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Gang H, Zuo J, Jia Z, Liu H, Xia W, Xu S, Shen Y, Li Y. Trimester-Specific Urinary Strontium Concentrations during Pregnancy and Longitudinally Assessed Fetal Growth: Findings from a Prospective Cohort. J Nutr 2024; 154:224-232. [PMID: 37984738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have claimed that strontium (Sr) is associated with fetal growth, but the research evidence is insufficient. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to evaluate associations of trimester-specific urinary Sr concentrations with fetal growth parameters and birth size indicators. METHODS In this prospective cohort, 9015 urine samples (first trimester: 3561, 2nd trimester: 2756, 3rd trimester: 2698) from 3810 mothers were measured for urinary Sr levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and adjusted to urine specific gravity. We calculated standard deviation scores (SD-scores) for ultrasound-measured fetal growth parameters (head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight) at 16, 24, 31, and 37 wk of gestation and birth size indicators (birth weight, birth length, and Ponderal index). Generalized linear models and generalized estimating equations models were used. Models were adjusted for potential covariates (gestational age, maternal age, body mass index, parity, passive smoking during pregnancy, education, folic acid supplements use, physical activity, maternal and paternal height, and infant sex). RESULTS Positive associations of naturally logarithm-transformed Sr concentrations with fetal growth parameters and birth size indicators were observed. With each doubling increase in the urinary ln-Sr level in all 3 trimesters resulting in a percent change in SD-scores fetal growth parameters at 24, 31, and 37 wk of gestation and birth size indicators, 5.09%-8.23% in femur length, 7.57%-11.53% in estimated fetal weight, 6.56%-10.42% in abdominal circumference, 6.25% in head circumference, 5.15%-7.85% in birth weight, and 5.71%-9.39% in birth length, respectively. Most of the above statistical results could only be observed in male fetuses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a potential association between Sr concentration and increased fetal growth, but these results and underlying mechanisms need further confirmation and clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Gang
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwen Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenxian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Gynaecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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