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Lewandowski A, Siedlaczek M, Piekorz Z, Kryst Ł. "Secular trends (2001-2020) in physical fitness as a health component in physiotherapy students from Bydgoszcz (Poland)". Sci Rep 2024; 14:11490. [PMID: 38769441 PMCID: PMC11106290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess changes in the components of physical fitness that are conducive to the health of young people surveyed between 2001 and 2020. Hypotheses were formulated about an increase in the thickness of skinfolds, especially among women, the deterioration of the results of fitness tests and the lack of conditioning of the examined changes with socioeconomic factors. Every year, physiotherapy students at the Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland) were examined for body height and mass, skinfold thickness, flexibility, static strength, abdominal muscle strength, functional strength and endurance. The results were obtained from 1161 female students and 464 male students. Similar trends were observed for most of the studied characteristics in people of both sexes. In male students, secular trends towards a decrease in the thickness of biceps skinfolds (R2 = 0.455, p = 0.002) and lower leg skinfolds (R2 = 0.314, p = 0.015) were found. In female students, secular trends towards an increase in the body mass (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.003), a decrease in the thickness of skinfolds over the biceps (R2 = 0.477, p = 0.001) and decreased flexibility (R2 = 0.283, p = 0.023) were found. Male sex and the thickness of suprailiac skinfolds were frequent predictors of the, assessed motor abilities and socioeconomic factors did not significantly affect their maintenance. The obtained results, except for a few secular trend examples of the somatic features (male student's age and calf skinfold, female student's body mass, male and female student's biceps skinfold) and flexibility in women, showed their stability and the lack of conditioning by social factors and by the fitness test. Attention to the appropriate level of the observed components is justified, especially in light of the identified trend that showed their deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Lewandowski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, ul. Świetojańska 20, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Siedlaczek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Piekorz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
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Obesity Prevention Environment: Is it Time to Empower Educators and Remobilize Schools in the Post-COVID-19 Period? PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.5334/paah.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Lewitt MS, Baker JS. Relationship between abdominal adiposity, cardiovascular fitness, and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in British adolescents. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:634-644. [PMID: 33308814 PMCID: PMC7749262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puberty is a critical time in the development of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between measures of adiposity, cardiovascular fitness, and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents. METHODS In a cross-sectional study design, 129 girls and 95 boys aged 12.9-14.4 years at various stages of puberty were included, along with their mothers (n = 217) and fathers (n = 207). Anthropometric assessments of adiposity were made, along with cardiovascular physical fitness, using the 20-m shuttle run test, and biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk, including glucose, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. RESULTS Waist-to-height ratio values were similar in boys and girls and correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and CRP concentrations, and inversely with cardiovascular fitness scores. Skinfold thickness measurements were higher in girls. High-molecular-weight adiponectin concentrations were lower in boys than girls, particularly in late puberty, and CRP levels were higher. Cardiovascular fitness, maternal body mass index (BMI), and paternal BMI contributed independently to the variance in waist measurements in girls and boys. Gender, triceps skinfold thickness, and weight-to-height ratio, but not parental BMI, contributed independently to the variance in cardiovascular fitness. CONCLUSION There is a relationship between measures of adolescent adiposity and parental weight that involves factors other than cardiovascular fitness. Adolescent boys have relatively more abdominal fat than girls and a tendency to have a proinflammatory profile of biomarkers. These observations suggest that family and social environmental interventions are best undertaken earlier in childhood, particularly among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S Lewitt
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Julien S Baker
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire G72 0LH, Scotland, UK
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Associations between metabolic syndrome components and markers of inflammation in Welsh school children. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:409-417. [PMID: 29273941 PMCID: PMC5816764 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the multivariate dimensionality and strength of the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammation in children. Caucasian school children (N = 229; 12-14 years) from Wales were tested on several health indicators including measures of body composition, inflammation, fasting glucose regulation, blood pressure, and lipids. The multivariate association between MetS and inflammation was investigated via canonical correlation analysis. Data were corrected for non-normality by log transformation, and sex-specific z-scores computed for variables where there was a significant sex difference. Structure r's were interpreted to determine the dimensions of MetS and inflammation responsible for significant canonical variates. The overall multivariate association between MetS and inflammation was significant (Wilks' Lambda = 0.54, p < 0.001). The relationship was explained primarily by the waist circumference dimension of MetS (CC = 0.87) and inflammatory markers of fibrinogen (CC = 0.52) and C-reactive protein (CC = 0.50). The pattern of results was similar regardless of whether variables were adjusted for sex differences. CONCLUSION Central adiposity is the strongest predictor of the inflammatory aspect of cardiovascular disease risk in Caucasian adolescents. Future research into MetS and cardiometabolic risk should consider multivariate statistical approaches, in order to identify the separate contributions of each dimension in interrelationships and to identify which dimensions are influenced by preventive interventions. What is Known: • Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Markers of inflammation are also potential predictors of later development of CVD and type 2 diabetes. • The contribution of individual markers in interrelationships between MetS and inflammation is unknown. What is New: • We uniquely demonstrate that within a multivariate model, waist circumference is the primary link between MetS variables and markers of inflammation in children. • Waist circumference may therefore be a useful population-level screening tool to identify future risk of CVD.
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Arellano-Ruiz P, García-Hermoso A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Salcedo-Aguilar F, Garrido-Miguel M, Solera-Martinez M. Trends in cardiometabolic parameters among Spanish children from 2006 to 2010: The Cuenca study. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28120433 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the trends in cardiometabolic risk factors among schoolchildren in Cuenca, Spain, from 2006 to 2010. METHODS Data were taken from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2006 and 2010 among schoolchildren aged 8-12 years from 20 public schools in the province of Cuenca. The final sample consisted of 2148 participants with measured anthropometric variables, biochemical assessment, and blood pressure. RESULTS We observed an increase in mean serum total cholesterol (8.5 mg/dL and 10.7 mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol (13.7 mg/dL and 17.3 md/dL), triglycerides (3.6 mg/dL and 2.6 md/dL), fasting insulin (1.2 µU/mL and 0.3 µU/mL) and HOMA-IR (0.2 and 0.02) and a decrease in mean serum HDL-cholesterol (4.4 mg/dL and 5.7 mg/dL), systolic blood pressure (3.8 mmHg and 5.4 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.8 mmHg and 2.0 mmHg) in both sexes. In girls, mean arterial pressure (3.2 mmHg) also decreased in this period. In addition, we found an increase in the prevalence of adverse total cholesterol concentration (≥200 mg/dL) (7.8% and 8.9%), HDL-cholesterol concentration (<40 mg/dL) (1.9% in boys and 3.5% in girls) and LDL cholesterol concentration (≥130mg/dL) (4.8% and 5.8%) in boys and girls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There has been a worsening of the lipid profile in schoolchildren from Cuenca, independent of weight status and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Arellano-Ruiz
- Centro de estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca, España
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Centro de estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca, España.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Centro de estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca, España
| | - Montserrat Solera-Martinez
- Centro de estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca, España.,Facultad de enfermería, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca, España
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Kim SH, Song YH, Park S, Park MJ. Impact of lifestyle factors on trends in lipid profiles among Korean adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys study, 1998 and 2010. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 59:65-73. [PMID: 26958065 PMCID: PMC4781734 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Only a few studies have explored nationwide trends in lipid profiles among Asian adolescents. We aimed to assess trends in lipid profiles and the associated lifestyle factors among Korean children. Methods We analyzed data for 2,094 adolescents who were aged 10–18 years and had participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 1998 and 2010. Results During 1998–2010, the prevalence of obesity significantly increased in boys, but no changes were observed in girls. Over this period, there was a small but significant decrease in the mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level in boys (1998, 87.5 mg/dL; 2010, 83.6 mg/dL; P=0.019) and mean triglyceride levels in girls (1998, 90.8 mg/dL; 2010, 85.8 mg/dL; P=0.020). There were no significant changes in the prevalence of dyslipidemia in boys, but a modest decrease was noted in girls (1998, 25.1%; 2010, 18.3%; P=0.052). During the study period, the prevalence of breakfast skipping decreased, whereas that of regular exercise increased in both groups. Daily total energy intake did not change between these years. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, breakfast skipping was associated with increased risk of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia in boys (odds ratio [OR], 5.77) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.27) in girls. Regular exercise was associated with decreased risk of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (OR, 0.40) in boys. Conclusion Although the prevalence of obesity in boys increased, favorable or constant trends in lipid profiles were observed among Korean adolescents during 1998–2010. Decrease in breakfast skipping and increase in regular exercise may have contributed to these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sangshin Park
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mi-Jung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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de Moraes ACF, Lacerda MB, Moreno LA, Horta BL, Carvalho HB. Prevalence of high blood pressure in 122,053 adolescents: a systematic review and meta-regression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e232. [PMID: 25501086 PMCID: PMC4602805 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported high prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adolescents. To perform: i) systematically review the literature on the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) in adolescents; ii) analyze the possible methodological factors associated with HBP; and iii) compare the prevalence between developed and developing countries. We revised 10 electronic databases up to August 11, 2013. Only original articles using international diagnosis of HBP were considered. The pooled prevalence's of HBP were estimated by random effects. Meta-regression analysis was used to identify the sources of heterogeneity across studies. Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and total of 122,053 adolescents included. The pooled-prevalence of HBP was 11.2%, 13% for boys, and 9.6% for girls (P < 0.01). Method of measurement of BP and year in which the survey was conducted were associated with heterogeneity in the estimates of HBP among boys. The data indicate that HBP is higher among boys than girls, and that the method of measurement plays an important role in the overall heterogeneity of HBP value distributions, particularly in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto César Ferreira de Moraes
- From the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP)-Department of Preventive Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil (ACFdeM, MBL, HBC); YCARE (Youth/Child and cARdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, FMUSP/Brazil (ACFdeM, MBL, HBC); Faculty of Health of the University of Zaragoza, GENUD-Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development, Zaragoza, Spain (ACFdeM, LAM); Visiting Professor, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo-Department of Preventive Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil (LAM); and School of Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (BLH)
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Kowal M, Kryst Ł, Woronkowicz A, Sobiecki J. Long-term changes in body composition and prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls (aged 3–18 years) from Kraków (Poland) from 1983, 2000 and 2010. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 41:415-27. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2013.878394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lewitt MS, Baker JS, Mooney GP, Hall K, Thomas NE. Pubertal stage and measures of adiposity in British schoolchildren. Ann Hum Biol 2012; 39:440-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.704070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kakinami L, Paradis G, O'Loughlin J, Séguin L, Delvin EE, Lambert M. Is the obesity epidemic worsening the cardiovascular risk factor profile of children? Evidence from two Québec samples measured 10 years apart. Ann Hum Biol 2012; 39:322-6. [PMID: 22716236 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.690889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the obesity epidemic on cardiovascular health in young people is of increasing concern. However, data on secular trends in CVD indicators are outdated and mixed. METHODS This study compared lipid profiles and insulin of 9-10 year olds in 2008 (n = 605) and 1999 (n = 779). Data were drawn from two population-based samples of youth: the 1999 Québec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey and the 2008 Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. RESULTS Mean body mass index (BMI) Z-scores were higher in 2008 than in 1999 in both boys (0.37 vs 0.12, p = 0.004) and girls (0.32 vs 0.05, p = 0.0004). After adjusting for maturity stage, height, BMI Z-score, age and household income, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.12 mmol/L (p < 0.05) and 0.10 mmol/L (p < 0.05) higher in 2008 than 1999 in boys and girls, respectively. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin were not significantly different between 2008 and 1999. CONCLUSIONS Despite higher BMI Z-scores in 2008, differences in cardiometabolic indicators between 1999 and 2008 were small and may not be clinically meaningful. Surveillance to closely monitor trends in cardiometabolic indicators in Canadian youth is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kakinami
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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