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Othman SS, Saafan A, Al-Halbosiy MMF, Fathy I, Khursheed Alam M, El-Beialy AR, Al-Shmgani HS, Sulaiman GM. Ameliorating orthodontic relapse using laser bio-stimulation and mesenchymal stem cells in rats. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100331. [PMID: 38494247 PMCID: PMC10980849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic relapse is a frequent problem that many patients experience. Although orthodontic therapy has advanced, recurrence rates can still reach 90%. We undertook a study to look at the possibilities of laser bio-stimulation and stem cells because they have showed promising outcomes in lowering recurrence rates. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to analyze the effects of Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) alone and collectively on the rate of orthodontic relapse in rats radiographically and histologically. METHODS Rat maxillary central incisors were moved distally for two weeks. One week later, the incisors were retained. Animals (n = 40) were split into four groups. Control group (C); laser treatment Group (L), Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Group (BMSCs) and combination of Stem cells and laser-irradiation group (BMSCs-L). Removed retainer permitted relapse. Before stem cell application or laser irradiation, each animal underwent two CBCT scans. Rat maxillae were stained with Hx&E, Masson trichrome, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase antibody for histology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS LLLT could reduce the relapse tendency, as shown by increased bone density and enhanced remodeling of hetero-formed periodontal ligament (PDL). Furthermore, the transfer of BMMSCs on the pressure side had positive effects on PDL remodeling and decreased, but did not inhibit, the relapse rate. Finally, the synergistic effects of the application of LLLT and BMMSC were better than the control but still moderate and long-lasting. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on the improved relapse rate as proven in the present study, the Application of both LLLT and stem cells can be adopted to reduce the relapse tendency either lonely or collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer S Othman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Saafan
- Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute for Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Iman Fathy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khursheed Alam
- Professor of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr R El-Beialy
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanady S Al-Shmgani
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Ibn Al-Haitham University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq.
| | - Ghassan M Sulaiman
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
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Wang M, Wang J, Jin X, Liu D, Bian H, Zhao Y, Li Y. Impact of occlusal contact pattern on dental stability and oromandibular system after orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22276. [PMID: 38097596 PMCID: PMC10721791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
How to ensure dental stability in new positions and reduce the likelihood of relapse is a major clinical concern in the orthodontic field. Occlusal contacts between arches may affect the transmission of masticatory forces, thereby influencing the biological response of the periodontal and the oromandibular system. Occlusion factors that may influence the stability after orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remain largely unknown. Hence, this research was conducted in order to investigate the influence of different occlusal contact patterns on tooth stability and oromandibular system including the masseter muscle and the temporomandibular joint following OTM. By modifying the occlusal surfaces, in vivo animal study models with distinct occlusal patterns corresponding to clinical circumstances were established. The relapse distance of teeth and the level of inflammatory factors in the gingival cervical fluid were analyzed. We also closely observed the histological remodeling of periodontal tissue, masseter tissue, and joint tissue after one week of relapse. Moreover, genes expression in the alveolar bone was analyzed to illustrate the potential biological mechanisms of relapse under the influence of different occlusal contact patterns following OTM. Different occlusal contact patterns after OTM in rats were established. The intercuspation contact between cusp and fossa group exhibited the lowest level of relapse movement, inflammatory factors and osteoclast activity (P < 0.05). On the other hand, groups with interferences or inadequate contacts exhibited more relapse movement, and tend to promote inflammation of periodontal tissue and activate bone resorption (P < 0.05). Adequate occlusal contacts without interference may enhance tooth stability and reduce the likelihood of relapse. After active orthodontic treatment, necessary occlusal adjustment should be made to achieve the desired intercuspation contact relationship and ensure adequate contact between the arches. The elimination of occlusal interferences is crucial to achieving optimal stability and promoting overall healthy condition of the oromandibular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dedi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huan Bian
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopedics Implants, Beijing, 100048, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
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3
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Yuan S, Guo D, Liang X, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Xie D. Relaxin in fibrotic ligament diseases: Its regulatory role and mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1131481. [PMID: 37123405 PMCID: PMC10134402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1131481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic ligament diseases (FLDs) are diseases caused by the pathological accumulation of periarticular fibrotic tissue, leading to functional disability around joint and poor life quality. Relaxin (RLX) has been reported to be involved in the development of fibrotic lung and liver diseases. Previous studies have shown that RLX can block pro-fibrotic process by reducing the excess extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and accelerating collagen degradation in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies have shown that RLX can attenuate connective tissue fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β/Smads signaling pathways to inhibit the activation of myofibroblasts. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of RLX in FLDs remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we confirmed the protective effect of RLX in FLDs and summarized its mechanism including cells, key cytokines and signaling pathways involved. In this article, we outline the potential therapeutic role of RLX and look forward to the application of RLX in the clinical translation of FLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhi Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luhui Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Denghui Xie, ; Qun Zhang,
| | - Denghui Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Denghui Xie, ; Qun Zhang,
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4
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Kim KN, Kim JY, Cha JY, Choi SH, Kim J, Cho SW, Hwang CJ. Antifibrotic effects of sulforaphane treatment on gingival elasticity reduces orthodontic relapse after rotational tooth movement in beagle dogs. Korean J Orthod 2020; 50:391-400. [PMID: 33144528 PMCID: PMC7642230 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2020.50.6.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Increased gingival elasticity has been implicated as the cause of relapse following orthodontic rotational tooth movement and approaches to reduce relapse are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis, on gene expression in gingival fibroblasts and relapse after rotational tooth movement in beagle dogs. Methods The lower lateral incisors of five beagle dogs were rotated. SFN or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were injected into the supra-alveolar gingiva of the experimental and control group, respectively, and the effect of SFN on relapse tendency was evaluated. Changes in mRNA expression of extracellular matrix components associated with gingival elasticity in beagles were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Morphology and arrangement of collagen fibers were observed on Masson's trichrome staining of buccal gingival tissues of experimental and control teeth. Results SFN reduced the amount and percentage of relapse of orthodontic rotation. It also decreased the gene expression of lysyl oxidase and increased the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 and MMP 12, compared with DMSO control subjects. Histologically, collagen fiber bundles were arranged irregularly and were not well connected in the SFN-treated group, whereas the fibers extended in parallel and perpendicular directions toward the gingiva and alveolar bone in a more regular and well-ordered arrangement in the DMSO-treated group. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that SFN treatment may be a promising pharmacologic approach to prevent orthodontic rotational relapse caused by increased gingival elasticity of rotated teeth in beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Nim Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jue-Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Cho
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Ju Hwang
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Yang RL, Huang HM, Han CS, Cui SJ, Zhou YK, Zhou YH. Serine Metabolism Controls Dental Pulp Stem Cell Aging by Regulating the DNA Methylation of p16. J Dent Res 2020; 100:90-97. [PMID: 32940141 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520958374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the characteristics and molecular events of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for tissue regeneration with aging, we isolated and analyzed the stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and permanent teeth of young (Y-DPSCs) and old (A-DPSCs) adults. Results showed that the stemness and osteogenic differentiation capacity of DPSCs decreased with aging. The RNA sequencing results showed that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism was one of the most enriched gene clusters among SHED, Y-DPSCs, and A-DPSCs, according to analysis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The expression of serine metabolism-related enzymes phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) and phosphoglycerate (PHGDH) decreased in A-DPSCs and provided less methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) for DNA methylation, leading to the hypomethylation of the senescence marker p16 (CDNK2A). Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation capacity of Y-DPSCs and SHED decreased after PHGDH siRNA treatment, which reduced the level of SAM. Convincingly, the ratios of PSAT1-, PHGDH-, or proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells in the dental pulp of old permanent teeth were less than those in the dental pulp of deciduous teeth and young permanent teeth. In summary, the stemness and differentiation capacity of DPSCs decreased with aging. The decreased serine metabolism in A-DPSCs upregulated the expression of p16 via attenuating its DNA methylation, resulting in DPSC aging. Our finding indicated that serine metabolism and 1 carbon unit participated in stem cell aging, which provided new direction for stem cell aging study and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H M Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - C S Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S J Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y K Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y H Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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6
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Azami N, Chen PJ, Mehta S, Kalajzic Z, Dutra EH, Nanda R, Yadav S. Raloxifene administration enhances retention in an orthodontic relapse model. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:371-377. [PMID: 32065225 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Orthodontic relapse is a physiologic process that involves remodelling of the alveolar bone and principle periodontal ligament fibres. Raloxifene is an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved selective oestrogen receptor modulator that inhibits systemic bone loss. In our study, we examined the effects of Raloxifene on alveolar bone modelling and orthodontic relapse in a rodent model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of raloxifene was evaluated in 15-week-old male Wistar rats, 8 in each group (Control, Raloxifene, Raloxifene + 7-day relapse, Raloxifene + 14-day relapse) for a total of 42 days. All animals had 14 days of orthodontic tooth movement with a closed nickel-titanium coil spring tied from incisors to right first molar applying 5-8 gm of force. On the day of appliance removal, impression was taken with silicon material and the distance between first molar and second molar was filled with light-cured adhesive resin cement for retention phase. Raloxifene Retention, Raloxifene Retention + 7D, Raloxifene Retention + 14D groups received 14 daily doses of raloxifene (2.0 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously after orthodontic tooth movement during retention. After 14 days of retention, the retainer was removed and right first molar was allowed to relapse for a period of 14 days. Raloxifene injection continued for the Raloxifene + 14-day relapse group during relapse phase too. Control group received saline injections during retention. Animals were euthanized by CO2 inhalation. The outcome measure included percentage of relapse, bone volume fraction, tissue density, and histology analysis using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and determining receptor activator of nuclear factor-кB-ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin expression. RESULTS Raloxifene Retention + 14D group had significantly less (P < 0.05) orthodontic relapse when compared with other groups. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in bone volume fraction and tissue density in the Raloxifene Retention + 14D group when compared with other groups. Similarly, there was significant decrease in number of osteoclasts and RANKL expression in Raloxifene Retention + 14D group when compared with Raloxifene Retention + 7D group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Raloxifene could decrease post-orthodontic treatment relapse by decreasing bone resorption and indirectly enhancing bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Azami
- Division of Orthodontics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Division of Orthodontics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shivam Mehta
- Division of Orthodontics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Zana Kalajzic
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Eliane H Dutra
- Division of Orthodontics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ravindra Nanda
- Division of Orthodontics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Division of Orthodontics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Kaklamanos EG, Makrygiannakis MA, Athanasiou AE. Could medications and biologic factors affect post-orthodontic tooth movement changes? A systematic review of animal studies. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 24:39-51. [PMID: 32654394 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immediately after the removal of orthodontic appliances, the teeth might start to drift away from their corrected position in an attempt to reach a new equilibrium. Medications and biologic factors could potentially modulate these processes. The objective of the present systematic review is to systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the evidence regarding the effect of various medications and biologic factors on the rate of relapse following active tooth movement. Search without restrictions in eight databases and hand searching until April 2020 were conducted. Studies performed on animal models investigating the effects of medication and biologic factors on the rate of relapse following orthodontic tooth movement were considered. Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed. Seventeen studies were finally identified, mostly at either high or unclear risk of bias. Ketorolac did not show any significant effects on relapse, while the administration of tetracycline, atorvastatin, psoralen and raloxifene decreased it. Overall, the same result was observed with bisphosphonates with the exception of low dosage of risedronate, which did not have an effect. Osteoprotegerin and strontium resulted in reduced relapse, but not in the immediate post-administration period. Inconsistent or conflicting effects were noted after the use of simvastatin and relaxin. The quality of the available evidence was considered at best as low. It can be concluded that specific medications and biologic factors may have an effect on the rate of relapse following tooth movement. The orthodontist should be knowledgeable about the substances potentially affecting retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Li T, Yan Z, He S, Zhou C, Wang H, Yin X, Zou S, Duan P. Intermittent parathyroid hormone improves orthodontic retention via insulin-like growth factor-1. Oral Dis 2020; 27:290-300. [PMID: 32608117 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) on the stability of orthodontic retention and to explore the possible regulatory role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in this process. METHODS Forty-eight 6-week-old male Wistar rats were adopted in this study. An orthodontic relapsing model was established to investigate the effects of iPTH on orthodontic retention. In vitro, an immortalized mouse cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 was detected by flow cytometry to study the effects of iPTH on cell proliferation and apoptosis. By application of a specific IGF-1 receptor inhibitor, the role of IGF-1 was also explored. RESULTS In vivo study found that daily injection of PTH significantly reduced the relapsing distance. Histological staining and ELISA assay showed faster periodontal regeneration during retention period in PTH group with increased RANKL/OPG ratio and greater amount of OCN, ALP, and IGF-1 in gingival cervical fluid (GCF). Cell experiment revealed that iPTH promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of cementoblast. IGF-1 receptor inhibitor significantly restrained the anabolic effect of iPTH on OCCM-30 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that iPTH could improve the stability of tooth movement by promoting periodontal regeneration. IGF-1 is essential in mediating the anabolic effects of iPTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peipei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Orthodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Li H, Xia L, Wang S, Al-Balaa M, Liu W, Hua X. The expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in the compression area during orthodontic relapse. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:347-354. [PMID: 31298690 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in the compression area during orthodontic relapse in rat molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Wistar rats (6 weeks old) underwent orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the left first maxillary molar for 21 days, followed by removal of the force device. The contralateral maxillary molar served as a control with no mechanical force stimuli. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of relapse after force withdrawal. Tooth relapse and alveolar bone parameters were measured using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Maxilla sections were obtained for haematoxylin and eosin (HE), immunohistochemical staining [EMMPRIN, nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Correlation analyses were then performed. RESULTS After force removal, nearly 79.88% of the total relapse occurred within the initial 3 days. The number of osteoclasts clearly increased while the alveolar bone density decreased on the pressure side on Day 3 of relapse. Moreover, the EMMPRIN expression level significantly increased on Day 1, peaked up on Day 3 and decreased on Days 7 and 14. Statistically, a strong positive correlation was found between EMMRPIN expression and the osteoclast number and RANKL and VEGF expression. CONCLUSION EMMPRIN was highly expressed on the pressure side during the orthodontic tooth relapse, which could be involved in osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption in association with RANKL and VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Lulu Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Maher Al-Balaa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Xianming Hua
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
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Abstract
Indefinite retention is now considered essential to prevent relapse after orthodontic treatment. Compliance with removable retainer wear is suboptimal and appears to decline with time post-treatment. As a result, use of bonded retainers may become more commonplace in the future. In this narrative review, the characteristics of bonded retainers are outlined and a summary of the evidence from randomized clinical trials regarding their effectiveness is provided. Guidance is also offered regarding care and maintenance. CPD/Clinical Relevance: All general dental practitioners (GDPs) should be familiar with types of bonded retainers, evidence relating to their effectiveness and the GDP's role regarding their care and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice J Meade
- Orthodontic Unit, The School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Declan T Millett
- Professor of Orthodontics/Consultant, Orthodontic Unit, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Ireland
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11
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Qi J, Kitaura H, Shen WR, Kishikawa A, Ogawa S, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Nara Y, Mizoguchi I. Establishment of an orthodontic retention mouse model and the effect of anti-c-Fms antibody on orthodontic relapse. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214260. [PMID: 31216288 PMCID: PMC6583981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic relapse after orthodontic treatment is a major clinical issue in the dental field. However, the biological mechanism of orthodontic relapse is still unclear. This study aimed to establish a mouse model of orthodontic retention to examine how retention affects the rate and the amount of orthodontic relapse. We also sought to examine the role of osteoclastogenesis in relapse using an antibody to block the activity of M-CSF, an essential factor of osteoclast formation. Mice were treated with a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring that was fixed between the upper incisors and the upper-left first molar to move the first molar in a mesial direction over 12 days. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: group 1, no retention (G1); group 2, retention for 2 weeks (G2); and group 3, retention for 4 weeks (G3). In G2 and G3, a light-cured resin was placed in the space between the first and second molars as a model of retention. Orthodontic relapse was assessed by measuring changes in the dimensions of the gap created between the first and second molars. To assess the activity and role of osteoclasts, mice in G3 were injected with anti-c-Fms antibody or PBS, and assessed for changes in relapse distance and rate. Overall, we found that a longer retention period was associated with a slower rate of relapse and a shorter overall amount of relapse. In addition, inhibiting osteoclast formation using the anti-c-Fms antibody also reduced orthodontic relapse. These results suggest that M-CSF and/or its receptor could be potential therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of orthodontic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Qi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei-Ren Shen
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Kishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saika Ogawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nara
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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AlSwafeeri H, ElKenany W, Mowafy M, Karam S. Effect of local administration of simvastatin on postorthodontic relapse in a rabbit model. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:861-871. [PMID: 29853244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posttreatment relapse is a major challenging clinical issue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of local administration of simvastatin on posttreatment relapse. METHODS Orthodontic tooth movement was induced in 10 white New Zealand rabbits. After 21 days of active tooth movement, the orthodontic appliances were removed, and the experimental teeth were allowed to relapse for 21 days. During the relapse phase, 1 mandibular quadrant received local simvastatin administration, and the other received the control vehicle solution on a weekly basis. Three-dimensional models of the experimental teeth were created to allow the measurement of experimental tooth movement and posttreatment relapse. The animals were killed at the end of the relapse phase for histomorphometric analysis of alveolar bone remodeling. RESULTS The mean relapse percentages were 75.83% in the quadrant receiving the control vehicle solution and 62.01% in the quadrant receiving simvastatin. Neither the relapse magnitude nor the relapse percentage showed a significant difference between the 2 quadrants. Histomorphometric analyses showed that local simvastatin administration yielded a significant reduction in the area of active bone-resorptive lacunae and a significant increase in newly formed bone area. CONCLUSIONS Although local administration of simvastatin aids in bone remodeling associated with posttreatment relapse by reducing the area of active bone resorption and upregulating bone formation, it did not significantly minimize posttreatment relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani AlSwafeeri
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Walid ElKenany
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mowafy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Sahar Karam
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and arrests tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:872-882. [PMID: 29853245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to their cholesterol-lowering effects, the statin class of drugs appears to enhance osteogenesis and suppress bone resorption, which could be a clinical concern during orthodontic treatment. In this animal study, we aimed to determine whether atorvastatin (ATV) affects orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) through osteoclast inhibition. Furthermore, we analyzed the potential adverse effects of ATV on long-bone turnover and endochondral ossification. METHODS Rats were administered ATV (15 mg/kg) or saline solution via gavage (n = 12 animals/group), starting 2 weeks before initial OTM. Tooth displacement was measured after 7, 14, and 21 days. Histologic sections of the maxilla and femur were obtained after 14 and 21 days of OTM and stained (hematoxylin and eosin; TRAP assay) for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS ATV was associated with significant (P <0.05) reductions in OTM and osteoclast counts. Independently of drug administration, OTM increased the number of osteoclasts and reduced the bone-volume ratio compared with the control maxillae without OTM. Long-term statin administration did not appear to affect femoral endochondral ossification. CONCLUSIONS This experimental study showed that the long-term use of ATV can significantly promote osteoclast inhibition and slow the OTM in the first week in rats. Under physiologic conditions, the drug did not affect bone turnover and endochondral ossification.
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Lee HS, Heo HA, Park SH, Lee W, Pyo SW. Influence of human parathyroid hormone during orthodontic tooth movement and relapse in the osteoporotic rat model: A preliminary study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 21:125-131. [PMID: 29671936 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on tooth movement in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by comparing the tooth movement distance and relapse and by examining the alveolar bone microstructure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty 8-week-old female rats were classified into 3 groups: sham-operated, OVX and ovariectomized rats injected with PTH (PTH). Eight weeks later, a closed-coil spring appliance was placed between the maxillary incisor and the first molar and then activated with 50 cN of force. During tooth movement, 30 μg/kg of PTH was administered 3 times per week in the PTH group. Tooth movement distances were measured weekly. Five rats in each group were killed after 3 weeks for microcomputerized tomographic analysis, and the remaining 5 rats in each group were killed at an additional 3 weeks after the removal of the appliance to measure relapsed distance. RESULTS The OVX group showed significantly greater tooth movement compared to those in the other 2 groups at 2 and 3 weeks (P < .05). The relapse distance and relapse percentage for the OVX group were higher; however, it did not differ significantly from the PTH group. On micro-CT analysis, bone volume/tissue volume ratio and bone mineral density in the PTH group were significantly greater than in the OVX group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Application of PTH did not promote tooth movement in OVX rat, however, did lead to decrease in relapse tendency. Therefore, the application of PTH during orthodontic treatment of patients with osteoporosis should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H A Heo
- Department of Dentistry, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Dentistry, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - W Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S W Pyo
- Department of Dentistry, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Swidi AJ, Taylor RW, Tadlock LP, Buschang PH. Recent Advances in Orthodontic Retention Methods: A Review article. J World Fed Orthod 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Han Y, Wang X, Ma D, Wu X, Yang P, Zhang J. Ipriflavone promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells by activating GPR30/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:137-148. [PMID: 29391778 PMCID: PMC5768194 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s148457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanism of ipriflavone (IP) on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells in vitro and periodontal tissue remodeling following orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in vivo. Materials and methods Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were cultured in vitro and cell counting kit-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, plate clone formation assay, and alizarin red staining were used to test proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. What is more, the expression of ALP, Runx2, and GPR30 was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. To find out if PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was involved in the process, AKT and p-AKT were examined by Western blot. LY294002 (PI3K signaling pathway inhibitor) and small interfering RNA targeting GPR30 mRNA (siGPR30) were used to verify the function of GPR30-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in this process. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomized into 2 groups, the control group with force application and the IP group with force application plus IP. Morphological changes in the periodontal tissue between roots of teeth were investigated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and bone morphogenetic protein-2 was detected to assess bone remodeling by immunohistochemical staining. Results In vitro, 10−7 M IP was selected significantly promoting proliferation, ALP activity, colony forming efficiency, and mineral deposition (P<0.05) on hPDLCs. Gene expressions of ALP, Runx2, GPR30, and p-AKT were all upregulated than the control group (P<0.05). According to the mechanism, promotion of ALP and Runx2 interdicted by LY294002 and siGPR30 reduced the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, HE staining and immunohistochemical staining results showed that the IP group had more new bone formation in the periodontal tissue compared to the control group in vivo. Conclusion IP can promote the expression of ALP and Runx2 which was probably related to the GPR30-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, IP coordination seemed to have the potential to prevent relapsing following OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
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Dolci GS, Portela LV, Onofre de Souza D, Medeiros Fossati AC. Atorvastatin-induced osteoclast inhibition reduces orthodontic relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:528-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Liu Y, Zhang T, Zhang C, Jin S, Yang R, Wang X, Jiang N, Gan Y, Kou X, Zhou Y. Aspirin Blocks Orthodontic Relapse via Inhibition of CD4+ T Lymphocytes. J Dent Res 2017; 96:586-594. [PMID: 28060561 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516685527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologic response plays an important role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and relapse. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, affect immune cells and clinical orthodontic treatment. However, the mechanisms by which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regulate immune cells to affect orthodontic relapse are unclear. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped as relapse and relapse + aspirin for 10 d after 14 d of OTM. Silicone impressions of the rats’ maxillary dentitions were obtained to record the distance of OTM at the indicated time point. CD4+ T lymphocytes in spleen were examined by flow cytometry. Serum levels of type 1 T-helper (Th1) cell–associated cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of aspirin on CD4+ T and Th1 cells were also analyzed in vitro. Aspirin treatment significantly reduced the relapse rate. More interestingly, injection of CD25 neutralizing antibody basiliximab or TNF-α inhibitor etanercept can significantly reduce the relapse rate as well. Correspondingly, aspirin treatment significantly accelerated the decrease of orthodontic force–induced secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum and the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in periodontal ligament during relapse. Furthermore, aspirin treatment in vitro significantly repressed the differentiation of CD4+ T and Th1 cells. Overall, results indicated that aspirin treatment can block orthodontic relapse by regulating Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - T. Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - C. Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S.S. Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - R.L. Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X.D. Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - N. Jiang
- Center Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Y.H. Gan
- Center Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X.X. Kou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y.H. Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Feng L, Yang R, Liu D, Wang X, Song Y, Cao H, He D, Gan Y, Kou X, Zhou Y. PDL Progenitor–Mediated PDL Recovery Contributes to Orthodontic Relapse. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1049-56. [PMID: 27161015 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516648604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) is subjected to mechanical force during physiologic activities. PDL stem/progenitor cells are the main mesenchymal stem cells in PDL. However, how PDL progenitors participate in PDL homeostasis upon and after mechanical force is largely unknown. In this study, force-triggered orthodontic tooth movement and the following relapse were used as models to demonstrate the response of PDL progenitors and their role in PDL remodeling upon and after mechanical force. Upon orthodontic force, PDL collagen on the compression side significantly degraded, showing a broken and disorganized pattern. After force withdrawal, the degraded PDL collagen recovered during the early stage of relapse. Correspondingly, increased CD90+ PDL progenitors with suppressed expression of type I collagen (Col-I) were observed upon orthodontic force, whereas these cells accumulated at the degradation regions and regained Col-I expression after force withdrawal during early relapse. Our results further showed that compressive force altered cell morphology and repressed collagen expression in cultured PDL progenitors, which both recovered after force withdrawal. Force withdrawal–induced recovery of collagen expression in cultured PDL progenitors could be regulated by transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β), a key molecule for tissue homeostasis and extracellular matrix remodeling. More interesting, inhibiting the regained Col-I expression in CD90+ PDL progenitors by blocking TGF-β interrupted PDL collagen recovery and partially inhibited the early relapse. These data suggest that PDL progenitors can respond to mechanical force and may process intrinsic stability to recover to original status after force withdrawal. PDL progenitors with intrinsic stability are required for PDL recovery and consequently contribute to early orthodontic relapse, which can be regulated by TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - R. Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - D. Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H. Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - D. He
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Gan
- Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X. Kou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Antifibrotic Actions of Serelaxin – New Roles for an Old Player. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:485-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Vieira GM, Chaves SB, Ferreira VMM, Freitas KMSD, Amorim RFB. The effect of simvastatin on relapse of tooth movement and bone mineral density in rats measured by a new method using microtomography. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:319-27. [PMID: 26016931 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150050000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of simvastatin on relapse of tooth movement in rats using microtomography (micro CT), as well as the correlation of bone density with the orthodontic relapse. METHODS Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats, divided into two groups, had stainless steel springs installed on left maxillary first molar. The molars were moved for 18 days, and after removing the springs, were applied by oral gavage, 5mg/kg of simvastatin in the experimental group for 20 days. Tooth relapse was assessed with a micro CT scanner, and the images chosen through the Data Viewer software 1.5.0.0 had their measurement guides made and checked by the software Image ProR plus 5.1, and compared by Mann-Whitney test. After rats were sacrificed, bone mineral density was evaluated by micro CT through the software CT Analyzer 1.13 and compared by independent T-test, as well as by Spearman correlation test. RESULTS Relapse and bone mineral density (BMD) was lower in the experimental group than in the control group, however without a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION Simvastatin did not inhibit the relapse of tooth movement in rats, and there was no correlation between bone density and orthodontic relapse.
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Singh S, Simpson RL, Bennett RG. Relaxin activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) through a pathway involving PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α). J Biol Chem 2014; 290:950-9. [PMID: 25389293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin activation of its receptor RXFP1 triggers multiple signaling pathways. Previously, we have shown that relaxin activates PPARγ transcriptional activity in a ligand-independent manner, but the mechanism for this effect was unknown. In this study, we examined the signaling pathways of downstream of RXFP1 leading to PPARγ activation. Using cells stably expressing RXFP1, we found that relaxin regulation of PPARγ activity requires accumulation of cAMP and subsequent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The activated PKA subsequently phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) at Ser-133 to activate it directly, as well as indirectly through mitogen activated protein kinase p38 MAPK. Activated CREB was required for relaxin stimulation of PPARγ activity, while there was no evidence for a role of the nitric oxide or ERK MAPK pathways. Relaxin increased the mRNA and protein levels of the coactivator protein PGC1α, and this effect was dependent on PKA, and was completely abrogated by a dominant-negative form of CREB. This mechanism was confirmed in a hepatic stellate cell line stably that endogenously expresses RXFP1. Reduction of PGC1α levels using siRNA diminished the regulation of PPARγ by relaxin. These results suggest that relaxin activates the cAMP/PKA and p38 MAPK pathways to phosphorylate CREB, resulting in increased PGC1α levels. This provides a mechanism for the ligand-independent activation of PPARγ in response to relaxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Singh
- From the Medical Research Service, The Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 and the Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Ronda L Simpson
- From the Medical Research Service, The Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 and the Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Robert G Bennett
- From the Medical Research Service, The Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 and the Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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Franzen TJ, Zahra SE, El-Kadi A, Vandevska-Radunovic V. The influence of low-level laser on orthodontic relapse in rats. Eur J Orthod 2014; 37:111-7. [PMID: 25287057 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cju053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the tendency of rat molars to relapse following orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MATERIAL AND METHODS Maxillary rat molars were moved mesially for 10 days. Animals were randomly assigned to group I (non-irradiated) or II (irradiation with LLLT). Appliances were removed, and the molars allowed to relapse for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, or 21 days; rats in group II received LLLT according to a protocol. Bone density of periapical alveolar bone was measured using radiographs and Digora software. Dental supporting structures were examined histologically with haematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. RESULTS In both groups, first molar relapse was rapid 1 day after the end of active treatment; by 21 days percentage relapse was measured as 86.11 per cent in group I, and 72.22 per cent in group II. Osteoclast number was highest at the end of active OTM, and thereafter successively decreased during the relapse phase in both groups. Decrease in number, and redistribution of osteoclasts occurred more rapidly in the non-irradiated than the LLLT group. Whilst molar relapse was generally less and osteoclast numbers generally higher in group II compared to group I, the differences were not significant. There was no significant difference in bone density between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that LLLT may reduce the relapse tendency, possibly due in part to bone formation in previous tension areas, and to redistribution of osteoclasts following removal of orthodontic force. The role of LLLT in the prevention of orthodontic relapse requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Franzen
- *Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and
| | - Sherif E Zahra
- Department of Orthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abbadi El-Kadi
- Department of Orthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Yang SY, Kim JW, Lee SY, Kang JH, Ulziisaikhan U, Yoo HI, Moon YH, Moon JS, Ko HM, Kim MS, Kim SH. Upregulation of relaxin receptors in the PDL by biophysical force. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:657-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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