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Nemec P, Pavkova-Goldbergova M, Gatterova J, Fojtik Z, Vasku A, Soucek M. Association of the −1082 G/A promoter polymorphism of interleukin-10 gene with the autoantibodies production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 28:899-905. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-009-1168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Nemec P, Pavkova-Goldbergova M, Gatterova J, Vasku A, Soucek M. Association of the 5A/6A promoter polymorphism of the MMP-3 gene with the radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1110:166-76. [PMID: 17911432 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1423.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases have been involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA patients synovial fluid and serum include enhanced levels of MMP-3. The 5A/6A polymorphism in the MMP-3 gene promoter can contribute to the severity of RA on account of a higher promoter activity of the 5A allele in vitro. The aim of the study was to associate the 5A/6A polymorphism of the MMP-3 gene with radiographic progression of RA. A total of 128 RA patients according to the ACR criteria were available for the study. Radiographs of both hands, obtained from all RA patients, were scored using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde method and the Steinbrocker method. The total Sharp score (TSS) and the annual radiographic progression rate (TSS/year) were calculated. Significant association with the 5A/6A polymorphism was found between patients with TSS/year <or= 1.00 and those with TSS/year > 1.00 in allelic frequencies (Pa = 0.046) and also in genotype distribution (Pg = 0.04). Compared to other genotypes the prevalence of 5A/5A genotype was lower within patients with TSS/year <or= 1.00 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.85; P = 0.01). Also, in comparison to genotypes 5A/6A and 5A/5A, the prevalence of 6A/6A genotype was higher within patients with nonerosive RA (OR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.03-6.83, P = 0.02). Results obtained in this study provide the evidence of an association of the 5A/6A promoter polymorphism of the MMP-3 gene to the radiographic progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Nemec
- Rheumatology Division, Second Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekavská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Lin TH. Predicting the MHC-peptide affinity using some interactive-type molecular descriptors and QSAR models. Methods Mol Biol 2007; 409:247-260. [PMID: 18450005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-118-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ligand-receptor interaction between some peptidomimetic inhibitors and a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide presenting molecule, the HLA-DR4 receptor, can be modeled using some 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods such as the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and some molecular descriptors using the Cerius2 program. The structures of these peptidomimetic inhibitors can be generated theoretically, and the conformations used in the 3D QSAR studies can be defined by aligning them against the known structure of HLA-DR4 receptor through a least-square fitting procedure. The best CoMFA models can be constructed using the aligned structures of the best fitting result. The principal components analysis (PCA) module of the Cerius2 program can be used to trim outliers of the CoMFA columns generated. Procedures for a direct QSAR analysis using the Cerius2 descriptors and regression analysis by the genetic function module are also presented
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Affiliation(s)
- Thy-Hou Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Wei HY, Tsai KC, Lin TH. Modeling Ligand−Receptor Interaction for Some MHC Class II HLA-DR4 Peptide Mimetic Inhibitors Using Several Molecular Docking and 3D QSAR Techniques. J Chem Inf Model 2005; 45:1343-51. [PMID: 16180911 DOI: 10.1021/ci050140y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ligand-receptor interaction between some peptidomimetic inhibitors and a class II MHC peptide presenting molecule, the HLA-DR4 receptor, was modeled using some three-dimensional (3D) quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods such as the Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA), Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA), and a pharmacophore building method, the Catalyst program. The structures of these peptidomimetic inhibitors were generated theoretically, and the conformations used in the 3D QSAR studies were defined by docking them into the known structure of HLA-DR4 receptor through the GOLD, GLIDE Rigidly, GLIDE Flexible, and Xscore programs. Some of the parameters used in these docking programs were selected by docking an X-ray ligand into the receptor and comparing the root-means-square difference (RMSD) computed between the coordinates of the X-ray and docked structure. However, the goodness of a docking result for docking a series of peptidomimetic inhibitors into the HLA-DR4 receptor was judged by comparing the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient computed between each docking result and the activity data taken from the literature. The best CoMFA and CoMSIA models were constructed using the aligned structures of the best docking result. The CoMSIA was conducted in a stepwise manner to identify some important molecular features that were further employed in a pharmacophore building process by the Catalyst program. It was found that most inhibitors of the training set were accurately predicted by the best pharmacophore model, the Hypo1 hypothesis constructed. The deviation or conflict found between the actual and predicted activities of some inhibitors of both the training and the test sets were also investigated by mapping the Hypo1 hypothesis onto the corresponding structures of the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yuan Wei
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Alsaeid K, Alawadhi A, Al-Saeed O, Haider MZ. Human leukocyte antigen DRB1*04 is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Kuwaiti patients. Joint Bone Spine 2005; 73:62-5. [PMID: 16226480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 12/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, complex autoimmune disease known to be associated with inheritance of certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR alleles in different populations. This study investigated the association of DRB1 alleles in Kuwaiti patients with RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS DRB1 alleles were analyzed in 47 Kuwaiti patients and 70 ethnically matched controls using a DNA-based sequence specific primer (SSP) method. RESULTS The frequency of DRB1*04 allele was higher in patients compared to the controls (P < 0.012). The association with of HLA-DRB1*04 allele in our patients with RA was accounted for mainly by the seropositive group of patients (P < 0.05). Moreover, five patients were homozygous for DRB1*4 compared to none in the controls. None of the other DRB1 alleles tested was significantly higher in the patients. All patients homozygous for the DRB1*04 allele were females. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of DRB1*04 allele in patients classified according to presence of erosive disease or extra-articular manifestations. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that in Kuwaiti patients, RA is associated with the presence of DRB1*04 allele. The lack of association with severity or the phenotype of RA is not surprising since this is a hospital-based study where patients tend to have a more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alsaeid
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat.
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Gorman JD, David-Vaudey E, Pai M, Lum RF, Criswell LA. Particular HLA-DRB1 shared epitope genotypes are strongly associated with rheumatoid vasculitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:3476-84. [PMID: 15529352 DOI: 10.1002/art.20588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) to rheumatoid vasculitis, using individual patient data (IPD) meta-analytic methods. METHODS Published studies that enrolled adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were identified by searches of Medline and Embase, and by manual searches of medical journals. All authors were contacted for IPD. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the association of SE presence, dose, and genotype with rheumatoid vasculitis. RESULTS A total of 14 studies and 1,568 patients (129 with vasculitis) were included in the analysis. RA patients with vasculitis were significantly more likely to have rheumatoid nodules (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.5-3.9], but there was no significant association with male sex, rheumatoid factor positivity, or erosive disease. No significant association was observed between the presence of the SE (i.e., 1 or 2 alleles versus 0 alleles) and rheumatoid vasculitis (summary OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.7-2.7). Analysis by SE genotype, however, demonstrated a striking relationship of vasculitis to 3 genotypes containing a double dose of the SE, specifically HLA-DRB1*0401/*0401 (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.01-37.9), *0401/*0404 (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1-16.2), and *0101/*0401 (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.4-11.6). CONCLUSION The HLA-DRB1 SE genotypes *0401/*0401, *0401/*0404, and *0101/*0401 may be of particular importance to rheumatoid vasculitis. It is hoped that additional investigation of these and other SE genotypes will lead to improved insight into the mechanisms influencing the clinical expression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Gorman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California-San Francisco, 374 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0500, USA
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Antibodies against the CB10 fragment of type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2004; 6:R477-83. [PMID: 15380047 PMCID: PMC546284 DOI: 10.1186/ar1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against intact type II collagen (CII) are a feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but have limited diagnostic value. Here we assess whether either of the two major cyanogen bromide fragments of CII, namely CB10 or CB11, are more sensitive substrates for the detection of antibodies in RA. Cleavage of bovine CII with cyanogen bromide yielded CB10 and CB11; these were purified by column chromatography for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum antibodies were measured in patients with RA, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), osteoarthritis (OA) and blood donors. Results were compared with those using intact CII. Antibodies against CB10 were found in as many as 88% of 96 patients with long-standing RA, but only 12% of 33 patients with PsA, 6% of 34 patients with OA and 3% of 93 control sera. Lower frequencies for these diseases were obtained on testing for antibodies against CB11: 50%, 6%, 21% and 2%, respectively. The sensitivity of detection in RA of antibodies against CB10 compared with antibodies against intact CII (88% versus 24%) was not at the expense of specificity, which remained high at 94%. The much higher frequency of antibodies against CB10 in RA than in other rheumatic diseases or control sera indicates that CB10 is clearly a more sensitive substrate than the intact collagen molecule and, combined with other assays (rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti-CCP]), might comprise a panel with a highly reliable predictive value. Moreover, our findings should encourage renewed interest in the role of collagen autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Gorman JD, Lum RF, Chen JJ, Suarez-Almazor ME, Thomson G, Criswell LA. Impact of shared epitope genotype and ethnicity on erosive disease: a meta-analysis of 3,240 rheumatoid arthritis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:400-12. [PMID: 14872482 DOI: 10.1002/art.20006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The strongest known genetic association in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is with HLA-DRB1 alleles that share a similar amino acid sequence, termed the shared epitope (SE). Although many studies have examined the association of the SE with disease severity, the results have been inconsistent, which may reflect the relatively small sample sizes or ethnic differences. The aim of this study was to assess the association of HLA-DRB1 SE alleles and genotype with the development of bony erosions in RA by meta-analysis. METHODS We identified English-language articles published between January 1, 1987 and June 1, 1999 through Medline, EMBase, and manual searches of 6 relevant journals. Included were studies in which molecular typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles was performed and in which the presence or absence of bony erosions was reported. Data were extracted from the studies, and erosions were coded as present or absent. Authors were contacted for missing information and data on individual patients. RESULTS A total of 29 studies and 3,240 patients were available for analysis. The summary odds ratios (ORs), when all patients were evaluated as a single group, demonstrated a significant association of the presence of the SE (2 or 1 versus 0 SE alleles) with erosions (OR 2.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.8-2.2), although significant heterogeneity was present (P = 0.002). Subgroup analyses demonstrated the important influence of ethnic background. For example, no association of the SE with erosions was demonstrated in Greeks (OR 0.8 [95% CI 0.2-1.5]). In contrast, there was a striking dose-dependent relationship in southern European Caucasians and Asians, with ORs as high as 6.2 and 5.4, respectively, in patients with 2 SE alleles. Although our ability to assess the relationship between SE genotype and erosions was limited, particular importance of the DRB1*0401 SE allele was suggested in an analysis restricted to northern European Caucasians. CONCLUSION The SE is associated with the development of erosive disease in many ethnic groups; however, striking exceptions exist. These variations may be due to allele differences between populations, such as the frequency of DRB1*0401 among different ethnic groups. Further study to better understand the genetic and environmental differences between these populations may provide insight into mechanisms that influence the clinical expression of RA.
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Kinikli G, Ateş A, Turgay M, Akay G, Kinikli S, Tokgöz G. HLA-DRB1 genes and disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis in Turkey. Scand J Rheumatol 2004; 32:277-80. [PMID: 14690140 DOI: 10.1080/03009740310003901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB alleles, implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is found to be different in various ethnic groups. This study aimed to investigate DRB1 alleles in RA patients in Turkey, and to examine the effect of these alleles on disease severity. METHODS We performed PCR-based DRBI genotyping of 104 RA patients recruited from clinical settings and 110 healthy controls. HLA DRB1 alleles frequencies in RA patients and healthy controls were determined. Phenotype frequencies of patients and controls were compared. Disease severity was assessed by radiological erosion, presence of extra-articular involvement, and functional index. RESULTS Significant differences were in the frequencies of DRB1*04 (46.2% versus 20.9%, p < 0.001), DRB1*0401 (10.6% versus 0%, p < 0.001), DRB1*0405 (8.7% versus 0%, p = 0.001), DRB1* 0404 (15.4% versus 3.6%, p < 0.01), DRB1*01 (21.2% versus 10.9%, p < 0.05) and DRB1*0101 (16.3% versus 5.5%, p = 0.01) between RA patients and controls. HLA-DRB1 alleles did not show any association with seropositivity, extra-articular involvement, radiological erosion, or functional index. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the HLA-DRB1 alleles, particularly HLA-DRB1*04 and subtypes, were associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kinikli
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Gorman JD, David-Vaudey E, Pai M, Lum RF, Criswell LA. Lack of association of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope with rheumatoid nodules: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 3,272 Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:753-62. [PMID: 15022316 DOI: 10.1002/art.20119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was to examine the relationship of rheumatoid nodules to the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and to individual SE genotypes. METHODS English-language studies that enrolled adult non-Hispanic Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were identified by searches of Medline and Embase, and by manual searches of medical journals. All authors were contacted for IPD. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of SE presence, dose, and genotype with rheumatoid nodules. Meta-analyses adjusted for disease duration and cumulative meta-analyses were also performed to assess the influence of RA duration and year of study publication on the results. RESULTS A total of 24 studies and 3,272 patients were available for analysis. IPD were obtained for 22 of the studies. There was a nonsignificant association between the presence of the SE (i.e., 1 or 2 alleles versus 0 alleles) and rheumatoid nodules (summary odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.97-1.6). Analysis by SE genotype, however, demonstrated a weak relationship with inheritance of a single DRB1*0401 SE allele (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.8). No other genotypes achieved statistical significance in the adjusted or unadjusted analyses. CONCLUSION The presence of the HLA-DRB1 SE does not appear to significantly increase the risk of rheumatoid nodules among Caucasian patients with RA. Analysis by DRB1 SE genotype was uninformative, suggesting only a potential (and at most modest) role of the DRB1*0401 SE allele. Results from this IPD meta-analysis implicate other genetic, stochastic, and/or environmental factors in the susceptibility to rheumatoid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Gorman
- University of California, San Francisco, and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
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Verbruggen LA, Versaen H, Rebmann V, Duquet W, De Cock S, Grosse-Wilde H, Demanet C. Soluble HLA-DR levels in serum are associated with therapy and genetic factors in rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:758-64. [PMID: 12175730 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an HLA-DR associated autoimmune disease and soluble HLA-DR (sHLA-DR) molecules have the capacity to regulate the immune response, we studied the sHLA-DR levels in RA patients in view of therapy modalities and clinical and biologic parameters of disease activity. For this sHLA-DR concentrations from 87 RA patients were determined by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) format. There was a weak but significant correlation between sHLA-DR levels and disease activity (r 0.186 to 0.287, p < 0.004 to < 0.001). The mean serum sHLA were not significantly different between groups with or without corticosteroids, or undergoing therapy with different disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. However, patients treated with a combination of methotrexate and prednisolone have lower sHLA-DR (206 +/- 21 ng/ml, n = 34) compared with the mean value for all other samples (306 +/- 16, n = 217, p < 0.001). This corresponded with significantly lower EULAR pain and swelling scores, ESR and rheumatoid factor (RF) by latex fixation (p < 0.02 to 0.001) in the former, compared with the latter group. Furthermore, sHLA-DR was, respectively, 267 +/- 15 ng/ml (n = 182) in samples from patients treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and 358 +/- 31 (n = 72) without NSAIDs (p < 0.01). Lower sHLA-DR with NSAIDs contrasted with significantly higher scores for pain, swelling, CRP, and RF by latex fixation and by Waaler-Rose test (p < 0.05 to 0.001). Comparison of subgroups with or without the shared epitope of RA disease (Q)R/KRAA within the HLA-DR beta1-chain confirmed significantly higher parameters of disease activity and sHLA-DR in the presence of this disease associated epitope in our patients. Different mechanisms appear to be involved in sHLA-DR production or release, as their level correlates positively with disease activity under combined therapy with corticosteroids and methotrexate, but decreases with higher disease activity in patients treated with NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Verbruggen
- From the Rheumatology Unit, Academical Hospital VUB, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
After two decades of research involving thousands of RA patients, it is still not possible to precisely define the relation of HLA-DRB1 SE alleles to RA severity. Improvements in our understanding require more careful consideration of several factors such as ethnicity, gender, and the specific SE allele and genotype inherited. Large studies of heterogeneous groups of patients are required and indicate the need for collaborative efforts among researchers. In the interim, meta-analysis of the existing literature may provide some insight, because it allows utilization of the tremendous amount of research already completed. A preliminary meta-analysis highlighted the significant heterogeneity among the existing literature, and a more ambitious meta-analysis that uses individual patient-level data is currently ongoing. Profound implications exist for determination of the precise relationship between the SE and RA severity. This information could be valuable in identifying patients at greater risk of severe complications or as a stratification variable for clinical trials. Moreover, patients genetically predisposed to severe disease may benefit from early initiation of more aggressive therapy. Ultimately, clarification of the role of the SE may be valuable for the development of specific therapies directed toward DRB1 and related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Gorman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Moxley G, Cohen HJ. Genetic studies, clinical heterogeneity, and disease outcome studies in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002; 28:39-58. [PMID: 11840697 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-857x(03)00068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
HLA haplotypes influence various clinical RA features considered to reflect severity in case-control and cohort studies. Of particular note is the fact that HLA generally influences the development of erosive and sometimes seropositive and nodular disease; in prospective studies, it noticeably affects joint surgical intervention. These are valuable clues indicating that HLA influences RA severity and chronicity. Nevertheless, HLA influences are generally weak enough so as to require large study subject numbers for detection. As a result, HLA genotyping has restricted usefulness for prediction of clinical severity in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moxley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Verbruggen LA, Dumarey N, Van de Velde H, Rebmann V, Flament J, Van Wayenberge C, Grosse-Wilde H, Demanet C. Soluble HLA-DR antigen levels in serum correlate with rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and the presence of disease-associated epitopes. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2000; 56:436-40. [PMID: 11144291 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.560506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated correlations between soluble HLA-DR (sHLA-DR) molecules and several clinical, biological and genetic parameters associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity. Serum sHLA-DR concentrations were determined in 146 samples from 89 RA patients by an ELISA format, using an antibody combination of mouse and rat monoclonal anti-human HLA-DR antibodies. The mean sHLA-DR serum level in RA patients was significantly increased with 277+/-19 ng/ml compared to 142+/-13 ng/ml of 80 healthy controls (P<0.001). In ascending order of significance, correlations were found between serum sHLA-DR and EULAR swelling and pain scores, Waaler-Rose, RA factor, ESR and CRP (P=0.025 to P<0.001). High sHLA-DR levels were defined above 374 ng/ml that was the 95% confidence interval of the controls. Thirty-seven blood samples (25%) in 31 RA patients were above this level. The EULAR pain and swelling scores, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and RA factor were higher (P=0.044 to P<0.001) at the moment of high sHLA-DR concentrations, compared to the lower concentrations. Higher disease activity was further found in groups of RA patients respectively heterozygous or homozygous for the disease-associated epitope (Q)R/KRAA within the HLA-DRB1 chain, compared to the group without this epitope (P<0.017 for part of the results). Likewise, sHLA-DR was respectively 169+/-17 (no disease associated epitope), 324+/-34 (heterozygous) and 442+/-69 ng/ml (homozygous for the disease-associated epitope on HLA-DRB1 alleles) (P<0.017). In conclusion, this study shows significant correlations between serum sHLA-DR levels and RA disease activity parameters, as well as increased sHLA-DR in patients with disease-associated epitope on HLA-DRB1 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Verbruggen
- Rheumatology Unit, Academical Hospital, Free University Brussels, Belgium.
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Cordain L, Toohey L, Smith MJ, Hickey MS. Modulation of immune function by dietary lectins in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Nutr 2000; 83:207-17. [PMID: 10884708 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114500000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite the almost universal clinical observation that inflammation of the gut is frequently associated with inflammation of the joints and vice versa, the nature of this relationship remains elusive. In the present review, we provide evidence for how the interaction of dietary lectins with enterocytes and lymphocytes may facilitate the translocation of both dietary and gut-derived pathogenic antigens to peripheral tissues, which in turn causes persistent peripheral antigenic stimulation. In genetically susceptible individuals, this antigenic stimulation may ultimately result in the expression of overt rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via molecular mimicry, a process whereby foreign peptides, similar in structure to endogenous peptides, may cause antibodies or T-lymphocytes to cross-react with both foreign and endogenous peptides and thereby break immunological tolerance. By eliminating dietary elements, particularly lectins, which adversely influence both enterocyte and lymphocyte structure and function, it is proposed that the peripheral antigenic stimulus (both pathogenic and dietary) will be reduced and thereby result in a diminution of disease symptoms in certain patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cordain
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
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Cook AD, Stockman A, Brand CA, Tait BD, Mackay IR, Muirden KD, Bernard CC, Rowley MJ. Antibodies to type II collagen and HLA disease susceptibility markers in rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1999; 42:2569-76. [PMID: 10616002 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2569::aid-anr9>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To seek associations between antibodies to native and denatured type II collagen (NCII and DCII) and HLA in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS One hundred fourteen patients with clinically well-defined RA were HLA-DR and DQ typed. Those who were DR4 positive were subtyped for DRB1*0401-*0408 alleles by polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Antibodies to human NCII and DCII (heat-denatured) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The frequency of HLA alleles was compared in patients grouped according to the presence and absence of antibodies to NCII and DCII. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients (24%) were positive for antibodies to NCII. There was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DR7 in anti-NCII-positive patients compared with anti-NCII-negative patients (30% versus 9%; P = 0.019) and a significant decrease in HLA-DR3 (7% versus 28%; P = 0.044). Repeating the analyses after excluding the 16 patients who were DR7 positive revealed a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DR1 in anti-NCII-positive patients compared with anti-NCII-negative patients (63% versus 27%; P = 0.045). Moreover, antibodies to NCII were associated with the third hypervariability region susceptibility sequence QRRAA that is present in DRB1*0101, *0404, *0405, and *0408 (84% versus 47%; P = 0.0085); 24 of 27 anti-NCII-positive patients were positive for either DR7, DR1, or DRB1*0404 or *0408. Thirty patients (26%) were positive for antibodies to DCII. There was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DR3 in anti-DCII-positive patients compared with anti-DCII-negative patients (40% versus 18%; P = 0.028). CONCLUSION The genetic associations between HLA-DR alleles and antibodies to CII in RA patients is in keeping with the collagen-induced arthritis model and implicates autoimmunity to CII as a major component in the multifactorial pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Cook
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Cucchi-Mouillot P, Amoros JP, Genetet B, Haras D. The HLA-DRB1 QR/KRAA sequence cannot alone explain the rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in the Corsican population. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1999; 42:2015-7. [PMID: 10513823 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199909)42:9<2015::aid-anr33>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Czerwony G, Alten R, Gromnica-Ihle E, Hagemann D, Reuter U, Sörensen H, Müller B. Differential surface expression of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB4 among peripheral blood cells of DR4 positive individuals. Hum Immunol 1999; 60:1-9. [PMID: 9952022 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(98)00096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the functional consequences of differential expression of MHC class II molecules prompted us to examine the surface expression of HLA class II molecules on fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Differential regulation of DR4 and DRB4 was shown for peripheral blood monocytes. In addition, DR4 expression is upregulated on B cells of patients suffering from chronic inflammation and is reduced under prednisolone-treatment. The expression levels of total DR molecules on a given cell type are almost identical comparing different haplotypes among non-RA controls, suggesting that the alpha-chain determines the level of surface expression. The present findings fit the hypothesis that the differential expression of HLA class II molecules is involved in regulation of the immune response and may thus contribute to determining susceptibility to immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Czerwony
- Deutsches Rheuma ForschungsZentrum, Berlin, Germany
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Hasunuma T, Kato T, Kobata T, Nishioka K. Molecular mechanism of immune response, synovial proliferation and apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1998; 20:41-52. [PMID: 9836368 DOI: 10.1007/bf00831998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Hasunuma
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
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Verbruggen LA, Rebmann V, Demanet C, De Cock S, Grosse-Wilde H. Actions of human interleukin-4/B-cell stimulatory factor-1 on proliferation and differentiation of enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells in culture. Blood 1990; 67:561-7. [PMID: 16916651 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of recombinant human interleukin-4 (IL-4) on colony formation by enriched hematopoietic progenitors. IL-4 alone did not support colony formation at all. When IL-4 was combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), the number of pure neutrophil colonies increased three times over that supported by G-CSF alone. IL-4 added 5 days after the addition of G-CSF failed to exert this synergistic effect, indicating that IL-4 acts on the early stage of proliferation. The mapping experiments (sequential observation of colony formation) have clearly shown that IL-4 did not initiate progenitor cell proliferation. Based on these data, IL-4 may possess a direct action on progenitor cells; however, it can only act as a costimulant with G-CSF. In contrast, IL-4 had possible inhibitory effects on macrophage colony formation supported by interleukin-3 (IL-3) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). In other words, IL-4 may induce progenitor cells to become sensitive to G-CSF and thereby induce neutrophil differentiation. Delayed addition experiments demonstrated that human IL-4, unlike murine IL-4, could support neither proliferation nor survival of erythroid burst or mixed colony forming cells. Neutrophil colony forming cells only survived and recovered after addition of G-CSF and erythropoietin on day 5 of incubation. On the other hand, IL-3 supported neutrophil, erythroid burst, and mixed colony forming cells as reported previously (Sonoda et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 85:4360, 1988). These results led us to propose that IL-4 possibly acts with more mature progenitor cells than those of IL-3 or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Verbruggen
- Rheumatology Unit, Academical Hospital Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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