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Wendo JK, Mbaria JM, Nyariki JN, Isaac AO. Ginkgo biloba attenuated detrimental inflammatory and oxidative events due to Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in mice treated with melarsoprol. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012103. [PMID: 38620045 PMCID: PMC11045140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe late stage Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r) is characterized by damage to the blood brain barrier, severe brain inflammation, oxidative stress and organ damage. Melarsoprol (MelB) is currently the only treatment available for this disease. MelB use is limited by its lethal neurotoxicity due to post-treatment reactive encephalopathy. This study sought to assess the potential of Ginkgo biloba (GB), a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, to protect the integrity of the blood brain barrier and ameliorate detrimental inflammatory and oxidative events due to T.b.r in mice treated with MelB. METHODOLOGY Group one constituted the control; group two was infected with T.b.r; group three was infected with T.b.r and treated with 2.2 mg/kg melarsoprol for 10 days; group four was infected with T.b.r and administered with GB 80 mg/kg for 30 days; group five was given GB 80mg/kg for two weeks before infection with T.b.r, and continued thereafter and group six was infected with T.b.r, administered with GB and treated with MelB. RESULTS Co-administration of MelB and GB improved the survival rate of infected mice. When administered separately, MelB and GB protected the integrity of the blood brain barrier and improved neurological function in infected mice. Furthermore, the administration of MelB and GB prevented T.b.r-induced microcytic hypochromic anaemia and thrombocytopenia, as well as T.b.r-driven downregulation of total WBCs. Glutathione analysis showed that co-administration of MelB and GB prevented T.b.r-induced oxidative stress in the brain, spleen, heart and lungs. Notably, GB averted peroxidation and oxidant damage by ameliorating T.b.r and MelB-driven elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain, kidney and liver. In fact, the co-administered group for the liver, registered the lowest MDA levels for infected mice. T.b.r-driven elevation of serum TNF-α, IFN-γ, uric acid and urea was abrogated by MelB and GB. Co-administration of MelB and GB was most effective in stabilizing TNFα levels. GB attenuated T.b.r and MelB-driven up-regulation of nitrite. CONCLUSION Utilization of GB as an adjuvant therapy may ameliorate detrimental effects caused by T.b.r infection and MelB toxicity during late stage HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Khatenje Wendo
- The University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kangemi (Nairobi), Kenya
- The Technical University of Kenya, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Mucunu Mbaria
- The University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kangemi (Nairobi), Kenya
| | - James Nyabuga Nyariki
- The Technical University of Kenya, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- The Technical University of Kenya, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Ben-Azu B, Adebayo OG, Wopara I, Aduema W, Onyeleonu I, Umoren EB, Kolawole TA, Ebo OT, Akpotu AE, Ajibo DN, Onuoha OG. Lead acetate induces hippocampal pyramidal neuron degeneration in mice via up-regulation of executioner caspase-3, oxido-inflammatory stress expression and decreased BDNF and cholinergic activity: Reversal effects of Gingko biloba supplement. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126919. [PMID: 35038618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been hypothesized that compounds with strong anti-oxidant activity might mitigate lead-induced neurotoxicity that resulted to neuronal degeneration.Ginkgo biloba supplement (GB-S) is a neuroactive supplement which has been reported to demonstrate neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the reversal effect and the underlying mechanism of GB-S following lead-induced neurotoxicity in mice. METHODS Male Swiss mice (n = 8) were pre-treated with lead acetate (100 mg/kg) for 30 min before GB-S (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) or Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days. Memory impairment symptoms were evaluated on day 13 and 14 using Y-maze and Novel object recognition test (NORT) respectively. Thereafter, spectrophotometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and histomorphormetry were used to estimate the degree and expression of biomarkers of neuronal inflammation: oxido-inflammatory stress, apoptosis and degeneration in the hippocampus (HC). RESULTS Lead acetate treatment significantly (p < 0.05) induced neurobehavioral impairment which was reversed by GB-S as evident in increased percentage alternation and discrimination index. GB-S significantly (p < 0.05) reduced lipid peroxidation and nitrite level, inhibited TNF-α and acetylcholinesterase activity and improved glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in the HC. Moreover, GB-S inhibited hippocampal apoptosis via elevated expression of caspase-3 with marked increase level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Also, the histomorphormetric study showed that GB-S rescued death of pyramidal neurons (CA3) in the HC. CONCLUSION Our findings however suggest that GB-S decreased memory impairment progression induced by lead acetate via mechanisms connected to inhibition of oxido-inflammatory stress mediators, restrained acetylcholinesterase activity, up-regulated BDNF/Caspase-3 expression and suppression of hippocampal pyramidal neuron degeneration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria.
| | - Iheanyichukwu Wopara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Wadioni Aduema
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Onyeleonu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth B Umoren
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Tolunigba A Kolawole
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Oloruntoba T Ebo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ajirioghene E Akpotu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Doris N Ajibo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu G Onuoha
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
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Labkovich M, Jacobs EB, Bhargava S, Pasquale LR, Ritch R. Ginkgo Biloba Extract in Ophthalmic and Systemic Disease, With a Focus on Normal-Tension Glaucoma. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:215-225. [PMID: 32282348 PMCID: PMC7299225 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative eye disease that results in retinal ganglion cell loss and ultimately loss of vision. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most common known risk factor for retinal ganglion cell damage and visual field loss, and the only modifiable risk factor proven to reduce the development and progression of glaucoma. This has greatly influenced our approach and assessment in terms of diagnosis and treatment. However, as many as ≥50% of patients with progressive vision loss from primary open angle glaucoma without IOP elevation (≤22 mm Hg) have been reported in the United States and Canada; 90% in Japan and 80% in Korea. Extensive research is currently underway to identify the etiology of risk factors for glaucoma other than or in addition to elevated IOP (so-called "normal-tension" glaucoma; NTG) and use this knowledge to expand available treatment options. Currently, Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for glaucoma exclusively target elevated IOP, suggesting the need for additional approaches to treatment options beyond the current scope as the definition of glaucoma changes to encompass cellular and molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on alternative medical approaches, specifically Ginkgo Biloba extract, as a potential treatment option for normal-tension glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Labkovich
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Erica B. Jacobs
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Siddharth Bhargava
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Robert Ritch
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Anbukkarasi M, Thomas PA, Teresa PA, Anand T, Geraldine P. Comparison of the efficacy of a Tabernaemontana divaricata extract and of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles in preventing cataract formation in an in-vivo system of selenite-induced cataractogenesis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tewari D, Samoilă O, Gocan D, Mocan A, Moldovan C, Devkota HP, Atanasov AG, Zengin G, Echeverría J, Vodnar D, Szabo B, Crişan G. Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Used in Cataract Management. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:466. [PMID: 31263410 PMCID: PMC6585469 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract is the leading reason of blindness worldwide and is defined by the presence of any lens opacities or loss of transparency. The most common symptoms of cataract are impaired vision, decreased contrast sensitivity, color disturbance, and glare. Oxidative stress is among the main mechanisms involved in the development of age-related cataract. Surgery through phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation is the most effective method for cataract treatment, however, there are chances of serious complications and irreversible loss of vision associated with the surgery. Natural compounds consisting of antioxidant or anti-inflammatory secondary metabolites can serve as potential leads for anticataract agents. In this review, we tried to document medicinal plants and plant-based natural products used for cataract treatment worldwide, which are gathered from available ethnopharmacological/ethnobotanical data. We have extensively explored a number of recognized databases like Scifinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus by using keywords and phrases such as “cataract”, “blindness”, “traditional medicine”, “ethnopharmacology”, “ethnobotany”, “herbs”, “medicinal plants”, or other relevant terms, and summarized the plants/phytoconstituents that are evaluated in different models of cataract and also tabulated 44 plants that are traditionally used in cataract in various folklore medical practices. Moreover, we also categorized the plants according to scientific studies carried out in different cataract models with their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Ovidiu Samoilă
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gocan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cadmiel Moldovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dan Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Szabo
- Department of Anatomy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crişan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Zych M, Wojnar W, Dudek S, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Rosmarinic and Sinapic Acids May Increase the Content of Reduced Glutathione in the Lenses of Estrogen-Deficient Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E803. [PMID: 30970573 PMCID: PMC6521282 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to be associated with both postmenopausal disorders and cataract development. Previously, we have demonstrated that rosmarinic and sinapic acids, which are diet-derived antioxidative phenolic acids, counteracted some disorders induced by estrogen deficiency. Other studies have shown that some phenolic acids may reduce cataract development in various animal models. However, there is no data on the effect of phenolic acids on oxidative stress markers in the lenses of estrogen-deficient rats. The study aimed to investigate whether administration of rosmarinic acid and sinapic acid affects the antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage parameters in the lenses of estrogen-deficient rats. The study was conducted on three-month-old female Wistar rats. The ovariectomized rats were orally treated with rosmarinic acid at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg or sinapic acid at doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg, for 4 weeks. The content of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione and amyloid β1-42, as well as products of protein and lipid oxidation, were assessed. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and some glutathione-related enzymes in the lenses were determined. Rosmarinic and sinapic acids in both doses resulted in an increase in the GSH content and glutathione reductase activity. They also improved parameters connected with protein oxidation. Since GSH plays an important role in maintaining the lens transparency, the increase in GSH content in lenses after the use of rosmarinic and sinapic acids seems to be beneficial. Therefore, both the investigated dietary compounds may be helpful in preventing cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Dudek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Wang A, Yang Q, Li Q, Wang X, Hao S, Wang J, Ren M. Ginkgo Biloba L. Extract Reduces H2O2-Induced Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cytotoxicity by Regulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathways and Oxidative Stress. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3159-3167. [PMID: 29758019 PMCID: PMC5975070 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oxidative stress environment of pathological tissue has an adverse effect on the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation. Ginkgo biloba L. extract (EGB) has a potent antioxidant effect. In this research, we assessed the protective effects of EGB and EGB-Containing Serum (EGB CS) on BMSCs against injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Material/Methods BMSCs were pretreated with EGB or EGB CS and treated with H2O2. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was utilized to detect cell viability. The DCFH-DA Fluorescent Kit method was used to detect intracellular ROS level. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and (CAT) were determined. The Hoechst staining assay and qRT-PCR assay were utilized to evaluate the effect of EGB on cell apoptosis. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway were detected by western blot analysis. Results Compared to the H2O2 group, the number of apoptotic cells in the EGB and EGB CS pretreated groups significantly decreased. The mRNA expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was also decreased. EGB and EGB CS can reduce the production of ROS in BMSCs exposed to H2O2. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were significantly higher compared with those with H2O2 group. Furthermore, EGB or EGB CS pretreatment decreased the protein levels of p-p38MAPK and p-JNK in BMSCs compared to the H2O2 group. Conclusions Our findings suggested that EGB and EGB CS have protective effect on BMSCs against oxidative stress injury and increase the survival rate of BMSCs transplantation by regulating p38MAPK and JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Qiuju Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Shuhong Hao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Khedr MH, Shafaa MW, Abdel-Ghaffar A, Saleh A. Radioprotective efficacy of Ginkgo biloba and Angelica archangelica extract against technetium-99m-sestamibi induced oxidative stress and lens injury in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 94:37-44. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1407463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H. Khedr
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Medhat W. Shafaa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Saleh
- Exploratory Center for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang S, Li D, Pi J, Li W, Zhang B, Qi D, Li N, Guo P, Liu Z. Pharmacokinetic and ocular microdialysis study of oral ginkgo biloba extract in rabbits by UPLC-MS/MS determination. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1540-1551. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this work was to determine and investigate the absorption of ginkgo terpenoids (GT) in plasma and aqueous humour after oral administration of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) by UPLC-MS/MS method.
Methods
The UPLC-MS/MS determination of GT employed the multiple reaction monitoring mode using an electrospray negative ionization. The rabbits were orally administered the suspension of GBE at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Serial plasma and dialysate samples were collected at the corresponding time and then analysed by UPLC-MS/MS.
Key findings
In plasma, the mean AUC from 0 to 48 h was 14.12, 12.59, 23.75, 1.51 h μg/ml for GLJ and 5.34 h μg/ml for GLA, GLB, GLC, GLJ and BLL, respectively. In aqueous humour, the five ginkgo terpenoids have been detected. Compared with the other four GT, BLL has better absorption in the eyes.
Conclusions
A selective and reproducible UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to determine and investigate the absorption of ginkgo terpenoids in plasma and aqueous humour of rabbits after oral administration of GBE. The main five ginkgo terpenoids could be absorbed into eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Li
- Sine Promod Pharmaceutical Co., Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Pi
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongli Qi
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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EGb761 attenuates depressive-like behaviours induced by long-term light deprivation in C57BL/6J mice through inhibition of NF-κB-IL-6 signalling pathway. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:350-357. [PMID: 28450797 PMCID: PMC5382876 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.63807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous investigation found that Ginkgo extract EGb761 could attenuate the depressive-like behaviours induced by a single injection of lipopolysaccharide in mice. However, it has not been investigated whether EGb761 is effective on depressive-like behaviours induced by long-term light deprivation and whether its effects are associated with the inhibition of NF-κB-IL-6 signalling pathway. In this study, three groups (vehicle group, EGb761 low-dose group, and EGb761 high-dose group) of C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to constant darkness for four weeks. The control mice remained on a 12 : 12 light-dark cycle. Depressive-like behaviours were evaluated by tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT). Spontaneous locomotor activity was evaluated by open field test (OFT). Levels of IL-6, IL-6 mRNA, NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, IκBα, and phospho-IκBα were measured using Elisa, western blotting, or PCR assays. NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity was evaluated using Chemi Transcription Factor Assay Kit. Results showed long-term light deprivation prolonged the immobile time in TST and FST, shortened the latency to immobility in FST, reduced spontaneous locomotor activity in OFT, decreased sucrose preference in SPT, and increased levels of IL-6, IL-6 mRNA, NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, and phospho-IκBα in hippocampal tissue. EGb761 dose-dependently reversed the changes of the above parameters induced by long-term light deprivation, without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity. We conclude that EGb761 could attenuate the depressive-like behaviours and inhibit the NF-κB-IL-6 signalling pathway in a light-deprivation-induced mouse model of depression.
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