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Lian H, Jiang J, Wang Y, Yu X, Zheng R, Long J, Zhou M, Zhou S, Wei C, Zhao A, Gao J. A novel multimeric sCD19-streptavidin fusion protein for functional detection and selective expansion of CD19-targeted CAR-T cells. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2978-2989. [PMID: 35621033 PMCID: PMC9359867 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CARs are engineered receptors comprising an immunoglobulin single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) that identifies and binds to the target antigen, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular T‐cell signaling domain. CD19 is a B lineage‐specific transmembrane glycoprotein and is expressed in more than 95% of B‐cell malignancies. Streptavidin (SA) is a homo‐tetrameric protein derived from Streptomyces avidinii, which can bind four biotin molecules with an extremely high affinity at a Kd value of 10‐15 M. Aims The aim of the study is to generate a novel soluble multimeric fusion protein, sCD19‐streptavidin (sCD19‐SA) for functional detection and selective expansion of CD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells. Methods The fusion proteins CD19‐SA was expressed in CHO cells and purified by use of Ni‐nitrilotriacetic acid agarose beads. Results A novel fusion protein (sCD19‐SA) was generated, consisting of the extracellular domain of human CD19 and the core region of SA, and could be used to functionally detect CD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells. Furthermore, this protein was demonstrated to form multimers to activate CAR‐T cells to induce their selective expansion. Importantly, sCD19‐SA‐stimulated CD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells could improve antitumor effects in vivo. Conclusions Our study has highlighted the potential of utilizing antigen‐SA fusion proteins such as sCD19‐SA for CAR‐T therapy for the functional detection of CAR expression and selective expansion of CAR‐T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lian
- The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Lishui People's Hospital, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengjie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shirong Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Department of Geriatric, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Qixin Biotech, Wenzhou, China
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Animal Models in Bladder Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121762. [PMID: 34944577 PMCID: PMC8698361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (urothelial cancer of the bladder) is the most common malignancy affecting the urinary system with an increasing incidence and mortality. Mouse models of bladder cancer should possess a high value of reproducibility, predictability, and translatability to allow mechanistic, chemo-preventive, and therapeutic studies that can be furthered into human clinical trials. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview and resources on the origin, molecular and pathological characteristics of commonly used animal models in bladder cancer. METHODS A PubMed and Web of Science search was performed for relevant articles published between 1980 and 2021 using words such as: "bladder" and/or "urothelial carcinoma" and animal models. Animal models of bladder cancer can be categorized as autochthonous (spontaneous) and non-autochthonous (transplantable). The first are either chemically induced models or genetically engineered models. The transplantable models can be further subclassified as syngeneic (murine bladder cancer cells implanted into immunocompetent or transgenic mice) and xenografts (human bladder cancer cells implanted into immune-deficient mice). These models can be further divided-based on the site of the tumor-as orthotopic (tumor growth occurs within the bladder) and heterotopic (tumor growth occurs outside of the bladder).
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John BA, Said N. Insights from animal models of bladder cancer: recent advances, challenges, and opportunities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57766-57781. [PMID: 28915710 PMCID: PMC5593682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (urothelial cancer of the bladder) is the most common malignancy affecting the urinary system with increasing incidence and mortality. Treatment of bladder cancer has not advanced in the past 30 years. Therefore, there is a crucial unmet need for novel therapies, especially for high grade/stage disease that can only be achieved by preclinical model systems that faithfully recapitulate the human disease. Animal models are essential elements in bladder cancer research to comprehensively study the multistep cascades of carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis. They allow for the investigation of premalignant phases of the disease that are not clinically encountered. They can be useful for identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for disease progression and for preclinical identification and validation of therapeutic targets/candidates, advancing translation of basic research to clinic. This review summarizes the latest advances in the currently available bladder cancer animal models, their translational potential, merits and demerits, and the prevalent tumor evaluation modalities. Thereby, findings from these model systems would provide valuable information that can help researchers and clinicians utilize the model that best answers their research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bincy Anu John
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Ding J, Xu D, Pan C, Ye M, Kang J, Bai Q, Qi J. Current animal models of bladder cancer: Awareness of translatability (Review). Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:691-699. [PMID: 25120584 PMCID: PMC4113637 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental animal models are crucial in the study of biological behavior and pathological development of cancer, and evaluation of the efficacy of novel therapeutic or preventive agents. A variety of animal models that recapitulate human urothelial cell carcinoma have thus far been established and described, while models generated by novel techniques are emerging. At present a number of reviews on animal models of bladder cancer comprise the introduction of one type of method, as opposed to commenting on and comparing all classifications, with the merits of a certain method being explicit but the shortcomings not fully clarified. Thus the aim of the present study was to provide a summary of the currently available animal models of bladder cancer including transplantable (which could be divided into xenogeneic or syngeneic, heterotopic or orthotopic), carcinogen-induced and genetically engineered models in order to introduce their materials and methods and compare their merits as well as focus on the weaknesses, difficulties in operation, associated problems and translational potential of the respective models. Findings of these models would provide information for authors and clinicians to select an appropriate model or to judge relevant preclinical study findings. Pertinent detection methods are therefore briefly introduced and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chunwu Pan
- Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Bai
- Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Kasman L, Voelkel-Johnson C. An orthotopic bladder cancer model for gene delivery studies. J Vis Exp 2013:50181. [PMID: 24326612 DOI: 10.3791/50181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urogenital tract and novel therapeutic approaches that can reduce recurrence and progression are needed. The tumor microenvironment can significantly influence tumor development and therapy response. It is therefore often desirable to grow tumor cells in the organ from which they originated. This protocol describes an orthotopic model of bladder cancer, in which MB49 murine bladder carcinoma cells are instilled into the bladder via catheterization. Successful tumor cell implantation in this model requires disruption of the protective glycosaminoglycan layer, which can be accomplished by physical or chemical means. In our protocol the bladder is treated with trypsin prior to cell instillation. Catheterization of the bladder can also be used to deliver therapeutics once the tumors are established. This protocol describes the delivery of an adenoviral construct that expresses a luciferase reporter gene. While our protocol has been optimized for short-term studies and focuses on gene delivery, the methodology of mouse bladder catheterization has broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kasman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina
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El-Asrar MA, Adly AA, Ismail EA. Soluble CD40L in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: relation to microvascular complications and glycemic control. Pediatr Diabetes 2012; 13:616-24. [PMID: 22702645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012.00881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40-soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) interactions might constitute an important mediator for vascular inflammation that initiates diabetic microangiopathy. Little is known about the relation between sCD40L and glycemic control. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate sCD40L levels in patients with type 1 diabetes and its relation to microvascular complications and metabolic control. Sixty patients with type 1 diabetes were compared with 30 healthy control subjects. Detailed medical history, thorough clinical examination, and laboratory assessment of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycemic control, and the presence of microvascular complications were performed. Measurement of serum sCD40L levels was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of microvascular complications. Serum sCD40L levels were significantly elevated in patients with type 1 diabetes in both groups compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). Patients with microvascular complications had higher serum sCD40L concentrations than non-complicated cases (median, 13 000 vs. 450 pg/mL; p < 0.001). Serum sCD40L cutoff value of 530 pg/mL was able to differentiate complicated from non-complicated cases (p < 0.001). Patients with microalbuminuria or peripheral neuropathy showed higher levels of sCD40L when compared with patients without these complications (p < 0.05). Serum sCD40L levels were positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c and urinary albumin excretion (p < 0.001). We suggest that serum sCD40L levels are elevated in type 1 diabetes, particularly in patients with microvascular complications and a significant correlation with glycemic control exists. Therefore, measurement of serum sCD40L levels in poorly controlled patients would help to identify those at high risk of developing microvascular complications.
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