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Alanazi H, Zhang Y, Fatunbi J, Luu T, Kwak-Kim J. The impact of reproductive hormones on T cell immunity; normal and assisted reproductive cycles. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104295. [PMID: 39053203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
During pregnancy, a unique immune milieu is established systemically and locally at the maternal-fetal interface. While preparing for embryonic implantation, endometrial effectors significantly change their proportions and function, which are synchronized with hormonal changes. During assisted reproductive technology cycles, various cytokines, chemokines, and immune factors dynamically change with the altered receptor expressions on the immune effectors. Thus, the hormonal regulation of immune effectors is critical to maintaining the immune milieu. In this review, hormonal effects on T cell subsets are reviewed. Sex hormones affect T cell ontogeny and development, consequently affecting their functions. Like other T cell subsets, CD4+ T helper (Th) cells are modulated by estrogen, where low estrogen concentration promotes Th1-driven cell-mediated immunity in the uterus and in vitro by enhancing IFN-γ production, while a high estrogen level decreases it. The abundance and differentiation of T regulatory (Treg) cells are controlled by estrogen, inducing Treg expansion. Conversely, progesterone maintains immune homeostasis by balancing Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immunity, leading to maternal-fetal tolerance. Therefore, the understanding of the hormonal impact on various T cell subsets during the reproductive cycles is critical to improving reproductive outcomes in women with recurrent pregnancy losses, repeated implantation failures, and undergoing assisted reproductive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallah Alanazi
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA; IVF and Reproductive Endocrinology Department, Women's Health Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Joy Fatunbi
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA
| | - Than Luu
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA.
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Sallam MY, El-Gowilly SM, El-Mas MM. Androgenic modulation of arterial baroreceptor dysfunction and neuroinflammation in endotoxic male rats. Brain Res 2021; 1756:147330. [PMID: 33539800 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic neuropathy contributes to cardiovascular derangements induced by endotoxemia. In this communication, we tested the hypothesis that androgenic hormones improve arterial baroreflex dysfunction and predisposing neuroinflammatory response caused by endotoxemia in male rats. Baroreflex curves relating changes in heart rate to increases or decreases in blood pressure evoked by phenylephrine (PE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively, were constructed in conscious sham-operated, castrated, and testosterone-replaced castrated rats treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg i.v.). Slopes of baroreflex curves were taken as measures of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In sham rats, LPS significantly reduced reflex bradycardia (BRSPE) and tachycardia (BRSSNP) and increased immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in heart and brainstem neurons of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). The baroreflex depressant effect of LPS was maintained in castrated rats despite the remarkably attenuated inflammatory response. Testosterone replacement of castrated rats counteracted LPS-evoked BRSPE, but not BRSSNP, depression and increased cardiac, but not neuronal, NFκB expression. We also evaluated whether LPS responses could be affected following pharmacologic inhibition of androgenic biosynthetic pathways. Whereas none of LPS effects were altered in rats pretreated with formestane (aromatase inhibitor) or finasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor), the LPS-evoked BRSPE, but not BRSSNP, depression and cardiac and neuronal inflammation disappeared in rats pretreated with degarelix (gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor blocker). Overall, despite the seemingly provocative role for the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the neuroinflammatory and baroreflex depressant effects of LPS, testosterone appears to distinctly modulate the two LPS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Y Sallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar M El-Gowilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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Takeuchi T, Tanaka Y, Higashitani C, Iwai M, Komatsu K, Akazawa R, Lademacher C. A phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of the oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, ASP1707, in postmenopausal female patients with rheumatoid arthritis taking methotrexate. Mod Rheumatol 2020; 31:53-60. [PMID: 32075475 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1733214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not able to achieve long-term disease remission. This phase 2a study (NCT02884635) evaluated the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the novel, oral, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, ASP1707, in combination with methotrexate (MTX) for treatment of RA. METHODS Postmenopausal women with RA who had been receiving MTX for ≥90 days were randomized to ASP1707 30 mg twice daily or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) response rate at week 12. Secondary endpoints included: ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 response rates; disease activity score (DAS)28-CRP; DAS28-ESR; Tender or Swollen Joint Counts; and remission rates. RESULTS Of 105 patients screened, 72 were randomized to ASP1707 30 mg twice daily (n = 37) or placebo (n = 35). ASP1707 did not improve ACR20, ACR50, or ACR70 response rates at any time point and did not improve any secondary efficacy endpoint. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration decreased >90% in >90% of patients receiving ASP1707, with a rapid decrease to <1 IU/L at week 1 that remained stable throughout the treatment. CONCLUSION In the current study, ASP1707 did not demonstrate a clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Iwai
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanji Komatsu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rio Akazawa
- Data Science, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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Klil-Drori AJ, Santella C, Tascilar K, Yin H, Aprikian A, Azoulay L. Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Drug Saf 2019; 42:1005-1011. [PMID: 31240687 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-019-00847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two recent observational studies have investigated the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but generated discrepant findings and had important methodological limitations. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether the use of ADT is associated with an increased risk of RA in men with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study using the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. The cohort included all men, at least 40 years of age, newly diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1 January 1988 and 31 March 2014, with follow-up until 30 September 2014. Exposure to ADT was treated as a time-varying variable and lagged by 1 year to account for diagnostic delays and latency. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of RA, comparing use of ADT with non-use. Secondary analyses were conducted to assess whether the association varied according to ADT type and cumulative duration of use. Finally, we conducted several sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our findings. RESULTS The cohort included 32,302 men followed for a median of 3.3 years. During follow-up, 63 patients were newly diagnosed with RA, generating an incidence rate of 46.5/100,000 person-years. Compared with non-use, the use of ADT was not associated with an increased risk of RA (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.49-1.45). In secondary analyses, the association did not vary according to ADT type or with cumulative duration of use (p trend = 0.53). The results remained consistent in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION In this population-based study, the use of ADT was not associated with an increased risk of RA in men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi J Klil-Drori
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine, H-425.1, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Christina Santella
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine, H-425.1, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Koray Tascilar
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine, H-425.1, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui Yin
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine, H-425.1, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Armen Aprikian
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine, H-425.1, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Cetrorelix and Triptorelin active immunization influences follicle development and receptor expressions of ovaries in mice. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kåss A, Hollan I, Fagerland MW, Gulseth HC, Torjesen PA, Førre ØT. Rapid Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonism in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with High Gonadotropin Levels in the AGRA Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139439. [PMID: 26460564 PMCID: PMC4603957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and pituitary gonadotropins, which appear to be proinflammatory, undergo profound secretory changes during events associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) onset, flares, or improvement e.g. menopausal transition, postpartum, or pregnancy. Potential anti-inflammatory effects of GnRH-antagonists may be most pronounced in patients with high GnRH and gonadotropin levels. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy and safety of a GnRH-antagonist, cetrorelix, in RA patients with high gonadotropin levels. Methods We report intention-to-treat post hoc analyses among patients with high gonadotropin levels (N = 53), i.e. gonadotropin levels>median, from our proof-of-concept, double-blind AGRA-study (N = 99). Patients with active longstanding RA, randomized to subcutaneous cetrorelix (5mg days1–2; 3mg days 3–5) or placebo, were followed through day 15. Only predefined primary and secondary endpoints were analyzed. Results The primary endpoint, Disease Activity Score of 28-joint counts with C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), improved with cetrorelix compared with placebo by day 5 (-1.0 vs. -0.4, P = 0∙010). By day 5, more patients on cetrorelix achieved at least a 20% improvement in the American College of Rheumatology scale (44% vs. 19%, P = 0.049), DAS28-CRP≤3.2 (24% vs. 0%, P = 0.012), and European League against Rheumatism ‘Good-responses’ (19% vs. 0%, P = 0.026). Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, and CRP decreased with cetrorelix (P = 0.045, P = 0.034, P = 0.020 and P = 0.042 respectively) compared with placebo by day 15. Adverse event rates were similar between groups. Conclusions GnRH-antagonism produced rapid anti-inflammatory effects in RA patients with high gonadotropin levels. GnRH should be investigated further in RA. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00667758
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kåss
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Betanien Hospital, Skien, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Department of Rheumatology, Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Øystein Torleiv Førre
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Chen R, Qu H, Guo S, Ducheyne P. The design and synthesis of a soluble composite silica xerogel and the short-time release of proteins. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3141-3149. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01622j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The controlled release of large molecules (such as proteins) in a very short time (several days) was achieved through the co-hydrolysis and co-condensation of different precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
- Department of Bioengineering
| | - Haibo Qu
- Department of Bioengineering
- Center for Bioactive Materials and Tissue Engineering
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Paul Ducheyne
- Department of Bioengineering
- Center for Bioactive Materials and Tissue Engineering
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
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