1
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Senchukova MA. Genetic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer and the microbiome. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:443-463. [PMID: 37009315 PMCID: PMC10052667 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organization's GLOBOCAN database ranked colorectal cancer (CRC) as the third most common cancer in the world. Most cases of CRC (> 95%) are sporadic and develop from colorectal polyps that can progress to intramucosal carcinoma and CRC. Increasing evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiota can play a key role in the initiation and progression of CRC, as well as in the treatment of CRC, acting as an important metabolic and immunological regulator. Factors that may determine the microbiota role in CRC carcinogenesis include inflammation, changes in intestinal stem cell function, impact of bacterial metabolites on gut mucosa, accumulation of genetic mutations and other factors. In this review, I discuss the major mechanisms of the development of sporadic CRC, provide detailed characteristics of the bacteria that are most often associated with CRC, and analyze the role of the microbiome and microbial metabolites in inflammation initiation, activation of proliferative activity in intestinal epithelial and stem cells, and the development of genetic and epigenetic changes in CRC. I consider long-term studies in this direction to be very important, as they open up new opportunities for the treatment and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Senchukova
- Department of Oncology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
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2
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van den Boom A, Lavrijssen B, Fest J, Ikram M, Stricker B, van Eijck C, Ruiter R. Appendectomy and the subsequent risk of cancer: A prospective population-based cohort study with long follow-up. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 77:102120. [PMID: 35228019 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Leach HJ, Baxter BA, Beale MN, Smith HV, Rao S, Hibbs-Shipp S, Ryan EP. Feasibility of Beans/Bran Enriching Nutritional Eating For Intestinal Health & Cancer Including Activity for Longevity: A Pilot Trial to Improve Healthy Lifestyles among Individuals at High Risk for Colorectal Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420967101. [PMID: 33111581 PMCID: PMC7786415 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420967101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Examine the feasibility and preliminary effects of a lifestyle intervention of rice bran plus navy bean supplementation, and physical activity (PA) education on intake of fiber and whole grains, and PA levels. Design: Randomized-controlled, single-blinded. Setting: Academic institution and free-living. Subjects: Adults >18 years, with ≥1 adenomatous polyp removed within 3 years. Intervention: Participants received powder and pre-prepared meals and snacks that contained either rice bran (30 g/day) plus navy bean (30 g/day), or Fibersol-2® (10 g/day), for 12-weeks. All participants received a 1-hour (PA) education session. Measures: Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and retention rates, and compliance to the study foods and procedures. Three-day food logs were analyzed using Nutritionist Pro™ to estimate fiber intake, and the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24®) Dietary Assessment Tool calculated Healthy Eating Index (HEI) whole grain and total scores. PA was measured using an ActivPAL™ accelerometer. Analysis: Continuous data were summarized as median, range, and percent change from baseline to post-intervention. Results: N = 20 (86.9%) completed the intervention. Compliance was 92% in the rice bran plus navy bean versus 89% in Fibersol-2®. Navy bean consumption increased from 2 g/day to 30 g/day, and rice bran from 0 g/day to 30 g/day. Fiber intake (g/day) increased by 73% versus 82%, HEI whole grain improved by 270% versus 37%, and HEI total improved by 10% versus 9.1% in rice bran plus navy bean and Fibersol-2®, respectively. Total PA (MET-hours/day) showed minimal change for intervention (+0.04%) and control (+4%). Conclusion: Findings merit a larger trial of rice bran plus navy bean and PA to evaluate efficacy for dietary and cancer prevention-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Leach
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, CO, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Bridget A Baxter
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Melanie N Beale
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Hillary V Smith
- Department of Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, CO, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Hibbs-Shipp
- Department of Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, CO, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
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4
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Park JM, Lee WH, Seo H, Oh JY, Lee DY, Kim SJ, Hahm KB. Fecal microbiota changes with fermented kimchi intake regulated either formation or advancement of colon adenoma. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021. [PMID: 33879965 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria might contribute in early stage of colorectal cancer through the development and advancement of colon adenoma, by which exploring either beneficial bacteria, which are decreased in formation or advancement of colon adenoma and harmful bacteria, which are increased in advancement of colon adenoma may result in implementation of dietary interventions or probiotic therapies to functional means for prevention. Korean fermented kimchi is one of representative probiotic food providing beneficiary microbiota and exerting significant inhibitory outcomes in both APC/Min+ polyposis model and colitis-associated cancer. Based on these backgrounds, we performed clinical trial to document the changes of fecal microbiota in 32 volunteers with normal colon, simple adenoma, and advanced colon adenoma with 10 weeks of fermented kimchi intake. Each amplicon is sequenced on MiSeq of Illumina and the sequence reads were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units using VSEARCH and the Chao Indices, an estimator of richness of taxa per individual, were estimated to measure the diversity of each sample. Though significant difference in α or β diversity was not seen between three groups, kimchi intake significantly led to significant diversity of fecal microbiome. After genus analysis, Acinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Clostridium sensu, Turicibacter, Gastronaeophillales, H. pittma were proven to be increased in patients with advanced colon adenoma, whereas Enterococcua Roseburia, Coryobacteriaceau, Bifidobacterium spp., and Akkermansia were proven to be significantly decreased in feces from patients with advanced colon adenoma after kimchi intake. Conclusively, fermented kimchi plentiful of beneficiary microbiota can afford significant inhibition of either formation or advancement of colon adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University School of Oriental Medicine, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | | | | | - Ji Young Oh
- CJ Food Research Center, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Lee
- CJ Food Research Center, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea.,Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
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5
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Park JM, Lee WH, Seo H, Oh JY, Lee DY, Kim SJ, Hahm KB. Fecal microbiota changes with fermented kimchi intake regulated either formation or advancement of colon adenoma. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 68:139-148. [PMID: 33879965 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria might contribute in early stage of colorectal cancer through the development and advancement of colon adenoma, by which exploring either beneficial bacteria, which are decreased in formation or advancement of colon adenoma and harmful bacteria, which are increased in advancement of colon adenoma may result in implementation of dietary interventions or probiotic therapies to functional means for prevention. Korean fermented kimchi is one of representative probiotic food providing beneficiary microbiota and exerting significant inhibitory outcomes in both APC/Min+ polyposis model and colitis-associated cancer. Based on these backgrounds, we performed clinical trial to document the changes of fecal microbiota in 32 volunteers with normal colon, simple adenoma, and advanced colon adenoma with 10 weeks of fermented kimchi intake. Each amplicon is sequenced on MiSeq of Illumina and the sequence reads were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units using VSEARCH and the Chao Indices, an estimator of richness of taxa per individual, were estimated to measure the diversity of each sample. Though significant difference in α or β diversity was not seen between three groups, kimchi intake significantly led to significant diversity of fecal microbiome. After genus analysis, Acinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Clostridium sensu, Turicibacter, Gastronaeophillales, H. pittma were proven to be increased in patients with advanced colon adenoma, whereas Enterococcua Roseburia, Coryobacteriaceau, Bifidobacterium spp., and Akkermansia were proven to be significantly decreased in feces from patients with advanced colon adenoma after kimchi intake. Conclusively, fermented kimchi plentiful of beneficiary microbiota can afford significant inhibition of either formation or advancement of colon adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University School of Oriental Medicine, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | | | | | - Ji Young Oh
- CJ Food Research Center, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Lee
- CJ Food Research Center, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea.,Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
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6
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Li F, Song Z, Li Y, Zhao T. Identification of intestinal flora-related key genes and therapeutic drugs in colorectal cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:172. [PMID: 33198757 PMCID: PMC7670602 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial tumor and a leading cause of cancer-specific deaths worldwide. Recent research has shown that the alteration of intestinal flora contributes to the development of CRC. However, the molecular mechanism by which intestinal flora influences the pathogenesis of CRC remains unclear. This study aims to explore the key genes underlying the effect of intestinal flora on CRC and therapeutic drugs for CRC. METHODS Intestinal flora-related genes were determined using text mining. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CRC and normal samples were identified with the limma package of the R software. Then, the intersection of the two gene sets was selected for enrichment analyses using the tool Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Protein interaction network analysis was performed for identifying the key genes using STRING and Cytoscape. The correlation of the key genes with overall survival of CRC patients was analyzed. Finally, the key genes were queried against the Drug-Gene Interaction database to find drug candidates for treating CRC. RESULTS 518 genes associated with intestinal flora were determined by text mining. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we identified 48 DEGs associated with intestinal flora, including 25 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated DEGs in CRC. The enrichment analyses indicated that the selected genes were mainly involved in cell-cell signaling, immune response, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed with 13 nodes and 35 edges. Moreover, 8 genes in the significant cluster were considered as the key genes and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8) correlated positively with the overall survival of CRC patients. Finally, a total of 24 drugs were predicted as possible drugs for CRC treatment using the Drug-Gene Interaction database. CONCLUSIONS These findings of this study may provide new insights into CRC pathogenesis and treatments. The prediction of drug-gene interaction is of great practical significance for exploring new drugs or novel targets for existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zheyu Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yezhou Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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7
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Watson KM, Gaulke CA, Tsikitis VL. Understanding the microbiome: a primer on the role of the microbiome in colorectal neoplasia. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33:223-236. [PMID: 32382225 PMCID: PMC7196612 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death internationally, with mounting evidence pointing to the role of the microbiome in adenoma and cancer development. This article aims to provide clinicians with a foundation for understanding the field of research into the microbiome. We also illustrate the various ways in which the microbiota have been linked to colorectal cancer, with a specific focus on microbiota with identified virulence factors, and also on the ways that byproducts of microbiota metabolism may result in oncogenesis. We also review strategies for manipulating the microbiome for therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Watson
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (Katherine M. Watson, Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis)
| | | | - Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (Katherine M. Watson, Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis)
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8
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Wang G, Yu Y, Wang YZ, Wang JJ, Guan R, Sun Y, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Role of SCFAs in gut microbiome and glycolysis for colorectal cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17023-17049. [PMID: 30888065 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with altered intestinal microbiota as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reduction of output The energy source of colon cells relies mainly on three SCFAs, namely butyrate (BT), propionate, and acetate, while CRC transformed cells rely mainly on aerobic glycolysis to provide energy. This review summarizes recent research results for dysregulated glucose metabolism of SCFAs, which could be initiated by gut microbiome of CRC. Moreover, the relationship between SCFA transporters and glycolysis, which may correlate with the initiation and progression of CRC, are also discussed. Additionally, this review explores the linkage of BT to transport of SCFAs expressions between normal and cancerous colonocyte cell growth for tumorigenesis inhibition in CRC. Furthermore, the link between gut microbiota and SCFAs in the metabolism of CRC, in addition, the proteins and genes related to SCFAs-mediated signaling pathways, coupled with their correlation with the initiation and progression of CRC are also discussed. Therefore, targeting the SCFA transporters to regulate lactate generation and export of BT, as well as applying SCFAs or gut microbiota and natural compounds for chemoprevention may be clinically useful for CRCs treatment. Future research should focus on the combination these therapeutic agents with metabolic inhibitors to effectively target the tumor SCFAs and regulate the bacterial ecology for activation of potent anticancer effect, which may provide more effective application prospect for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Information Resources Department, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Information Resources Department, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Mandal P. Molecular mechanistic pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis associated with intestinal microbiota. Anaerobe 2018; 49:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Han S, Gao J, Zhou Q, Liu S, Wen C, Yang X. Role of intestinal flora in colorectal cancer from the metabolite perspective: a systematic review. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:199-206. [PMID: 29440929 PMCID: PMC5798565 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s153482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common human malignant tumors. Recent research has shown that colorectal cancer is a dysbacteriosis-induced disease; however, the role of intestinal bacteria in colorectal cancer is unclear. This review explores the role of intestinal flora in colorectal cancer. In total, 57 articles were included after identification and screening. The pertinent literature on floral metabolites in colorectal cancer from three metabolic perspectives - including carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism - was analyzed. An association network regarding the role of intestinal flora from a metabolic perspective was constructed by analyzing the previous literature to provide direction and insight for further research on intestinal flora in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital
| | - Jianlan Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital
| | | | - Caixia Wen
- Medical College of Nursing, Huzhou University
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Intervention and Radiotherapy, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Huang G, Khan I, Li X, Chen L, Leong W, Ho LT, Hsiao WLW. Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in Apc Min/+ mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12552. [PMID: 28970547 PMCID: PMC5624945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. Mucosal immunity remodeled with increased in anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced in pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated mice. All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. Whereas, the abundance of cancer cachexia associated bacteria, such as Dysgonomonas spp. and Helicobacter spp., was profoundly lower in Rb3/Rd-treated mice. In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Waikit Leong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Leung Tsun Ho
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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12
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Byproduct Cross Feeding and Community Stability in an In Silico Biofilm Model of the Gut Microbiome. Processes (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/pr5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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13
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Nakanishi M, Chen Y, Qendro V, Miyamoto S, Weinstock E, Weinstock GM, Rosenberg DW. Effects of Walnut Consumption on Colon Carcinogenesis and Microbial Community Structure. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:692-703. [PMID: 27215566 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Walnuts are composed of a complex array of biologically active constituents with individual cancer-protective properties. Here, we assessed the potential benefit of whole walnut consumption in a mouse tumor bioassay using azoxymethane. In study 1, a modest reduction (1.3-fold) in tumor numbers was observed in mice fed a standard diet (AIN-76A) containing 9.4% walnuts (15% of total fat). In study 2, the effects of walnut supplementation was tested in the Total Western Diet (TWD). There was a significant reduction (2.3-fold; P < 0.02) in tumor numbers in male mice fed TWD containing 7% walnuts (10.5% of total fat). Higher concentrations of walnuts lacked inhibitory effects, particularly in female mice, indicating there may be optimal levels of dietary walnut intake for cancer prevention. Since components of the Mediterranean diet have been shown to affect the gut microbiome, the effects of walnuts were therefore tested in fecal samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Carcinogen treatment reduced the diversity and richness of the gut microbiome, especially in male mice, which exhibited lower variability and greater sensitivity to environmental changes. Analysis of individual operational taxonomic units (OTU) identified specific groups of bacteria associated with carcinogen exposure, walnut consumption, and/or both variables. Correlation analysis also identified specific OTU clades that were strongly associated with the presence and number of tumors. Taken together, our results indicate that walnuts afford partial protection to the colon against a potent carcinogenic insult, and this may be due, in part, to walnut-induced changes to the gut microbiome. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 692-703. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Yanfei Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Veneta Qendro
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Shingo Miyamoto
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Erica Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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14
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Saplacan RMM, Mircea PA, Balacescu L, Balacescu O. MicroRNAs as non-invasive screening biomarkers of colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:453-6. [PMID: 26733742 PMCID: PMC4689235 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-associated deaths in the world. Early detection would be greatly enhanced if accurate and cost-effective diagnostic biomarkers for this disease were accessible. The development of such a blood test will evidently lower the screening costs in regards of colorectal cancer detection. Lately, it has been suggested that microRNA diagnostic biomarkers are feasible new screening methods for colorectal cancer. This review summarizes the diagnostic potential of circulating microRNA biomarkers in relation with colorectal cancer, as well as current methods to detect them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Maria Manzat Saplacan
- Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Medical Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petru Adrian Mircea
- Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Medical Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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