Combined application of polyacrylate scaffold and lipoic acid treatment promotes neural tissue reparation after brain injury

Combined bioscaffold with stem cells and exosomes can improve traumatic brain injury

The intricacy of the brain, along with the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) does complicate the delivery of effective therapeutics through simple intravascular injection. Hence, an effective delivery mechanism of therapeutics in the event of either traumatic brain injury (TBI) or other brain injuries is needed. Stem cells can promote regeneration and repair injury. The usage of biomaterials and exosomes in transporting stem cells to target lesion sites has been suggested as a potential option. The combination of biomaterials with modified exosomes can help in transporting stem cells to injury sites, whiles also increasing their survival and promoting effective treatment. Herein, we review the current researches pertinent to biological scaffolds and exosomes in repairing TBI and present the current progress and new direction in the clinical setting. We begin with the role of bioscaffold in treating neuronal conditions, the effect of exosomes in injury, and conclude with the improvement of TBI via the employment of combined exosomes, bioscaffold and stem cells.

Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Neuron-Like Cells In Vitro and Co-Cultured with Biological Scaffold as Transplantation Carrier

BACKGROUND Autograft and allograft transplantation are used to prompt the regeneration of axons after nerve injury. However, the poor self-regeneration caused by the glial scar and growth inhibitory factors after neuronal necrosis limit the efficacy of these methods. The purpose of this study was to develop a new chitosan porous scaffold for cell seeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and tissue-engineered biomaterial scaffold compound were constructed and co-cultured in vitro with the differentiated BMSCs of Wistar rats and chitosan scaffold in a 3D environment. The purity of the third-generation BMSCs culture was identified using flow cytometry and assessment of induced neuronal differentiation. The scaffolds were prepared by the freeze-drying method. The internal structure of scaffolds and the change of cells' growth and morphology were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The proliferation of cells was detected with the MTT method. RESULTS On day 5 there was a significant difference in the absorbance value of the experimental group (0.549±0.0256) and the control group (0.487±0.0357) (P>0.05); but on day 7 there was no significant difference in the proliferation of the experimental group (0.751±0.011) and the control group and (0.78±0.017) (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tissue engineering technology can provide a carrier for cells seeding and is expected to become an effective method for the regeneration and repair of nerve cells. Our study showed that chitosan porous scaffolds can be used for such purposes.