1
|
Jang SH, Kwon YH. Midbrain injury in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:187. [PMID: 34996928 PMCID: PMC8741789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the characteristics of midbrain injuries in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-seven patients with SAH and 25 healthy control subjects were recruited for this study. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) data were obtained for four regions of the midbrain (the anterior ventral midbrain, posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum area, and tectum) in 27 hemispheres that did not show any pathology other than SAH. The mean FA and MD values of the four regions of the midbrain (anterior ventral midbrain, posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum) of the patient group were significantly lower and higher than those of the control group, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean FA values of the patient group were significantly different among the anterior ventral midbrain, posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum regions (ANOVA; F = 3.22, p < 0.05). Post hoc testing showed that the mean FA value of the anterior ventral midbrain was significantly lower than those of the posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum (p < 0.05); in contrast, there were no differences in mean FA values of the posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum (p > 0.05). However, differences were not observed among four regions of the midbrain (anterior ventral midbrain, posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum) in the mean MD values. We detected evidence of neural injury in all four regions of the midbrain of patients with SAH, and the anterior ventral midbrain was the most severely injured among four regions of the midbrain. Our results suggest that a pathophysiological mechanism of these neural injuries might be related to the occurrence of a subarachnoid hematoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1, Daemyungdong, Namku, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyeon Kwon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1, Daemyungdong, Namku, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Calzada-Reyes A, Alvarez-Amador A, Galán-Garcia L, Valdés-Sosa M. Electroencephalographic and morphometric abnormalities in psychopath offenders. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2021; 39:597-610. [PMID: 34800344 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The main goals of the present study were to replicate and extend current knowledge related to paralimbic dysfunctions associated with psychopathy. The research evaluated the quantitative electroencephalography, current density (CD) source and synchronization likelihood analysis during the rest condition and structural magnetic resonance imaging images to compare volumetric and cortical thickness, in inmates recruited from two prisons located in Havana City. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was used as a quantitative measure of psychopathy. This study showed most beta energy and less alpha activity in male psychopath offenders. Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography signified an increase of beta activity in psychopath offender groups within paralimbic regions. The superior temporal gyrus volume was associated with the F1 factor while the fusiform, anterior cingulate and associative occipital areas were primarily associated with the F2 factor of PCL-R scale. Cortical thickness in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the temporal pole was negatively associated with PCL-R total score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Calzada-Reyes
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Mitchell Valdés-Sosa
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cho MK, Jang SH. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies on Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Related Brain Injury: A Mini-Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:283. [PMID: 32411076 PMCID: PMC7198780 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of the presence and severity of neural injury in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is important in neurorehabilitation because it is essential for establishing appropriate therapeutic strategies and developing a prognosis. Diffusion tensor imaging has a unique advantage in the identification of microstructural white matter abnormalities which are not usually detectable on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging. In this mini-review article, 12 diffusion tensor imaging studies on SAH-related brain injury were reviewed. These studies have demonstrated SAH-related brain injuries in various neural tracts or structures including the cingulum, fornix, hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal region, corticospinal tract, mamillothalamic tract, corticoreticular pathway, ascending reticular activating system, Papez circuit, optic radiation, and subcortical white matter. We believe that these reviewed studies provide information that would be helpful in science-based neurorehabilitation of patients with SAH. Furthermore, the results of these reviewed studies would also be useful for clarification of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with SAH-related brain injury. However, considering the large number of neural tracts or neural structures in the brain, more research on SAH-related brain injury in other neural tracts or structures should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyeong Cho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zaki Ghali MG, Srinivasan VM, Wagner K, Rao C, Chen SR, Johnson JN, Kan P. Cognitive Sequelae of Unruptured and Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms and their Treatment: Modalities for Neuropsychological Assessment. World Neurosurg 2018; 120:537-549. [PMID: 29966787 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive sequelae frequently follow subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and include deficits across multiple domains of executive function. This factor affects overall functional outcomes negatively, especially in younger patients. Several clinical correlates predict development and severity of cognitive dysfunction after SAH. Hypothetical mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in the absence of radiographic lesion include cerebral hypoperfusion and blood breakdown products, resulting in perturbed interneuronal communication and network synchrony, excitotoxicity, and altered microRNA expression. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for articles discussing cognitive outcomes in patients with unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysmal disease, sequelae of treatment, and modalities for neuropsychologic testing. RESULTS Treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, although capable of preventing SAH, comes with its own set of complications and may also affect cognitive function. Neuropsychological tests such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental Status Examination, and others have proved useful in evaluating cognitive decline. Studies using functional neurologic imaging modalities have identified regions with altered activation patterns during various cognitive tasks. The sum of research efforts in this field has provided useful insights and an initial understanding of cognitive dysfunction after aneurysm treatment and SAH that should prove useful in guiding and rendering future investigations more fruitful. CONCLUSIONS Development of finer and more sensitive neuropsychological tests in evaluating the different domains of cognitive function after aneurysm treatment and SAH in general will be useful in accurately determining outcomes after ictus and comparing efficacy of different therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathryn Wagner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chethan Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen R Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremiah N Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An ecological approach to the behavioral assessment of executive functions in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:283-288. [PMID: 29091830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of ecological tests to assess executive functions (EFs) in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) has not examined extensively. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the performance of patients with AN and healthy controls (HCs) on standard versus ecologically valid tests on EFs. Sixty-two females aged between 16 and 42 who were diagnosed with AN and 70 matched HCs completed 2 neuropsychological test batteries: standard tests (WCST, TMT, Stroop, ToL, fluency test) and the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS). On the standard tests, patients with AN produced more perseverative response and were slower than HCs in the TMT; in contrast, they scored as well as HCs on tasks that assessed categorization, interference in color naming, planning and semantic fluency. Conversely, there were differences in the ecological tests with patients with AN systematically slower in the resolution of complex tasks. Results demonstrated the power of ecological tests in capturing selective impairments in multifaceted and unstructured tests. Patients with AN experienced systematic deceleration in the resolution of ecological tasks. Also, the increased time needed to solve the tasks, was not reflected in overall improvement in performance. This evidence is further discussed with respect to central coherence.
Collapse
|
6
|
Stabel HH, Pedersen AR, Johnsen SP, Nielsen JF. Rupture of a non-traumatic anterior communicating artery aneurysm: Does location of aneurysm associate with functional independence following post-acute in-patient neurorehabilitation? Top Stroke Rehabil 2017; 24:585-591. [PMID: 28920549 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2017.1373973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with non-traumatic rupture of an aneurysm located at the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) often experience cognitive disabilities. It is unknown whether location of aneurysm also affects the possibility for improvement in functional independence compared to patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (a-SAH) located elsewhere. The aim was to explore the association between location of aneurysm (ACoA versus other) and level of functional independence, measured by Functional Independence Measure (FIM), at discharge from rehabilitation. Additionally, age and FIM at admission were explored. METHOD Historical cohort study among 107 patients with a-SAH based on data from a clinical database and a population-based register. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Patients with ACoA were admitted with poorer cognitive FIM (median 6 (IQR 5-14) compared to patients with aneurysms located elsewhere (median 12 (IQR 6-23) (p = 0.0129); no difference at discharge. No association between aneurysm location and functional independence was observed. Higher age was associated with poorer outcome in bowel management OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.31-0.92), bladder management OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.35-0.98), comprehension OR 0.53 (95% CI 0.30-0.94), and memory OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.25-0.93). Overall, FIM at admission was associated with functional independence at discharge with the exception of stair walking and bladder management which did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION ACoA was not associated with poorer level of functional independence compared to patients with a-SAH located elsewhere. Higher age was associated with poorer outcome in continence, comprehension, and memory, whereas higher FIM was associated with better functional independence across items at discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Holm Stabel
- a Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic , Aarhus University , Hammel , Denmark
| | - Asger Roer Pedersen
- a Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic , Aarhus University , Hammel , Denmark
| | - Søren Paaske Johnsen
- b Department of Clinical Epidemiology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen
- a Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic , Aarhus University , Hammel , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
da Costa L, Dunkley BT, Bethune A, Robertson A, Keller A, Pang EW. Increased Frontal Lobe Activation After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2016; 47:2503-10. [PMID: 27531345 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neurocognitive deficits are common among survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, even among those with good outcomes and no structural lesions. This study aims to probe the neurophysiological underpinnings of cognitive dysfunction among patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms using magnetoencephalography (MEG). METHODS Thirteen patients who had undergone uncomplicated coiling for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and 13 matched controls were enrolled. Neuropsychological tests were done before magnetoencephalography scans. Magnetoencephalography data were acquired in a 151-channel, whole-head magnetoencephalography system for resting state and 2 cognitive tasks (go-no-go and set-shifting). Mean time from treatment to test was 18.8 months. RESULTS Cognitive tasks of inhibition (go-no-go) indicated greater activation in the right anterior cingulate and inferior frontal gyrus, and cognitive set-shifting tasks (mental flexibility) indicated greater activity in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and right medial frontal gyrus among aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, with significantly different timing of activation between groups. Resting-state, beta-band connectivity of the anterior cingulate correlated negatively with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (left: r=-0.56; P<0.01 and right: r=-0.55; P<0.01): higher connectivity of this region was linked to poorer cognitive test performance. CONCLUSIONS We have shown increased activation in areas of the anterior cingulate gyrus and frontobasal regions during the execution of more demanding tasks in good grade. The degree of activation in the anterior cingulate gyrus has a negative correlation with cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) scores. These subtle differences may be related to the common neurocognitive and behavioral complaints seen in this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leodante da Costa
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C., A.B.), Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children (B.T.D., A.R.), and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children (A.K., E.W.P.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Benjamin T Dunkley
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C., A.B.), Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children (B.T.D., A.R.), and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children (A.K., E.W.P.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison Bethune
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C., A.B.), Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children (B.T.D., A.R.), and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children (A.K., E.W.P.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Robertson
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C., A.B.), Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children (B.T.D., A.R.), and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children (A.K., E.W.P.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Keller
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C., A.B.), Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children (B.T.D., A.R.), and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children (A.K., E.W.P.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C., A.B.), Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (L.d.C.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children (B.T.D., A.R.), and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children (A.K., E.W.P.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Buunk AM, Groen RJM, Veenstra WS, Spikman JM. Leisure and social participation in patients 4–10 years after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Brain Inj 2015; 29:1589-96. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1073789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
9
|
Relationship between Postural Deformities and Frontal Function in Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2015; 2015:462143. [PMID: 26351615 PMCID: PMC4550756 DOI: 10.1155/2015/462143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postural deformities and executive dysfunction (ED) are common symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the relationship between postural deformities and ED in patients with PD remains unclear. This study assessed the relationship between postural deformities and ED in patients with PD. Sixty-five patients with sporadic PD were assessed for the severity of postural deformities and executive function. The severity of postural deformities was scored using the United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale item 28 score: no postural deformity (0), mild postural deformities (1), or severe postural deformities (2-4). Executive function was assessed using the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) and an age-controlled standardized BADS score <70 was defined as ED. Age-controlled standardized BADS scores were compared across the three groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Relationship between ED and the severity of postural deformities was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Age-controlled standardized BADS score significantly differed among the three groups (P = 0.005). ED was significantly related to the severity of postural deformities (P = 0.0005). The severity of postural deformities was associated with a lower age-controlled standardized BADS score and ED, and these findings suggest that postural deformities were associated with frontal dysfunction in patients with PD.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tyburski E, Sokołowski A, Chęć M, Pełka-Wysiecka J, Samochowiec A. Neuropsychological characteristics of verbal and non-verbal fluency in schizophrenia patients. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2015; 29:33-8. [PMID: 25634872 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review paper provides analyses confirming correlation between various brain regions activity, particularly its prefrontal portions, and schizophrenia patients' performance in verbal fluency tests. Various factors modifying patients' performance in the aforementioned tasks were singled out and discussed. Systematically we have reviewed the results of non-verbal fluency tests conducted in the schizophrenic patients. The authors also summarizes findings of earlier studies stressing the role of semantic fluency as a predictor of first-episode psychosis. Verbal and non-verbal fluency tests engage complex cognitive processes and executive functions in patients. As a result, the interpretation of their results is often complicated and requires special competences. The tests are popular neuropsychological tools used for assessment of verbal memory, executive functions, visual-spatial abilities and psychomotor speed in patients with mental and neurological disorders. The aim of this paper is to discuss diagnostic tools used for measuring both types of fluency (verbal and non-verbal), test interpretation methods, as well as their usefulness in clinical diagnostics and scientific research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Tyburski
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychoprevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin
| | | | - Magdalena Chęć
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychoprevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin
| | | | - Agnieszka Samochowiec
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychoprevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin; Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin.
| |
Collapse
|