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Chung CC, Lin YK, Chen YC, Kao YH, Lee TI, Chen YJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances profibrotic activities through modulation of calcium homeostasis in human atrial fibroblasts. J Transl Med 2020; 100:285-296. [PMID: 31748680 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pivotal activator of angiogenesis and calcium (Ca2+) signaling in endothelial cells, was shown to increase collagen production in atrial fibroblasts. In this study, we evaluated whether VEGF may regulate Ca2+ homeostasis in atrial fibroblasts and contribute to its profibrogenesis. Migration, and proliferation analyses, patch-clamp assay, Ca2+ fluorescence imaging, and western blotting were performed using VEGF-treated (300 pg/mL or 1000 pg/mL) human atrial fibroblasts with or without coadministration of Ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA, 1 mmol/L), or KN93 (a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II [CaMKII] inhibitor, 10 μmol/L). VEGF (1000 pg/mL) increased migration, myofibroblast differentiation, pro-collagen type I, pro-collagen type III production, and phosphorylated VEGF receptor 1 expression of fibroblasts. VEGF (1000 pg/mL) increased the nonselective cation current (INSC) of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and potassium current of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channels thereby upregulating Ca2+ entry. VEGF upregulated phosphorylated ERK expression. An ERK inhibitor (PD98059, 50 μmol/L) attenuated VEGF-activated INSC of TRP channels. The presence of EGTA attenuated the profibrotic effects of VEGF on pro-collagen type I, pro-collagen type III production, myofibroblast differentiation, and migratory capabilities of fibroblasts. VEGF upregulated the expression of phosphorylated CaMKII in fibroblasts, which was attenuated by EGTA. In addition, KN93 reduced VEGF-increased pro-collagen type I, pro-collagen type III production, myofibroblast differentiation, and the migratory capabilities of fibroblasts. In conclusion, we found that VEGF increases atrial fibroblast activity through CaMKII signaling by enhancing Ca2+ entry. Our findings provide benchside evidence leading to a potential novel strategy targeting atrial myopathy and arrhythmofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Cao X, Luo P, Huang J, Liang C, He J, Wang Z, Shan D, Peng C, Wu S. Intraarticular senescent chondrocytes impair the cartilage regeneration capacity of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:86. [PMID: 30867061 PMCID: PMC6416972 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Senescent cells exert a significant influence over their surrounding cellular environment. Senescent chondrocytes (SnChos) were found to be accumulated in degenerated cartilage present in joints affected by osteoarthritis. The influence of SnChos on exogenously transplanted stem cells has yet to be reported. Methods In this study, we evaluated the interactions between SnChos and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) when co-cultured as well as in the intra-articular senescent microenvironment (IASM). The effect of IASM on cartilage regeneration was also assessed. Results It was found that a small fraction of SnChos induced BMSC cellular senescence and apoptosis. SnChos also inhibited proliferation, facilitated stemness, and suppressed chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. BMSCs induced the apoptosis of SnChos, reduced the proportion of SnChos, stimulated SnChos proliferation, and revealed a bidirectional effect on SnChos inflammaging. IASM significantly suppressed the survival, proliferation, and appropriate differentiation of grafted BMSCs in vivo, all of which impaired cartilage regeneration. Anti-senescence agent ABT-263 was able to partly rescue the cells from the negative effects of SnChos. Conclusions The SnChos and BMSCs interacted with each other at cellular senescence, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and cell functions. This interaction impaired the cartilage repair of MSCs. Anti-senescence agent provided a possible solution for this impairment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1193-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chi Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jinshen He
- Department of Orthopaedics of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zili Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Dongyong Shan
- Department of Oncology of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Ogura T, Tsuchiya A, Minas T, Mizuno S. Optimization of Extracellular Matrix Synthesis and Accumulation by Human Articular Chondrocytes in 3-Dimensional Construct with Repetitive Hydrostatic Pressure. Cartilage 2018; 9:192-201. [PMID: 29262701 PMCID: PMC5871128 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517743546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The effects of hydrostatic pressure (HP) on the matrix synthesis by human articular chondrocytes have been reported elsewhere. In order to optimize the production of extracellular matrix, we aimed to clarify the effects of repetitive HP on metabolic function by human articular chondrocytes. Design The human articular chondrocytes were expanded and embedded within a collagen gel/sponge scaffold. We incubated these constructs with and without HP followed by atmospheric pressure (AP) and repeated the second HP followed by AP over 14 days. Genomic, biochemical, and histological evaluation were performed to compare the effects of each regimen on the constructs. Results The gene expressions of collagen type II and aggrecan core protein were significantly upregulated with repetitive HP regimens compared with a single HP or AP by 14 days ( P < 0.01 or 0.05). Matrix metalloptoteinase-13 (MMP-13) in AP was upregulated significantly compared to other HP regimens at day 14 ( P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-II. Immunohistology demonstrated that application of HP (both repetitive and single) promoted the accumulation of specific extracellular matrix and reduced a MMP-13. A single regimen of HP followed by AP significantly increased the amount of sulfated glycosaminoglycan than that of the AP, whereas repetitive HP remained similar level of that of the AP. Conclusions Repetitive HP had a greater effect on anabolic activity by chondrocytes than a single HP regimen, which will be advantageous for producing a matrix-rich cell construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ogura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital Sports
Medicine Center, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuchiya
- Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital Sports
Medicine Center, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tom Minas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuichi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Shuichi Mizuno, Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA
02115, USA.
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Chung CC, Kao YH, Yao CJ, Lin YK, Chen YJ. A comparison of left and right atrial fibroblasts reveals different collagen production activity and stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:432-445. [PMID: 27875022 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Atrial fibrosis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). The left atrium (LA) experiences greater fibrosis than the right atrium (RA) during HF. It is not clear whether LA cardiac fibroblasts contain distinctive activities that predispose LA to fibrosis. METHODS LA and RA fibrosis were evaluated in healthy and isoproterenol-induced HF Sprague Dawley rats. Rat LA and RA primary isolated fibroblasts were subjected to proliferation assay, oxidative stress assay, cell migration analysis, collagen measurement, cytokine array and Western blot. RESULTS Healthy rat LA and RA had a similar extent of collagen deposition. HF significantly increased fibrosis to a greater severity in LA than in RA. Compared to isolated RA fibroblasts, the in vitro experiments showed that isolated LA fibroblasts had higher oxidative stress and exhibited higher collagen, transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor production and less vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, but had similar migration, myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation activities. VEGF significantly increased the collagen production ability of LA fibroblasts, but not RA fibroblasts. LA fibroblasts had more phosphorylated ERK1/2 and P38 expression. ERK inhibitor (PD98059, 50 μmol L-1 ) significantly attenuated collagen production and increased VEGF production in RA fibroblasts but not in LA fibroblasts. P38 inhibitor (SB203580, 30 μmol L-1 ) significantly attenuated collagen production in LA fibroblasts but not in RA fibroblasts. P38 inhibitor also significantly increased VEGF production in RA and LA fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Differences in profibrotic activity between LA and RA fibroblasts may be caused by different responses to mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.-C. Chung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Wan Fang Hospital; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Y.-H. Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research; Wan Fang Hospital; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - C.-J. Yao
- Cancer Center; Wan Fang Hospital; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Y.-K. Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Wan Fang Hospital; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Y.-J. Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Wan Fang Hospital; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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