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Demuynck B, Flipo J, Kaci N, Dambkowski C, Paull M, Muslimova E, Shah BP, Legeai-Mallet L. Low-dose infigratinib increases bone growth and corrects growth plate abnormalities in an achondroplasia mouse model. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:765-774. [PMID: 38590263 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Achondroplasia (ACH), the most common form of disproportionate short stature, is caused by gain-of-function point mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Abnormally elevated activation of FGFR3 modulates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation via multiple signaling pathways, such as the MAPK pathway. Using a mouse model mimicking ACH (Fgfr3Y367C/+), we have previously shown that daily treatment with infigratinib (BGJ398), a selective and orally bioavailable FGFR1-3 inhibitor, at a dose of 2 mg/kg, significantly increased bone growth. In this study, we investigated the activity of infigratinib administered at substantially lower doses (0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg, given once daily) and using an intermittent dosing regimen (1 mg/kg every 3 days). Following a 15-day treatment period, these low dosages were sufficient to observe significant improvement of clinical hallmarks of ACH such as growth of the axial and appendicular skeleton and skull development. Immunohistological labeling demonstrated the positive impact of infigratinib on chondrocyte differentiation in the cartilage growth plate and the cartilage end plate of the vertebrae. Macroscopic and microcomputed analyses showed enlargement of the foramen magnum area at the skull base, thus improving foramen magnum stenosis, a well-recognized complication in ACH. No changes in FGF23 or phosphorus levels were observed, indicating that the treatment did not modify phosphate homeostasis. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that infigratinib administered at low doses has the potential to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for children with ACH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Demuynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Justine Flipo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nabil Kaci
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Morgan Paull
- QED Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States
| | | | - Bhavik P Shah
- QED Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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Li HZ, Zhang JL, Yuan DL, Xie WQ, Ladel CH, Mobasheri A, Li YS. Role of signaling pathways in age-related orthopedic diseases: focus on the fibroblast growth factor family. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:40. [PMID: 38902808 PMCID: PMC11191355 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling encompasses a multitude of functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and patterning. FGFs and their receptors (FGFR) are crucial for adult tissue repair processes. Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage, bone loss, muscle reduction, and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis (OA), intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), osteoporosis (OP), and sarcopenia. In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically, FGF1, FGF2, FGF8, FGF9, FGF18, FGF21, and FGF23 regulate the synthesis, catabolism, and ossification of cartilage tissue. Additionally, the dysregulation of FGFR expression (FGFR1 and FGFR3) promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation. In OP and sarcopenia, endocrine-derived FGFs (FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23) modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues. FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles. A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration. Moreover, an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified, such as FGF9, FGF18, and FGF23. However, it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage, and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered. Presently, this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases. Besides, current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Zhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jing-Lve Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dong-Liang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central, South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508, GA, the Netherlands.
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Lin YW, Kao HJ, Chen WT, Kao CF, Wu JY, Chen YT, Lee YC. Cell-based screen identifies porphyrins as FGFR3 activity inhibitors with therapeutic potential for achondroplasia and cancer. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171257. [PMID: 37824212 PMCID: PMC10721322 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactive fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) signaling drives pathogenesis in a variety of cancers and a spectrum of short-limbed bone dysplasias, including the most common form of human dwarfism, achondroplasia (ACH). Targeting FGFR3 activity holds great promise as a therapeutic approach for treatment of these diseases. Here, we established a receptor/adaptor translocation assay system that can specifically monitor FGFR3 activation, and we applied it to identify FGFR3 modulators from complex natural mixtures. An FGFR3-suppressing plant extract of Amaranthus viridis was identified from the screen, and 2 bioactive porphyrins, pheophorbide a (Pa) and pyropheophorbide a, were sequentially isolated from the extract and functionally characterized. Further analysis showed that Pa reduced excessive FGFR3 signaling by decreasing its half-life in FGFR3-overactivated multiple myeloma cells and chondrocytes. In an ex vivo culture system, Pa alleviated defective long bone growth in humanized ACH mice (FGFR3ACH mice). Overall, our study presents an approach to discovery and validation of plant extracts or drug candidates that target FGFR3 activation. The compounds identified by this approach may have applications as therapeutics for FGFR3-associated cancers and skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Jung Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fu Kao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wixmerten A, Miot S, Bittorf P, Wolf F, Feliciano S, Hackenberg S, Häusner S, Krenger W, Haug M, Martin I, Pullig O, Barbero A. Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant change of raw material in the manufacturing process of a clinically used advanced therapy medicinal product-a comparability study. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:548-558. [PMID: 36894437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of medicinal products often continues throughout the different phases of a clinical study and may require challenging changes in raw and starting materials at later stages. Comparability between the product properties pre- and post-change thus needs to be ensured. Here, we describe and validate the regulatory compliant change of a raw material using the example of a nasal chondrocyte tissue-engineered cartilage (N-TEC) product, initially developed for treatment of confined knee cartilage lesions. Scaling up the size of N-TEC as required for the treatment of larger osteoarthritis defects required the substitution of autologous serum with a clinical-grade human platelet lysate (hPL) to achieve greater cell numbers necessary for the manufacturing of larger size grafts. A risk-based approach was performed to fulfill regulatory requirements and demonstrate comparability of the products manufactured with the standard process (autologous serum) already applied in clinical indications and the modified process (hPL). Critical attributes with regard to quality, purity, efficacy, safety and stability of the product as well as associated test methods and acceptance criteria were defined. Results showed that hPL added during the expansion phase of nasal chondrocytes enhances proliferation rate, population doublings and cell numbers at passage 2 without promoting the overgrowth of potentially contaminant perichondrial cells. N-TEC generated with the modified versus standard process contained similar content of DNA and cartilaginous matrix proteins with even greater expression levels of chondrogenic genes. The increased risk for tumorigenicity potentially associated with the use of hPL was assessed through karyotyping of chondrocytes at passage 4, revealing no chromosomal changes. Moreover, the shelf-life of N-TEC established for the standard process could be confirmed with the modified process. In conclusion, we demonstrated the introduction of hPL in the manufacturing process of a tissue engineered product, already used in a late-stage clinical trial. Based on this study, the national competent authorities in Switzerland and Germany accepted the modified process which is now applied for ongoing clinical tests of N-TEC. The described activities can thus be taken as a paradigm for successful and regulatory compliant demonstration of comparability in advanced therapy medicinal products manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Wixmerten
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Miot
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bittorf
- Fraunhofer ISC - Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Francine Wolf
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Feliciano
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Häusner
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Krenger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Haug
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Pullig
- Fraunhofer ISC - Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Kim HY, Ko JM. Clinical management and emerging therapies of FGFR3-related skeletal dysplasia in childhood. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 27:90-97. [PMID: 35793999 PMCID: PMC9260370 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2244114.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasia is a diverse group of disorders that affect bone development and morphology. Currently, approximately 461 different genetic skeletal disorders have been identified, with over 430 causative genes. Among these, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)-related skeletal dysplasia is a relatively common subgroup of skeletal dysplasia. Pediatric endocrinologists may encounter a suspected case of skeletal dysplasia in their practice, especially when evaluating children with short stature. Early and accurate diagnosis of FGFR3-related skeletal dysplasia is essential for timely management of complications and genetic counseling. This review summarizes 5 representative and distinct entities of skeletal dysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in FGFR3 and discusses emerging therapies for FGFR3-related skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Jung Min Ko Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu Daehak-ro 101, Seoul 03080, Korea
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7
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Sun X, Zhang R, Chen H, Du X, Chen S, Huang J, Liu M, Xu M, Luo F, Jin M, Su N, Qi H, Yang J, Tan Q, Zhang D, Ni Z, Liang S, Zhang B, Chen D, Zhang X, Luo L, Chen L, Xie Y. Fgfr3 mutation disrupts chondrogenesis and bone ossification in zebrafish model mimicking CATSHL syndrome partially via enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Theranostics 2020; 10:7111-7130. [PMID: 32641982 PMCID: PMC7330844 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CATSHL syndrome, characterized by camptodactyly, tall stature and hearing loss, is caused by loss-of-function mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptors 3 (FGFR3) gene. Most manifestations of patients with CATSHL syndrome start to develop in the embryonic stage, such as skeletal overgrowth, craniofacial abnormalities, however, the pathogenesis of these phenotypes especially the early maldevelopment remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, there are no effective therapeutic targets for this skeleton dysplasia. Methods: We generated fgfr3 knockout zebrafish by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to study the developmental mechanisms and therapeutic targets of CATSHL syndrome. Several zebrafish transgenic lines labeling osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and live Alizarin red staining were used to analyze the dynamical skeleton development in fgfr3 mutants. Western blotting, whole mount in situ hybridization, Edu labeling based cell proliferation assay and Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist were used to explore the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Results: We found that fgfr3 mutant zebrafish, staring from early development stage, showed craniofacial bone malformation with microcephaly and delayed closure of cranial sutures, chondroma-like lesion and abnormal development of auditory sensory organs, partially resembling the clinical manifestations of patients with CATSHL syndrome. Further studies showed that fgfr3 regulates the patterning and shaping of pharyngeal arches and the timely ossification of craniofacial skeleton. The abnormal development of pharyngeal arch cartilage is related to the augmented hypertrophy and disordered arrangement of chondrocytes, while decreased proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts may be involved in the delayed maturation of skull bones. Furthermore, we revealed that deficiency of fgfr3 leads to enhanced IHH signaling and up-regulated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin could partially alleviate the phenotypes of fgfr3 mutants. Conclusions: Our study further reveals some novel phenotypes and underlying developmental mechanism of CATSHL syndrome, which deepens our understanding of the pathogenesis of CATSHL and the role of fgfr3 in skeleton development. Our findings provide evidence that modulation of Wnt/β-catenin activity could be a potential therapy for CATSHL syndrome and related skeleton diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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Marzin P, Cormier-Daire V. New perspectives on the treatment of skeletal dysplasia. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820904016. [PMID: 32166011 PMCID: PMC7054735 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820904016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have been marked by the identification of numerous genes implicated in genetic disorders, helping in the elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology of these conditions. This has allowed new therapeutic approaches to emerge such as cellular therapy, gene therapy, or pharmacological therapy for various conditions. Skeletal dysplasias are good models to illustrate these scientific advances. Indeed, several therapeutic strategies are currently being investigated in osteogenesis imperfecta; there are ongoing clinical trials based on pharmacological approaches, targeting signaling pathways in achondroplasia and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva or the endoplasmic reticulum stress in metaphyseal dysplasia type Schmid or pseudoachondroplasia. Moreover, the treatment of hypophosphatasia or Morquio A disease illustrates the efficacy of enzyme drug replacement. To provide a highly specialized multidisciplinary approach, these treatments are managed by reference centers. The emergence of treatments in skeletal dysplasia provides new perspectives on the prognosis of these severe conditions and may change prenatal counseling in these diseases over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Marzin
- Clinical Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris
Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, IMAGINE Institute, Necker Enfants
Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Clinical Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris
Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, IMAGINE Institute, Necker Enfants
Malades Hospital, 149 rue de sevres, Paris, 75015, France
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9
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Abstract
Achondroplasia is the most common of the skeletal dysplasias that result in marked short stature (dwarfism). Although its clinical and radiologic phenotype has been described for more than 50 years, there is still a great deal to be learned about the medical issues that arise secondary to this diagnosis, the manner in which these are best diagnosed and addressed, and whether preventive strategies can ameliorate the problems that can compromise the health and well being of affected individuals. This review provides both an updated discussion of the care needs of those with achondroplasia and an exploration of the limits of evidence that is available regarding care recommendations, controversies that are currently present, and the many areas of ignorance that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Pauli
- Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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10
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Montone R, Romanelli MG, Baruzzi A, Ferrarini F, Liboi E, Lievens PMJ. Mutant FGFR3 associated with SADDAN disease causes cytoskeleton disorganization through PLCγ1/Src-mediated paxillin hyperphosphorylation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:17-26. [PMID: 29242050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
K650M/E substitutions in the Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) are associated with Severe Achondroplasia with Developmental Delay and Acanthosis Nigricans (SADDAN) and Thanatophoric Dysplasia type II (TDII), respectively. Both SADDAN and TDII present with affected endochondral ossification marked by impaired chondrocyte functions and growth plate disorganization. In vitro, K650M/E substitutions confer FGFR3 constitutive kinase activity leading to impaired biosynthesis and accumulation of immature receptors in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi. From those compartments, both SADDAN-FGFR3 and TDII-FGFR3 receptors engender uncontrolled signalling, activating PLCγ1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 3 and 5 (STAT1/3/5) and ERK1/2 effectors. Here, we investigated the impact of SADDAN-FGFR3 and TDII-FGFR3 signalling on cytoskeletal organization. We report that SADDAN-FGFR3, but not TDII-FGFR3, affects F-actin organization by inducing tyrosine hyperphosphorylation of paxillin, a key regulator of focal adhesions and actin dynamics. Paxillin phosphorylation was upregulated at tyrosine 118, a functional target of Src and FAK kinases. By using Src-deficient cells and a Src kinase inhibitor, we established a role played by Src activation in paxillin hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, we found that SADDAN-FGFR3 induced FAK phosphorylation at tyrosines 576/577, suggesting its involvement as a Src co-activator in paxillin phosphorylation. Interestingly, paxillin hyperphosphorylation by SADDAN-FGFR3 caused paxillin mislocalization and partial co-localization with the mutant receptor. Finally, the SADDAN-FGFR3 double mutant unable to bind PLCγ1 failed to promote paxillin hyperphosphorylation, pointing to PLCγ1 as an early player in mediating paxillin alterations. Overall, our findings contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanism leading to cell dysfunctions caused by SADDAN-FGFR3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Montone
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - M G Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - A Baruzzi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - F Ferrarini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - E Liboi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - P M-J Lievens
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy.
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11
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Molecular therapeutic strategies for FGFR3 gene-related skeletal dysplasia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1303-1313. [PMID: 29063142 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The FGFR3 gene encodes fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 protein, a negative regulator of chondrogenesis. Gain-of-function mutations result in constitutively activated FGFR3, leading to aberrant signal transduction, and accounting for inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Generally, these pathogenic mutations maintain FGFR3 in an active state and cause diverse phenotypes in patients with skeletal dysplasia. For decades, studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms of constitutively activated FGFR3 and relevant therapeutic strategies. By modulating the FGFR3-induced signalling pathway with methods such as blocking binding between ligands and receptors, blocking tyrosine kinase activities, or antagonising the FGFR3 downstream signalling pathway, these strategies offer the possibility to ameliorate FGFR3 gene-related skeletal dysplasia phenotypes. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of potential therapeutic targets and underlying regulators and then systematically review molecular therapeutic strategies for FGFR3 gene-related skeletal dysplasia based on current knowledge.
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12
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Basit S, Khoshhal KI. Genetics of clubfoot; recent progress and future perspectives. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 61:107-113. [PMID: 28919208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clubfoot or talipes equinovarus (TEV) is an inborn three-dimensional deformity of leg, ankle and foot. It results from structural defects of several tissues of foot and lower leg leading to abnormal positioning of foot and ankle joints. TEV can lead to long-lasting functional disability, malformation and discomfort if left untreated. Substantial progress has been achieved in the management and diagnosis of limb defects; however, not much is known about the molecular players and signalling pathways underlying TEV disorder. The homeostasis and development of the limb depends on the complex interactions between the lateral plate mesoderm cells and outer ectoderm. These complex interactions include HOX signalling and PITX1-TBX4 pathways. The susceptibility to develop TEV is determined by a number of environmental and genetic factors, although the nature and level of interplay between them remains unclear. Familial occurrence and inter and intra phenotypic variability of TEV is well documented. Variants in genes that code for contractile proteins of skeletal myofibers might play a role in the aetiology of TEV but, to date, no strong candidate genes conferring increased risk have emerged, although variants in TBX4, PITX1, HOXA, HOXC and HOXD clusters genes, NAT2 and others have been shown to be associated with TEV. The mechanisms by which variants in these genes confer risk and the nature of the physical and genetic interaction between them remains to be determined. Elucidation of genetic players and cellular pathways underlying TEV will certainly increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of this deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulman Basit
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid I Khoshhal
- College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Fradet A, Fitzgerald J. INPPL1 gene mutations in opsismodysplasia. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:135-140. [PMID: 27708270 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The INPPL1 (inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1) gene encodes the inositol phosphatase, SHIP2 (for src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase 2). SHIP2 functions to dephosphorylate, and negatively regulate, the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)P3. SHIP2 has been well studied in the area of insulin resistance and obesity but has roles in cancer and other disorders. Recently, it was reported that mutations in INPPL1 cause opsismodysplasia, a rare, autosomal recessive severe skeletal dysplasia. This review focuses on the mutations associated with opsismodysplasia and explores the role of INPPL1/ SHIP2 in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Fradet
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jamie Fitzgerald
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital System, Detroit, MI, USA
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14
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Biosse Duplan M, Komla-Ebri D, Heuzé Y, Estibals V, Gaudas E, Kaci N, Benoist-Lasselin C, Zerah M, Kramer I, Kneissel M, Porta DG, Di Rocco F, Legeai-Mallet L. Meckel's and condylar cartilages anomalies in achondroplasia result in defective development and growth of the mandible. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2997-3010. [PMID: 27260401 PMCID: PMC5181594 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating FGFR3 mutations in human result in achondroplasia (ACH), the most frequent form of dwarfism, where cartilages are severely disturbed causing long bones, cranial base and vertebrae defects. Because mandibular development and growth rely on cartilages that guide or directly participate to the ossification process, we investigated the impact of FGFR3 mutations on mandibular shape, size and position. By using CT scan imaging of ACH children and by analyzing Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice, a model of ACH, we show that FGFR3 gain-of-function mutations lead to structural anomalies of primary (Meckel’s) and secondary (condylar) cartilages of the mandible, resulting in mandibular hypoplasia and dysmorphogenesis. These defects are likely related to a defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation and pan-FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor NVP-BGJ398 corrects Meckel’s and condylar cartilages defects ex vivo. Moreover, we show that low dose of NVP-BGJ398 improves in vivo condyle growth and corrects dysmorphologies in Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice, suggesting that postnatal treatment with NVP-BGJ398 mice might offer a new therapeutic strategy to improve mandible anomalies in ACH and others FGFR3-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Biosse Duplan
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Bretonneau, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Davide Komla-Ebri
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Yann Heuzé
- UMR5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Archaeological Sciences Cluster Of Excellence, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Valentin Estibals
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Gaudas
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Nabil Kaci
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | | | - Michel Zerah
- Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique, Unité de Chirurgie Craniofaciale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ina Kramer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Federico Di Rocco
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique, Unité de Chirurgie Craniofaciale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France .,Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
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15
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Zhang H, Liu P, Wang S, Liu C, Jani P, Lu Y, Qin C. Transgenic expression of dentin phosphoprotein inhibits skeletal development. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2587. [PMID: 26972716 PMCID: PMC4800252 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is proteolytically processed into an NH2-terminal fragment called dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and a COOH-terminal fragment known as dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). These two fragments are believed to perform distinct roles in formation of bone and dentin. To investigate the functions of DPP in skeletal development, we generated transgenic mice to overexpress hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged DPP under the control of a 3.6 kb type I collagen (Col1a1) promoter (designated as Col1a1-HA-DPP). The Col1a1-HA-DPP transgenic mice were significantly smaller by weight, had smaller skeletons and shorter long bones than their wild type littermates, as demonstrated by X-ray radiography. They displayed reduced trabecular bone formation and narrower zones of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plates of the long bones. Histological analyses showed that the transgenic mice had reduced cell proliferation in the proliferating zone, but lacked obvious defects in the chondrocyte differentiation. In addition, the transgenic mice with a high level of transgene expression developed spontaneous long bone fractures. In conclusion, overexpressing DPP inhibited skeletal development, suggesting that the balanced actions between the NH2- and COOH-terminal fragments of DSPP may be required for normal skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry.
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Zhong L, Huang X, Karperien M, Post JN. The Regulatory Role of Signaling Crosstalk in Hypertrophy of MSCs and Human Articular Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19225-47. [PMID: 26287176 PMCID: PMC4581295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes is a main barrier in application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage repair. In addition, hypertrophy occurs occasionally in osteoarthritis (OA). Here we provide a comprehensive review on recent literature describing signal pathways in the hypertrophy of MSCs-derived in vitro differentiated chondrocytes and chondrocytes, with an emphasis on the crosstalk between these pathways. Insight into the exact regulation of hypertrophy by the signaling network is necessary for the efficient application of MSCs for articular cartilage repair and for developing novel strategies for curing OA. We focus on articles describing the role of the main signaling pathways in regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy-like changes. Most studies report hypertrophic differentiation in chondrogenesis of MSCs, in both human OA and experimental OA. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is not under the strict control of a single pathway but appears to be regulated by an intricately regulated network of multiple signaling pathways, such as WNT, Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (IHH), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Insulin like growth factor (IGF) and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). This comprehensive review describes how this intricate signaling network influences tissue-engineering applications of MSCs in articular cartilage (AC) repair, and improves understanding of the disease stages and cellular responses within an OA articular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine N Post
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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