Integrating situated learning theory and neuropsychological research to facilitate patient participation and learning in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation patients

Communication between rehabilitation staff and people with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review

This systematic review aimed to synthesize barriers and facilitators in communicative interactions between staff and people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rehabilitation context. Searches captured published evidence up to November 2022 in MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL, AMED, and PsycINFO. Eligible studies reported on the communicative interaction between rehabilitation staff and adults with TBI. In total, 31 studies were included in the review; including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods designs. Quality assessment was carried out using standard checklists. Quantitative studies and quantitative components of mixed-method studies were synthesized descriptively according to reported communication barriers and facilitators. Qualitative studies and qualitative components of mixed-method studies were analysed through an inductive thematic meta-synthesis; generating six main themes with four subthemes. Themes were categorized as barriers or facilitators to communicative interaction. Findings demonstrated that cognitive-communication disorders of people with TBI challenge the communicative interaction between rehabilitation staff and people with TBI. However, the extent to which these disorders create a communicative barrier is closely related to staff's communicative approach. While staff holding a collaborative and acknowledging approach and using supportive strategies may facilitate successful communicative interactions, staff using the opposite approach may exacerbate communication barriers.

Patients, caregivers and nurses' attitudes toward patients' participation in knee and hip joint replacement pain management: a Q-methodology study

Background: Patients are often not actively involved in their acute pain management.Objectives: To understand the attitudes of patients, family caregivers and nurses to patient participation in pain management after their knee or hip joint replacement.Design: Q-methodological design.Methods: 45 participants were recruited, included 15 patients, 15 caregivers and 15 nurses. Forty-nine statements were rank-ordered in a Q-sort table.Results: Four factors which explained 65% of the variance were identified from factor analysis. They are named "Endurers", "Supporters", "Worriers" ,and "Wabblers".Conclusion: Each group have a significant knowledge deficit in pain management. Patients and caregivers were more likely to have a passive attitude and false cognition towards pain and analgesic drugs. Nurses often play a role as a supporter, however, it is hard for them to understand their important role in facilitating patient involvement in their pain management.

Cognitive Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Reference for Occupational Therapists

Nearly 1.7 million Americans sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year. These injuries can result in physical, emotional, and cognitive consequences. While many individuals receive cognitive rehabilitation from occupational therapists (OTs), the interdisciplinary nature of TBI research makes it difficult to remain up-to-date on relevant findings. We conducted a literature review to identify and summarize interdisciplinary evidence-based practice targeting cognitive rehabilitation for civilian adults with TBI. Our review summarizes TBI background, and our cognitive remediation section focuses on the findings from 37 recent (since 2006) empirical articles directly related to cognitive rehabilitation for individuals (i.e., excluding special populations such as veterans or athletes). This manuscript is offered as a tool for OTs engaged in cognitive rehabilitation and as a means to highlight arenas where more empirical, interdisciplinary research is needed.

The effects of situated learning and health knowledge involvement on health communications

BACKGROUND

Many patients use websites, blogs, or online social communities to gain health knowledge, information about disease symptoms, and disease diagnosis opinions. The purpose of this study is to use the online platform of blogs to explore whether the framing effect of information content, situated learning of information content, and health knowledge involvement would affect health communication between doctors and patients and further explore whether this would increase patient willingness to seek treatment.

METHODS

This study uses a survey to collect data from patient subjects who have used online doctor blogs or patients who have discussed medical information with doctors on blogs. The number of valid questionnaire samples is 278, and partial least square is used to conduct structural equation model analysis.

RESULTS

Research results show that situated learning and health knowledge involvement have a positive effect on health communication. The negative framing effect and health knowledge involvement would also affect the patient's intention to seek medical help. In addition, situated learning and health knowledge involvement would affect the intention to seek medical help through communication factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Blogs are important communication channels between medical personnel and patients that allow users to consult and ask questions without time limitations and enable them to obtain comprehensive health information.

Effects of video modelling on emerging speech in an adult with traumatic brain injury: preliminary findings

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE

Research has shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) can affect a person's ability to perform previously learned skills. Dysexecutive syndrome and inattention, for example, alongside a number of other cognitive and behavioural impairments such as memory loss and lack of motivation, significantly affect day-to-day functioning following TBI. This study examined the efficacy of video modelling in emerging speech in an adult male with TBI caused by an assault.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In an effort to identify functional relations between this novice intervention and the target behaviour, experimental control was achieved by using within-system research methodology, overcoming difficulties of forming groups for such an highly non-homogeneous population.

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

Across a number of conditions, the participant watched a videotape in which another adult modelled a selection of 19 spoken words. When this modelled behaviour was performed in vivo, then generalization across 76 other words in the absence of a videotape took place.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS

It was revealed that video modelling can promote the performance of previously learned behaviours related to speech, but more significantly it can facilitate the generalization of this verbal behaviour across untrained words.

CONCLUSIONS

Video modelling could well be added within the rehabilitation programmes for this population.