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Higa K, Kimoto R, Kojima T, Dogru M, Müller-Lierheim WGK, Shimazaki J. Therapeutic Aqueous Humor Concentrations of Latanoprost Attained in Rats by Administration in a Very-High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drop. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:523. [PMID: 38675184 PMCID: PMC11053993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The temporal change in concentration of a novel medicine, Latanoprost (LP), was evaluated in the aqueous humor of rats (6-8-week-old Jcl:Wister rats) when delivered in a very-high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (vHiHA) eye drop. Animals were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (LP + vHiHA (LPvHiHA), commercial LP (cLP), and diluted LP (dLP)) and after instilling the eye drops, the aqueous humor (AH) was collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h to measure the LP concentration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Although the LP concentration in the LPvHiHA eye drop formulation was 3.57 times lower than in the commercial eye drops used (cLP), the LP concentration in the AH following LPvHiHA administration reached a value close to that of cLP. The cLP was diluted to the same concentration of LP as in the LPvHiHA eye drops for the dLP group, but the LP concentration in the AH of these animals was lower than that of the LPvHiHA rats at all time points. The higher LP concentration in the AH of the LPvHiHA rats suggests that vHiHA may aid the transport of LP across the ocular surface epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Higa
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa 272-8513, Japan; (R.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Reona Kimoto
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa 272-8513, Japan; (R.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Murat Dogru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.K.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Jun Shimazaki
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa 272-8513, Japan; (R.K.); (J.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa 272-8513, Japan
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Shi J, Yang J, Xu H, Luo Q, Sun J, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zhao N, Zhang J. Preparation of a Sunitinib loaded microemulsion for ocular delivery and evaluation for the treatment of corneal neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157084. [PMID: 37497104 PMCID: PMC10366539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological condition that can disrupt corneal transparency, thus harming visual acuity. However, there is no effective drug to treat CNV. Sunitinib (STB), a small-molecule multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was shown to have an effect on CNV. The purpose of this study was to develop an STB microemulsion (STB-ME) eye drop to inhibit CNV by topical application. Methods: We successfully prepared an STB-ME by the phase inversion emulsification method, and the physicochemical properties of STB-MEs were investigated. The short-term storage stability, cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells, drug release, ocular irritation, ocular pharmacokinetics and the inhibitory effect on CNV were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: The optimal formulation of STB-ME is composed of oleic acid, CRH 40, Transcutol P, water and sodium hyaluronate (SH). It is a uniform spherical particle with a mean droplet size of 18.74 ± 0.09 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.196 ± 0.004. In the in vitro drug release results, STB-ME showed sustained release and was best fitted by a Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R 2 = 0.9960). The results of the ocular pharmacokinetics in rabbits showed that the formulation containing SH increased the bioavailability in the cornea (2.47-fold) and conjunctiva (2.14-fold). STB-ME (0.05% and 0.1%), administered topically, suppressed alkali burn-induced CNV in mice more effectively than saline, and high-dose (0.1%) STB-ME had similar efficacy to dexamethasone (0.025%). Conclusion: This study provides a promising formulation of STB-ME for the inhibition of CNV by topical administration, which has the excellent characteristics of effectiveness, sustained release and high ocular bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieran Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Fallacara A, Baldini E, Manfredini S, Vertuani S. Hyaluronic Acid in the Third Millennium. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E701. [PMID: 30960626 PMCID: PMC6403654 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first isolation in 1934, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been studied across a variety of research areas. This unbranched glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-glucuronic acid is almost ubiquitous in humans and in other vertebrates. HA is involved in many key processes, including cell signaling, wound reparation, tissue regeneration, morphogenesis, matrix organization and pathobiology, and has unique physico-chemical properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesivity, hygroscopicity and viscoelasticity. For these reasons, exogenous HA has been investigated as a drug delivery system and treatment in cancer, ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, urology, aesthetic medicine and cosmetics. To improve and customize its properties and applications, HA can be subjected to chemical modifications: conjugation and crosslinking. The present review gives an overview regarding HA, describing its history, physico-chemical, structural and hydrodynamic properties and biology (occurrence, biosynthesis (by hyaluronan synthases), degradation (by hyaluronidases and oxidative stress), roles, mechanisms of action and receptors). Furthermore, both conventional and recently emerging methods developed for the industrial production of HA and its chemical derivatization are presented. Finally, the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications of HA and its derivatives are reviewed, reporting examples of HA-based products that currently are on the market or are undergoing further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Fallacara
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology (COSMAST), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Erika Baldini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology (COSMAST), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology (COSMAST), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology (COSMAST), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Guter M, Breunig M. Hyaluronan as a promising excipient for ocular drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 113:34-49. [PMID: 27914235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide and well known for its exceptional properties such as high biocompatibility and biodegradability, along with a low immunogenicity. Besides its use for various biomedical applications it recently came into focus as a favorable excipient for the formulation of various ocular therapeutics. This review article summarizes the ocular distribution of HA and its most heavily investigated binding protein "cluster of differentiation 44" (CD44) which is the rationale for the clinical use of HA, primarily as an additive in ocular applications ranging from eye drops to contact lenses. Moreover, examples will be given for using HA in various pre-clinical approaches to generate entirely new therapeutics, most notably in the field of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Guter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany.
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Zeng W, Li Q, Wan T, Liu C, Pan W, Wu Z, Zhang G, Pan J, Qin M, Lin Y, Wu C, Xu Y. Hyaluronic acid-coated niosomes facilitate tacrolimus ocular delivery: Mucoadhesion, precorneal retention, aqueous humor pharmacokinetics, and transcorneal permeability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:28-35. [PMID: 26820107 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (FK506) was used to prevent corneal allograft rejection in patients who were resistant to steroids and cyclosporine. However, the formulation for FK506 ocular delivery remained a challenge due to the drug's high hydrophobicity, high molecular weight, and eye's physiological and anatomical constraints. The aim of this project is to develop an ocular delivery system for FK506 based on a combined strategy of niosomes and mucoadhesive hyaluronic acid (HA), i.e., FK506HA-coated niosomes, which exploits virtues of both niosomes and HA to synergistically improve ophthalmic bioavailability. The FK506HA-coated niosomes were characterized with particle size, zeta potential, and rheology behavior. Mucoadhesion of FK506HA-coated niosomes to mucin was investigated through surface plasmon resonance in comparison with non-coated niosomes and HA solution. The results showed that niosomes possessed adhesion to mucin, and HA coating enhanced the adhesion. The in vivo precorneal retention was evaluated in rabbit, and the results showed that HA-coated niosomes prolonged the residence of FK506 significantly in comparison with non-coated niosomes or suspension. Aqueous humor pharmacokinetics test showed that area under curve of HA-coated niosomes was 2.3-fold and 1.2-fold as that of suspension and non-coated niosomes, respectively. Moreover, the synergetic corneal permeability enhancement of the hybrid delivery system on FK506 was visualized and confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscope. Overall, the results indicated that the hybrid system facilitated FK506 ocular delivery on mucoadhesion, precorneal retention, aqueous humor pharmacokinetics and transcorneal permeability. Therefore, HA-coated niosomes may be a promising approach for ocular targeting delivery of FK506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhui Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zushuai Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingtong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengyao Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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López-García JS, García-Lozano I, Rivas L, Ramírez N, Raposo R, Méndez MT. Autologous serum eye drops diluted with sodium hyaluronate: clinical and experimental comparative study. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:e22-9. [PMID: 23890196 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate as vehicle for diluting autologous serum. METHODS The concentration and temporal stability of EGF, TGF-β, PDGF-AB and albumin in fresh and frozen samples of autologous serum diluted with sodium hyaluronate and saline solution, as well as the pH, osmolarity and density was studied. In parallel, the clinic effects of autologous serum diluted to 20% with sodium hyaluronate were compared with another solution of autologous serum diluted to 20% with saline in a prospective, comparative, randomized and double-blind study in 26 patients (52 eyes) with Sjögren syndrome. Patients underwent a complete ophthalmic assessment including tear film evaluation and corneal and conjunctival impression cytology at the beginning of the study and 2 months later. RESULTS The growth factor (GF) concentration remained stable during 1 month at 4°C both in fresh and defrosted samples without any differences being found between both preparations. No differences were found related to osmolarity, pH and density between these preparations before and after frosting. Autologous serum diluted with sodium hyaluronate caused a significant improvement of the tear film stability, fluorescein and rose Bengal stain, break-up time, corneal and conjunctival squamous metaplasia as well as in the patient subjective perception. CONCLUSIONS Sodium hyaluronate is an excellent vehicle for diluting autologous serum due to the gradual release of GF and increasing their duration and effect on the ocular surface. Preparations diluted with sodium hyaluronate are better tolerated by patients and require a lower number of drops administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S López-García
- Ophthalmology Department, Cruz Roja Hospital, Madrid, SpainDry Eye Unit, Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Department, Ramón and Cajal Hospital, Madrid, SpainOphthalmology Department, Infanta Sofia Hospital, Madrid, SpainClinical Analysis School, Pharmacy College, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Tamer TM. Hyaluronan and synovial joint: function, distribution and healing. Interdiscip Toxicol 2013; 6:111-25. [PMID: 24678248 PMCID: PMC3967437 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fluid is a viscous solution found in the cavities of synovial joints. The principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilages of synovial joints during movement. The presence of high molar mass hyaluronan (HA) in this fluid gives it the required viscosity for its function as lubricant solution. Inflammation oxidation stress enhances normal degradation of hyaluronan causing several diseases related to joints. This review describes hyaluronan properties and distribution, applications and its function in synovial joints, with short review for using thiol compounds as antioxidants preventing HA degradations under inflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Mahmoud Tamer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry of Drugs, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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9
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Pahuja P, Arora S, Pawar P. Ocular drug delivery system: a reference to natural polymers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:837-61. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.690733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Nguyen D, Hui A, Weeks A, Heynen M, Joyce E, Sheardown H, Jones L. Release of Ciprofloxacin-HCl and Dexamethasone Phosphate by Hyaluronic Acid Containing Silicone Polymers. MATERIALS 2012; 5:684-698. [PMID: 28817003 PMCID: PMC5448961 DOI: 10.3390/ma5040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the covalent incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) into conventional hydrogel and hydrogels containing silicone as models for contact lens materials on the uptake and release of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin and the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone phosphate. A 3 mg/mL ciprofloxacin solution (0.3% w/v) and a 1 mg/mL dexamethasone phosphate solution (0.1%) was prepared in borate buffered saline. Three hydrogel material samples (pHEMA; pHEMA TRIS; DMAA TRIS) were prepared with and without the covalent incorporation of HA of molecular weight (MW) 35 or 132 kDa. Hydrogel discs were punched from a sheet of material with a uniform diameter of 5 mm. Uptake kinetics were evaluated at room temperature by soaking the discs for 24 h. Release kinetics were evaluated by placing the drug-loaded discs in saline at 34 °C in a shaking water bath. At various time points over 6–7 days, aliquots of the release medium were assayed for drug amounts. The majority of the materials tested released sufficient drug to be clinically relevant in an ophthalmic application, reaching desired concentrations for antibiotic or anti-inflammatory activity in solution. Overall, the silicone-based hydrogels (pHEMA TRIS and DMAA TRIS), released lower amounts of drug than the conventional pHEMA material (p < 0.001). Materials with HA MW132 released more ciprofloxacin compared to materials with HA MW35 and lenses without HA (p < 0.02). Some HA-based materials were still releasing the drug after 6 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrene Nguyen
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Alex Hui
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Andrea Weeks
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Miriam Heynen
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Joyce
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
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Oh EJ, Park K, Choi JS, Joo CK, Hahn SK. Synthesis, characterization, and preliminary assessment of anti-Flt1 peptide–hyaluronate conjugate for the treatment of corneal neovascularization. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6026-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Le Bourlais CA, Treupel-Acar L, Rhodes CT, Sado PA, Leverge R. New Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049509048095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liao YH, Jones SA, Forbes B, Martin GP, Brown MB. Hyaluronan: pharmaceutical characterization and drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2006; 12:327-42. [PMID: 16253949 DOI: 10.1080/10717540590952555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), is a polyanionic polysaccharide that consists of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and beta-glucoronic acid. It is most frequently referred to as hyaluronan because it exists in vivo as a polyanion and not in the protonated acid form. HA is distributed widely in vertebrates and presents as a component of the cell coat of many strains of bacteria. Initially the main functions of HA were believed to be mechanical as it has a protective, structure stabilizing and shock-absorbing role in the body. However, more recently the role of HA in the mediation of physiological functions via interaction with binding proteins and cell surface receptors including morphogenesis, regeneration, wound healing, and tumor invasion, as well as in the dynamic regulation of such interactions on cell signaling and behavior has been documented. The unique viscoelastic nature of hyaluronan along with its biocompatibility and nonimmunogenicity has led to its use in a number of cosmetic, medical, and pharmaceutical applications. More recently, HA has been investigated as a drug delivery agent for ophthalmic, nasal, pulmonary, parenteral, and dermal routes. The purpose of our review is to describe the physical, chemical, and biological properties of native HA together with how it can be produced and assayed along with a detailed analysis of its medical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Brown MB, Jones SA. Hyaluronic acid: a unique topical vehicle for the localized delivery of drugs to the skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005; 19:308-18. [PMID: 15857456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.01180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring polyanionic, polysaccharide that consists of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and beta-glucoronic acid. It is present in the intercellular matrix of most vertebrate connective tissues especially skin where it has a protective, structure stabilizing and shock-absorbing role. The unique viscoelastic nature of HA along with its biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity has led to its use in a number of clinical applications, which include: the supplementation of joint fluid in arthritis; as a surgical aid in eye surgery; and to facilitate the healing and regeneration of surgical wounds. More recently, HA has been investigated as a drug delivery agent for various routes of administration, including ophthalmic, nasal, pulmonary, parenteral and topical. In fact, regulatory approval in the USA, Canada and Europe was granted recently for 3% diclofenac in 2.5% HA gel, Solaraze, for the topical treatment of actinic keratoses, which is the third most common skin complaint in the USA. The gel is well tolerated, safe and efficacious and provides an attractive, cost-effective alternative to cryoablation, curettage or dermabrasion, or treatment with 5-fluorouracil. The purpose of this review is to describe briefly the physical, chemical and biological properties of HA together with some details of its medical and pharmaceutical uses with emphasis on this more recent topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Brown
- Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK.
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Ceulemans J, Vermeire A, Adriaens E, Remon JP, Ludwig A. Evaluation of a mucoadhesive tablet for ocular use. J Control Release 2001; 77:333-44. [PMID: 11733100 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the use of a polymer mixture containing Carbopol 974P and drum dried waxy maize starch to obtain prolonged drug release to the anterior eye segment. Two dosage forms with this composition are compared: a hydrated polymer dispersion and a minitablet. A model fluorescent tracer is used to study the ocular release and diffusion from the two dosage forms in humans. To evaluate the prolongation in the cornea/tearfilm compartment, the Apparent Fluorescein TurnOver (%/min) is calculated. The parameters Cmax, tmax, and C9h are used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of Na-fluorescein in the anterior chamber. Furthermore, the swelling behavior of the minitablet is evaluated macroscopically, while the degree of interaction with mucin is characterized by rheological measurements. Calculation of an acceptability score and a slug irritation potential is performed to evaluate user acceptability. In contrast to the hydrated dispersion, the minitablet significantly decreases the Apparent Fluorescein TurnOver (%/min) (P<0.05) and increases the apparent fluorescence in the anterior chamber 9 h after application of the preparation. Rheological data demonstrate the presence of elastic interactions between the polymer and mucin. The dry core of the minitablet becomes fully hydrated after approximately 2 h and is subsequently transformed into a highly concentrated gel. The acceptability of the minitablet is comparable to that of the polymer dispersion. Prolonging the release of Na-fluorescein to the anterior eye segment is only feasible with the dry preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ceulemans
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Langer K, Mutschler E, Lambrecht G, Mayer D, Troschau G, Stieneker F, Kreuter J. Methylmethacrylate sulfopropylmethacrylate copolymer nanoparticles for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang JS. Basic fibroblast growth factor for stimulation of bone formation in osteoinductive or conductive implants. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1996; 269:1-33. [PMID: 8629452 DOI: 10.3109/17453679609155229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) is one of the endogenous factors found in bone matrix. bFGF is a mitogen for many cell types, including osteoblasts and chondrocytes. It can stimulate angiogenesis and osteoblast gene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exogenous bFGF can stimulate the formation of bone in bone grafts and in a bone graft substitute. In a model using demineralized bone matrix implants for bone induction, a dose of 15 ng bFGF per implant increased the number of chondrocytes and the amount of bone, whereas 1900 ng greatly inhibited cartilage and bone formation. These results are consistent with previous studies with this model, showing that a lower dose of bFGF increased bone calcium content and a higher dose reduced it. Thus, exogenous bFGF can stimulate proliferation during early phases of bone induction. A new device, the bone conduction chamber, was developed for the application of bFGF to bone conductive materials. This model made it possible to demonstrate a difference between the conductive properties of bone grafts and porous hydroxyapatite. bFGF increased bone ingrowth into bone graft inside the chamber and showed a biphasic dose-response curve, so that 8-200 ng per implant (0.4-10 ng/mm3) increased bone ingrowth, but higher or lower doses had no effect. The same doses had the same effects in porous hydroxyapatite. In both bone grafts and porous hydroxyapatite, the highest dose still caused an increase in ingrowth of fibrous tissue. The effect on bone ingrowth was first detected after 6 weeks, regardless if administration of bFGF started at implantation or 2 weeks later, using an implanted minipump. Hyaluronate gel was effective as a slow-release carrier for bFGF. In conclusion, bFGF stimulates bone formation in bone implants, depending on dose and method for administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Lund, Sweden
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Evaluation of pilocarpine-loaded albumin particles as controlled drug delivery systems for the eye. II. Co-administration with bioadhesive and viscous polymers. J Control Release 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-3659(94)00059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Prisell PT, Camber O, Hiselius J, Norstedt G. Evaluation of hyaluronan as a vehicle for peptide growth factors. Int J Pharm 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(92)90133-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gandolfi SA, Massari A, Orsoni JG. Low-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1992; 230:20-3. [PMID: 1547962 DOI: 10.1007/bf00166757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A double-blind clinical trial was performed on 26 patients suffering from corneal ulcers of proven (i.e., culture-positive) bacterial etiology. After their recruitment, the subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment protocols: (1) tobramycin (15 mg/ml) in saline applied at 1 drop/h or (2) tobramycin (15 mg/ml) in low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid applied at 1 drop/h. The sample size was adjusted according to a type I error of 0.01 and type a II error of 0.05 for a minimal expected difference of 35%. The healing time was calculated from the beginning of treatment to the day on which a follow-up fluorescein test proved to be negative. The mean healing time (+/- SD) was 3.5 +/- 0.9 days in the sodium hyaluronate group and 5.9 +/- 1.5 days in the saline group (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that treatment with an antibiotic dissolved in low-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate can further shorten the clinical course of a bacterial corneal ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Gandolfi
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università di Parma, Italy
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Saettone M, Giannaccini B, Chetoni P, Torracca M, Monti D. Evaluation of high- and low-molecular-weight fractions of sodium hyaluronate and an ionic complex as adjuvants for topical ophthalmic vehicles containing pilocarpine. Int J Pharm 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(91)90051-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cheeks L, Green K, Stone RP, Riedhammer T. Comparative effects of pilocarpine in different vehicles on pupil diameter in albino rabbits and squirrel monkeys. Curr Eye Res 1989; 8:1251-8. [PMID: 2627795 DOI: 10.3109/02713688909013904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several commercial pilocarpine preparations have been compared for their efficacy of drug delivery as evaluated by changes in pupil diameter, and return to base-line pupil size, in rabbits and squirrel monkeys. Adsorbocarpine, Isoptocarpine, Pilocar, all at 2%, and Pilopine HS gel, 4%, were used. In albino rabbits the order of efficacy, as judged by area under the curve, or maximal pupil diameter change, was Pilopine greater than Isoptocarpine = Adsorbocarpine greater than Pilocar = saline (prepared in this laboratory). In general, greater areas under the curve were associated with greater changes in pupil diameter. Pupil diameter had returned to normal by a maximum of 5 hours after drop instillation. In squirrel monkeys, the maximum pupillary change was statistically (P greater than 0.05) the same for all preparations, as was the percentage change in pupil diameter at 6 hours since pupils were still somewhat constricted at this time after drop instillation. The differences in area under the curve were minor. The greater response in primates compared to rabbits may be due to differences in pigment, intraocular kinetics and a far more active ciliary muscle in primates. Also studied were newly developed, non-surfactant containing, preservative-free polymer- and microparticle-based vehicles. Some of the vehicles, based on cyanoacrylate, modified hyaluronate, anionic copolymers, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, cross-linked gelatin and microparticles showed greater pupillary changes and areas under the curve in rabbits compared to saline vehicle. When compared to commercial preparations in the monkey eye cyanoacrylate block copolymer and modified hyaluronate showed an increase in efficacy. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, anionic copolymer and cross-linked gelatin were equal to the commercial preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cheeks
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta
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