salami AO, Odebode TO. Cerebellar Vermian Epidermoid Tumor: A Report of 2 Cases. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:153-157. [PMID: 29410035 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermoid tumors are rare, benign slow-growing congenital tumors, most frequently located in the cerebellopontine angle of the intracranial cavity. They usually grow to a large size before patients become symptomatic. Although these tumors are amenable to surgery, their adherence to neurovascular structures poses a surgical challenge that results in subtotal resection, thus increasing the risk of recurrence. CASE DESCRIPTION We report 2 adult patients whose imaging studies revealed epidermoid tumors located in the cerebellar vermis, an uncommon site for such tumors. The patients presented with variable symptomatology. We highlight the imaging features and challenges of surgery. Both patients had good outcomes, with resolution of symptoms and neurologic deficits. CONCLUSIONS A safe complete excision of epidermoid tumor and its capsule is possible with a good understanding of their clinical and radiologic features and a high index of suspicion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cerebellar vermian epidermoid tumors from sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Balogun
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Neurosurgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Nurudeen A Adeleke
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji O Salami
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Timothy O Odebode
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Chung LK, Beckett JS, Ong V, Lagman C, Nagasawa DT, Yang I, Kim W. Predictors of Outcomes in Fourth Ventricular Epidermoid Cysts: A Case Report and a Review of Literature. World Neurosurg 2017; 105:689-696. [PMID: 28619489 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present an illustrative case of fourth ventricular epidermoid cyst and review the literature to identify predictors of surgical outcomes. METHODS A case of fourth ventricular epidermoid cyst is presented and a systematic review of 5 popular databases was performed by independent authors. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify clinical predictors of outcomes. RESULTS A 21-year-old woman presented with 3 months of headaches and visual obscurations and was diagnosed with a multilobulated mass in the fourth ventricle. The patient underwent suboccipital craniotomy. Complete removal of the mass was achieved and the final diagnosis was consistent with an epidermoid cyst. The systematic review identified 23 studies that reported 37 patients. Mean age was 42.8 years. Mean length of time between symptom onset and diagnosis was 4.43 years. Age (P = 0.049) and duration of symptoms (P < 0.001) were significantly different between patients who experienced symptom improvement and those who did not. Duration of symptom onset to diagnosis was a significant predictor of poor outcomes (odds ratio, 1.19, 95% confidence interval, 1.003-4.785). CONCLUSIONS Our review found that in patients with fourth ventricular epidermoid cysts, unfavorable outcomes were predicted by older age and by longer intervals from symptom onset to diagnosis. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for fourth ventricular epidermoid cysts in patients presenting with cerebellar signs and visual disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrance K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joel S Beckett
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vera Ong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlito Lagman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel T Nagasawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Platt S, Hicks J, Matiasek L. Intracranial Intra-arachnoid Diverticula and Cyst-like Abnormalities of the Brain. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2015; 46:253-63. [PMID: 26704659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary intracranial cystic or cyst-like lesions include intra-arachnoid, epidermoid, dermoid, and choroid plexus cysts. Differentiation of these cystic lesions can usually be accomplished by imaging studies alone; however, some cysts are similar in appearance and require histopathology for definitive diagnosis. Clinical signs often reflect the location of the cysts within the intracranial cavity rather than the type of cyst. If clinical signs are significant and progressive, surgical removal is warranted and may be successful, although cystic contents could be harmful if allowed to contact surrounding brain parenchyma or meninges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Platt
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Jill Hicks
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lara Matiasek
- Neurology Referral Service, Tierklinik Haar, Keferloher Strasse 25, 85540 Haar, Germany
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Tong F, Jewells V, Trembath DG, Hadar E, Shin HW. Triple pathological findings in a surgically amenable patient with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR CASE REPORTS 2015; 4:52-5. [PMID: 26288757 PMCID: PMC4536300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a well-recognized cause of intractable epilepsy; however, coexistence with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is less common. Middle fossa epidermoid cysts are rare and may involve the temporal lobe. Most epidermoids are clinically silent, slow-growing, and seldom associated with overt symptomatology, including seizures. We describe a patient with multiple comorbidities including left MTS and a large epidermoid cyst involving the left quadrigeminal plate cistern compressing upon the cerebellar vermis and tail of the left hippocampus, resulting in refractory left temporal lobe epilepsy. The patient underwent left anterior temporal lobectomy. The surgical pathology demonstrated a third pathological finding of left temporal FCD type Ia. The patient has been seizure-free since the surgery. This case provides additional information with regard to the understanding of epileptogenicity and surgical planning in patients with MTS and epidermoid cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Tong
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Tel.: + 1 919 966 8162.
| | - Valerie Jewells
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dimitri G. Trembath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eldad Hadar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hae Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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