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Taler K, Zatari N, Lone MI, Rotem-Bamberger S, Inbal A. Identification of Small Molecules for Prevention of Lens Epithelium-Derived Cataract Using Zebrafish. Cells 2023; 12:2540. [PMID: 37947618 PMCID: PMC10650733 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It can be treated by surgery, whereby the damaged crystalline lens is replaced by a synthetic lens. Although cataract surgery is highly effective, a relatively common complication named posterior capsular opacification (PCO) leads to secondary loss of vision. PCO is caused by abnormal proliferation and migration of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) that were not removed during the surgery, which results in interruption to the passage of light. Despite technical improvements to the surgery, this complication has not been eradicated. Efforts are being made to identify drugs that can be applied post-surgery, to inhibit PCO development. Towards the goal of identifying such drugs, we used zebrafish embryos homozygous for a mutation in plod3 that develop a lens phenotype with characteristics of PCO. Using both biased and unbiased approaches, we identified small molecules that can block the lens phenotype of the mutants. Our findings confirm the relevance of zebrafish plod3 mutants' lens phenotype as a model for lens epithelium-derived cataract and add to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of this pathology. This understanding should help in the development of strategies for PCO prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adi Inbal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research—Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel; (K.T.); (N.Z.); (M.I.L.); (S.R.-B.)
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2
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Hillenmayer A, Wertheimer CM, Geerlof A, Eibl KH, Priglinger S, Priglinger C, Ohlmann A. Galectin-1 and -3 in high amounts inhibit angiogenic properties of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265805. [PMID: 35320287 PMCID: PMC8942239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Galectin-1 and -3 are β-galactoside binding lectins with varying effects on angiogenesis and apoptosis. Since in retinal pigment epithelial cells high amounts of human recombinant galectin (hr-GAL)1 and 3 inhibit cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, we investigated if hr-GAL1 and 3 have homologous effects on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC) in vitro. Methods To investigate the effect of galectin-1 and -3 on HRMEC, proliferation, apoptosis and viability were analyzed after incubation with 30, 60 and 120 μg/ml hr-GAL1 or 3 by BrdU-ELISA, histone-DNA complex ELISA, live/dead staining and the WST-1 assay, respectively. Further on, a cell adhesion as well as tube formation assay were performed on galectin-treated HRMEC. Migration was investigated by the scratch migration assay and time-lapse microscopy. In addition, immunohistochemical staining on HRMEC for β-catenin, galectin-1 and -3 were performed and β-catenin expression was investigated by western blot analysis. Results Incubation with hr-GAL1 or 3 lead to a decrease in proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of HRMEC compared to the untreated controls. No toxic effects of hr-GAL1 and 3 on HRMEC were detected. Intriguingly, after treatment of HRMEC with hr-GAL1 or 3, an activation of the proangiogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was observed. However, incubation of HRMEC with hr-GAL1 or 3 drew intracellular galectin-1 and -3 out of the cells, respectively. Conclusion Exogenously added hr-GAL1 or 3 inhibit angiogenic properties of HRMEC in vitro, an effect that might be mediated via a loss of intracellular endogenous galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hillenmayer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian M. Wertheimer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten H. Eibl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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3
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Sugiyama Y, Nakazawa Y, Sakagami T, Kawata S, Nagai N, Yamamoto N, Funakoshi-Tago M, Tamura H. Capsaicin attenuates TGFβ2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in lens epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108840. [PMID: 34798144 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO), the most common complication of cataract surgery occurring in 20-50% of patients after 2-5 years of cataract surgery, is a major problem in the aging society. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells after cataract surgery has been proposed as a major cause of PCO. Capsaicin, widely used as a food additive and analgesic agent, is a major pungent ingredient in red pepper. Although the effect of capsaicin on EMT has been reported in cancer cells, the biological reaction of capsaicin was unique in each cell type, and there have been no reports describing its effects on EMT earlier. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with capsaicin inhibited TGFβ2-induced EMT in vitro lens epithelial cells and ex vivo explant lens epithelial cells. Furthermore, eye drops of capsaicin inhibited the PCO model mice in vivo. Finally, we showed that capsaicin inhibited non-canonically induced Smad2/3 activation via suppression of EGFR activation and ERK phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that capsaicin and its derivatives are good candidate compounds for preventing PCO after cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara Kawata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Japan
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4
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Konopińska J, Młynarczyk M, Dmuchowska DA, Obuchowska I. Posterior Capsule Opacification: A Review of Experimental Studies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132847. [PMID: 34199147 PMCID: PMC8269180 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of cataract surgery. It causes a gradual deterioration of visual acuity, which would otherwise improve after a successful procedure. Despite recent advances in ophthalmology, this complication has not been eradicated, and the incidence of PCO can be as high as 10%. This article reviews the literature concerning the pathomechanism of PCO and examines the biochemical pathways involved in its formation and methods to prevent this complication. We also review the reported tests performed in cell cultures under laboratory conditions and in experimental animal models and in ex vivo human lens capsules. Finally, we describe research involving human eyes in the clinical setting and pharmacological methods that may reduce the frequency of PCO. Due to the multifactorial etiology of PCO, in vitro studies make it possible to assess the factors contributing to its complications and search for new therapeutic targets. Not all pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration, and contraction of the lens capsule are reproducible in laboratory conditions; moreover, PCO in humans and laboratory animals may be additionally stimulated by various degrees of postoperative reactions depending on the course of surgery. Therefore, further studies are necessary.
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5
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Yang R, Li X, Mei J, Wan W, Huang X, Yang Q, Wei X. Protective effect of syringic acid via restoring cells biomechanics and organelle structure in human lens epithelial cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:275-284. [PMID: 33704647 PMCID: PMC8124055 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that syringic acid (SA) extracted from D. aurantiacum var. denneanum (kerr) may be used to prevent diabetic cataract (DC). However, the underlying mechanisms through which SA prevents DC in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) remained unclear. In the present study, we employed single-molecule optics technologies, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and Raman spectroscopy, to monitor the effect of SA on HLECs biomechanics and organelle structure in real-time. TEM suggested that SA improved the ultrastructure of HLECs with regard to nuclear chromatin condensation and reducing mitochondrial swelling and degeneration, which may aid in the maintenance of HLECs integrity in the presence of glucose. AFM revealed a reduced surface roughness and stiffness following SA treatment, suggesting an improved viscoelasticity of HELCs. Raman spectrometry and LSCM further revealed that these changes were related to a modification of cell liquidity and cytoskeletal structure by SA. Taken together, these results provide insights into the effects of SA on the biomechanics of HLECs and further strengthen the evidence for its potential use as a novel therapeutic strategy for DC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Mei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wencheng Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinduo Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiaohong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Liu S, Hu C, Luo Y, Yao K. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles may reveal new possible epigenetic pathogenesis of sporadic congenital cataract. Epigenomics 2020; 12:771-788. [PMID: 32516005 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the possible epigenetic pathogenesis of sporadic congenital cataract. Materials & methods: We conducted whole genome bisulfite sequencing on peripheral blood from sporadic binocular or monocular congenital cataract patients and cataract-free participants. Results: We found massive differentially methylated regions within the whole genomes between any two groups. Meanwhile, we identified five genes (ACTN4, ACTG1, TUBA1A, TUBA1C, TUBB4B) for the binocular and control groups and TUBA1A for the monocular and control groups as the core differentially methylated region-related genes. The proteins encoded by these core genes are involved in building cytoskeleton and intercellular junctions. Conclusion: Changes in the methylation levels of core genes may disturb the function of cytoskeleton and intercellular junctions, eventually leading to sporadic congenital cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Eye Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310031, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310031, PR China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Eye Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310031, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310031, PR China
| | - Yueqiu Luo
- Eye Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310031, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310031, PR China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310031, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310031, PR China
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Kassumeh S, Kueres A, Hillenmayer A, von Studnitz A, Elhardt C, Ohlmann A, Priglinger SG, Wertheimer CM. Development of a drug-eluting intraocular lens to deliver epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib for posterior capsule opacification prophylaxis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 31:436-444. [PMID: 31789061 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119891042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different molecular targets, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, have been identified for the prophylaxis of posterior capsule opacification. This led to the proposal of several drugs, yet drug delivery into the capsular bag remains challenging. The intraocular lens as a drug delivery device would provide a convenient method to allow drug release in the location needed. This is to evaluate the effect of a drug-eluting intraocular lens using an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor. METHODS Hydrophobic and hydrophilic intraocular lenses were coated with gefitinib using the dip coating technique. The cellular response on the modified intraocular lenses was tested in a human lens epithelial cell line (FHL-124) in an anterior segment model. Furthermore, modified intraocular lenses were implanted into human capsular bags ex vivo. Drug release was determined as well as the biocompatibility on human corneal endothelial cells. Unmodified intraocular lenses served as controls. In addition, immunofluorescence staining with fibronectin as a marker for fibrotic response was conducted. RESULTS Both coated hydrophilic and hydrophobic intraocular lenses could attenuate the cell growth of FHL-124 cells in the human capsular bag in comparison to the unmodified controls. Furthermore, gefitinib-soaked intraocular lenses showed a constant drug release over the first 10 days. No reduction in cell viability of corneal endothelial cells occurred. A decrease in fibronectin expression under gefitinib treatment could be observed. CONCLUSION In vitro epidermal growth factor receptor seems to be a valuable target for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification. The gefitinib-eluting intraocular lens in this study could inhibit cell growth in non-toxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kassumeh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kueres
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Hillenmayer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annabel von Studnitz
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Elhardt
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried G Priglinger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian M Wertheimer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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8
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Wertheimer C, Kueres A, Siedlecki J, Braun C, Kassumeh S, Wolf A, Mayer W, Priglinger C, Priglinger S, Eibl-Lindner K. The intraocular lens as a drug delivery device for an epidermal growth factor-Receptor inhibitor for prophylaxis of posterior capsule opacification. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e874-e882. [PMID: 29855160 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) occurs as a common complication after cataract surgery. Erlotinib is an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor-Receptor and reduces critical cellular events leading to PCO. In this in vitro study, Erlotinib-modified intraocular lenses (IOLs) employed as a drug delivery device have been evaluated for PCO prevention. METHODS The IC50 concentration of Erlotinib was determined by using FHL-124 cells. For the human capsular bag model, 40 cadaver eyes underwent sham cataract surgery. Sixteen capsular bags were exposed to the IC50 of Erlotinib. Intraocular lens (IOL) of three different materials was pharmacologically modified and tested in the anterior segment model and implanted into 24 capsular bags. To test for corneal toxicity, pairs of human cornea were exposed to high concentrations of Erlotinib and corneal endothelial cells (CEC) were exposed to the modified IOL. Release kinetics of Erlotinib from the IOL was measured. RESULTS IC50 of Erlotinib was determined to be 10 μm. Erlotinib alone (p = 0.002) and when soaked into IOLs (p < 0.001) significantly increased the number of days needed until total cell coverage of the capsular bags in comparison with the control. Modified IOLs mitigated cell growth in the anterior segment model (p < 0.001). No short-term corneal toxicity was observed up to a concentration of 100 μm, and IOLs did not show toxicity on CEC. Erlotinib was released constantly from IOL. CONCLUSION Erlotinib might be of clinical relevance in PCO prophylaxis, as its short-term application induces a long-term deceleration of cellular growth. Erlotinib can be introduced into the eye via soaked IOLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Kueres
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - Jakob Siedlecki
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - Christian Braun
- Institute for Forensic Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Kassumeh
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - Armin Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Mayer
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - Claudia Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
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ERK1/2-mediated EGFR-signaling is required for TGFβ-induced lens epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Exp Eye Res 2018; 178:108-121. [PMID: 30290164 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic cataract. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a potent inducer of this fibrotic process in lens. Recent studies in cancer progression have shown that in addition to activating the canonical Smad signaling pathway, TGFβ can also transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to enhance invasive cell migration. The present study aims to elucidate the involvement of EGFR-signaling in TGFβ-induced EMT in LECs. Treatment with TGFβ2 induced transdifferentiation of LECs into myofibroblastic cells, typical of an EMT. TGFβ2 induced the phosphorylation of the EGFR and upregulation of Egfr and Hb-egf gene expression. Pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR-signaling using PD153035 inhibited TGFβ-induced EMT, including the upregulation of mesenchymal markers and downregulation of epithelial markers. Crosstalk between TGFβ2-induced EGFR and ERK1/2 was evident, with both pathways impacting on Smad2/3-signaling. Our finding that TGFβ2 transactivates downstream EGFR-signaling reveals a previously unknown mechanism in the pathogenesis of cataract. Understanding the complex interplay between divergent canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways, as well as downstream target genes involved in TGFβ-induced EMT, will enable the development of more effective targeted therapies in the pharmacological treatment of cataract.
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Sükösd AK, Rapp J, Feller D, Sétáló G, Gáspár B, Pongrácz JE, Ábrahám H, Biró Z. Cell death and survival following manual and femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy in age-related cataract. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1440-1446. [PMID: 30225215 PMCID: PMC6133884 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.09.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study molecular and morphological changes in lens epithelial cells following femtosecond laser-assisted and manually performed continuous curvilinear capsulotomy (CCC) in order to get information about these methods regarding their potential role in the induction of development of secondary cataract. METHODS Anterior lens capsules (ALC) were removed from 40 patients with age-related cataract by manual CCC and by femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy (FLAC). Samples removed by manual CCC were assorted in group 1, FLAC samples were classified in group 2. Morphology of lens epithelial cells was examined with light and electron microscopes. Following capsulotomy, expressions of p53, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 genes were analyzed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the pro-apoptotic p53 in the epithelial cells. RESULTS Light and electron microscopic examination showed that ALC of group 1 contained more degenerating cells following manual CCC than after FLAC. The expression level of p53 was higher after manual than laser-assisted surgery. Immunocytochemistry indicated significantly higher number of cells containing p53 protein in the manual CCC group than following FLAC. Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 gene expression levels were slightly lower following manual CCC than after FLAC, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION Manually removed ALC shows slightly, but not significantly larger damage due to the mechanical stretching and pulling of the capsule than those removed using FLAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Krisztina Sükösd
- Department of Ophthalmology, the University of Pécs Medical School and Clinical Centre, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Judit Rapp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre of the University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Diána Feller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre of the University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - György Sétáló
- János Szentágothai Research Centre of the University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, the University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | | | - Judit E. Pongrácz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre of the University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Ábrahám
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, the University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Biró
- Department of Ophthalmology, the University of Pécs Medical School and Clinical Centre, Pécs 7623, Hungary
- Optimum Laser Centre, Budapest 1124, Hungary
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HPV16-E6 Oncoprotein Activates TGF- β and Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathways in the Epithelium-Mesenchymal Transition of Cataracts in a Transgenic Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2847873. [PMID: 29888254 PMCID: PMC5977056 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2847873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective This work aimed to determine if cataractous changes associated with EMT occurring in the K14E6 mice lenses are associated with TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Materials and Methods Cataracts of K14E6 mice were analysed histologically; and components of TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were evaluated by Western blot, RT-qPCR, in situ RT-PCR, IHC, or IF technics. Metalloproteinases involved in EMT were also assayed using zymography. The endogenous stabilisation of Smad7 protein was also assessed using an HDAC inhibitor. Results The K14E6 mice, which displayed binocular cataracts in 100% of the animals, exhibited loss of tissue organisation, cortical liquefaction, and an increase in the number of hyperproliferative-nucleated cells with mesenchymal-like characteristics in the lenses. Changes in lenses' cell morphology were due to actin filaments reorganisation, activation of TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, and the accumulation of MTA1 protein. Finally, the stabilisation of Smad7 protein diminishes cell proliferation, as well as MTA1 protein levels. Conclusion The HPV16-E6 oncoprotein induces EMT in transgenic mice cataracts. The molecular mechanism may involve TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, suggesting that the K14E6 transgenic mouse could be a useful model for the study or treatment of EMT-induced cataracts.
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Combined VEGF/PDGF inhibition using axitinib induces αSMA expression and a pro-fibrotic phenotype in human pericytes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:1141-1149. [PMID: 29721663 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-3987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Large trials on anti-VEGF/PDGF (vascular endothelial/platelet-derived growth factor) combination therapy have been established to improve management of neovascular activity in age-related macular degeneration. Targeting pericytes, PDGF is thought to induce vessel regression and reduce fibrovascular scarring. The fate of pericytes exposed to anti-VEGF/PDGF combination therapy is not clear. Therefore, this study was designed to study the influence of anti-VEGF/PDGF on pericyte phenotype and cellular behavior. METHODS Human pericytes from placenta (hPC-PL) were treated with axitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR1-3 and PDGFR. Toxic effects were excluded using live/dead staining. Phenotypic changes were evaluated using phalloidin staining for actin cytoskeleton and the expression of stress fibers. MRNA and protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) as a marker of proto-myofibroblastic transition were evaluated with real-time PCR and Western blotting. Influences of fibrotic cellular mechanisms were evaluated with a scratch wound migration and a collagen gel contraction assay. RESULTS Treatment with 0.5, 1, and 2.5 μg/ml axitinib strongly induced a proto-myofibroblast-like actin cytoskeleton with a marked increase in stress fibers. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting revealed these changes to be linked to dose-dependent increases in αSMA mRNA and protein expression. However, fibrotic cellular mechanisms were significantly reduced in the presence of axitinib (scratch wound closure: up to - 78.4%, collagen gel contraction: up to - 37.4%). CONCLUSIONS Combined anti-VEGF/PDGF inhibition seems to induce a proto-myofibroblast-like phenotype in human pericytes in vitro, but reduce profibrotic cellular mechanisms due to prolonged anti-PDGF inhibition.
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13
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Li Y, Sun B, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhang D, Gu Q, Liu T. MMP-2 and MMP-13 affect vasculogenic mimicry formation in large cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3741-3751. [PMID: 28766880 PMCID: PMC5706571 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have critical functions in tumour vasculogenic mimicry (VM). This study explored the mechanisms underlying MMP-13 and MMP-2 regulation of tumour VM formation in large cell lung cancer (LCLC). In our study, laminin5 (Ln-5) fragments cleaved by MMP-2 promoted tubular structure formation by the LCLC cell lines H460 and H661 in three-dimensional (3D) cultures. Transient up-regulation of MMP-13 or treatment with recombinant MMP-13 protein abrogated tubular structure formation of H460 cells in 3D culture. Treated cells with Ln-5 fragments cleaved by MMP-2 stimulated EGFR and F-actin expression. Ln-5 fragments cleaved by MMP-13 decreased EGFR/F-actin expression and disrupted VM formation. MMP-13 expression was negatively correlated with VM, Ln-5 and EGFR in LCLC tissues and xenograft. In vivo experiments revealed that VM was decreased when the number of endothelium-dependent vessels (EDVs) increased during xenograft tumour growth, whereas MMP-13 expression was progressively increased. In conclusion, MMP-2 promoted and MMP-13 disrupted VM formation in LCLC by cleaving Ln-5 to influence EGFR signal activation. MMP-13 may regulate VM and EDV formation.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/therapy
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/pharmacology
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Line, Tumor
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Mimicry
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
- Tumor Burden
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Kalinin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Li
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin Cancer HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tieju Liu
- Department of PathologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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14
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Li J, Zhou Y, Wang H, Gao Y, Li L, Hwang SH, Ji X, Hammock BD. COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor PTUPB suppresses glioblastoma growth by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and hyaluronan mediated motility receptor. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87353-87363. [PMID: 29152086 PMCID: PMC5675638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) dual inhibitor, PTUPB, has been demonstrated to inhibit angiogenesis, primary tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of PTUPB on glioblastoma cells and xenograft model. Results We show here that PTUPB inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation and G1 phase cell cycle arrest in vitro, and suppresses the tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. The expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream kinases, ERK1/2 and AKT, are reduced by PTUPB, indicating that the EGF/EGFR signaling pathway is a potential target. Moreover, PTUPB dramatically suppresses expression of hyaluronan mediated motility receptor (HMMR) in the glioblastoma cell lines and xenograft mouse model, suggesting that the HMMR is the other potential target. Materials and Methods Cellular immunofluorescence assays were used for cell staining of actin fibers and HMMR. CCK-8 kit was used for cell proliferation assay. Cell-cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR assay was performed to test mRNA level. Western blot analysis was used to test protein expression. Immunohistochemical staining assay was used for xenograft tumor tissue staining of Ki-67, CD31 and HMMR. The SPSS version 17.0 software was applied for statistical analysis. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that PTUPB is a potential therapeutic agent to treat glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yongyue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiangjun Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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15
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Wertheimer C, Eibl-Lindner KH, Compera D, Kueres A, Wolf A, Docheva D, Priglinger SG, Priglinger C, Schumann RG. A cell culture technique for human epiretinal membranes to describe cell behavior and membrane contraction in vitro. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:2147-2155. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Dickkopf-1 inhibits Wnt3a-induced migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2017; 161:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Zheng YP, Zhang SB, Wang F, Liu H, Zhang W, Song B, Liu ZY, Xiong L, Fan YZ, Liao DY. Effects of lentiviral RNA interference-mediated downregulation of integrin-linked kinase on biological behaviors of human lens epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:21-8. [PMID: 26949605 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of lentivirus (LV) mediated integrin-linked kinase (ILK) RNA interference (RNAi) on biological behaviors of human lens epithelial cells (LECs). METHODS Human cataract LECs and immortalized human LEC line, human lens epithelial (HLE) B-3 cells were transfected by lentiviral vector expressing ILK-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and then stimulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), the silencing of ILK gene and protein was identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot methods; biological behaviors including cell cycle and apoptosis, cell morphology, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) stress fiber formation and cell migration were examined. RESULTS Remarkable decreases of ILK protein expression were detected in LECs carrying lentiviral ILK-shRNA vector; flow cytometry revealed arresting of cell cycle progression through the G1/S transition and higher apoptosis rate in ILK-RNAi-LV transfected cells. Less α-SMA stress fiber formation and migration was observed in ILK-RNAi-LV transfected LECs. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that ILK was an important regulator for LECs proliferation and migration. LV mediated ILK RNAi is an effective way to decrease ILK-regulated cell growth by arresting cell cycle progression and increasing cell apoptosis, as well as, to prevent cell migration by inhibiting TGF-β induced α-SMA stress fiber formation. Thus, LV mediated ILK RNAi might be useful to prevent posterior capsular opacification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zi-Yao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ya-Zhi Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Ying Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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18
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Wertheimer C, Brandlhuber U, Kook D, Mayer WJ, Laubichler P, Wolf A, Kampik A, Eibl-Lindner K. Erufosine, a phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor, to mitigate posterior capsule opacification in the human capsular bag model. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Prevention of posterior capsular opacification. Exp Eye Res 2015; 136:100-15. [PMID: 25783492 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is a common complication of cataract surgery. The development of PCO is due to a combination of the processes of proliferation, migration, and transdifferentiation of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the lens capsule. In the past decades, various forms of PCO prevention have been examined, including adjustments of techniques and intraocular lens materials, pharmacological treatments, and prevention by interfering with biological processes in LECs. The only method so far that seems effective is the implantation of an intraocular lens with sharp edged optics to mechanically prevent PCO formation. In this review, current knowledge of the prevention of PCO will be described. We illustrate the biological pathways underlying PCO formation and the various approaches to interfere with the biological processes to prevent PCO. In this type of prevention, the use of nanotechnological advances can play a role.
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20
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Wertheimer C, Siedlecki J, Kook D, Mayer WJ, Wolf A, Klingenstein A, Kampik A, Eibl-Lindner K. EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib attenuates posterior capsule opacification in vitro and in the ex vivo human capsular bag model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 253:409-17. [PMID: 25471020 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) occurs as a common complication after cataract surgery. Gefitinib is a selective inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which represents a potential pharmacological target for PCO prevention. In this in vitro study, we assessed the effect and biocompatibility of Gefitinib in PCO prophylaxis. METHODS The effect of Gefitinib on the key pathological features of PCO was assessed in vitro. We determined growth in the human capsular bag model, prepared from sixteen cadaver eyes that underwent sham cataract surgery. Furthermore, two lens epithelial cell lines, HLE-B3 and FHL-124, were used to determine concentration-based effects on cell proliferation. In addition, cell-migration, matrix-contraction, and cell spreading were investigated. To exclude toxic concentrations, Gefitinib was assessed for its biocompatibility on six different human ocular cell types from the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. RESULTS Gefitinib significantly increased the time until confluence of the capsular bag compared to controls (p < 0.001)). In both human lens epithelial cell lines (HLE-B3 and FHL-124), proliferation decreased significantly and as equally strong after incubation with Gefitinib (p < 0.001), as did chemotactic migration (p = 0.004), matrix contraction (p = 0.001), and cell-spreading (p = 0.001). At the IC50 concentration, Gefitinib was well tolerated by six different human ocular cell types of the anterior and posterior segment. CONCLUSION The specific EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib might become of clinical relevance in PCO prophylaxis as it attenuated cellular growth and other pathological PCO factors in the ex vivo human capsular bag model and in two human lens epithelial cell lines, while showing good biocompatibility in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wertheimer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany,
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