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Grilc NK, Sova M, Kristl J. Drug Delivery Strategies for Curcumin and Other Natural Nrf2 Modulators of Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2137. [PMID: 34959418 PMCID: PMC8708625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with a wide range of diseases characterised by oxidant-mediated disturbances of various signalling pathways and cellular damage. The only effective strategy for the prevention of cellular damage is to limit the production of oxidants and support their efficient removal. The implication of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the cellular redox status has spurred new interest in the use of its natural modulators (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol). Unfortunately, most natural Nrf2 modulators are poorly soluble and show extensive pre-systemic metabolism, low oral bioavailability, and rapid elimination, which necessitates formulation strategies to circumvent these limitations. This paper provides a brief introduction on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in Nrf2 modulation and an overview of commonly studied formulations for the improvement of oral bioavailability and in vivo pharmacokinetics of Nrf2 modulators. Some formulations that have also been studied in vivo are discussed, including solid dispersions, self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems, and nanotechnology approaches, such as polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and micelles. Lastly, brief considerations of nano drug delivery systems for the delivery of Nrf2 modulators to the brain, are provided. The literature reviewed shows that the formulations discussed can provide various improvements to the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of natural Nrf2 modulators. This has been demonstrated in animal models and clinical studies, thereby increasing the potential for the translation of natural Nrf2 modulators into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Katarina Grilc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Matej Sova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Julijana Kristl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Development of Pelubiprofen Tromethamine with Improved Gastrointestinal Safety and Absorption. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050745. [PMID: 34070062 PMCID: PMC8158122 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelubiprofen (PEL), which is a commercialized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events following long-term exposure and has poor water-soluble properties. Here, a new pelubiprofen tromethamine (PEL-T) with improved solubility, permeability, GI safety, and absorption, compared to PEL, has been developed. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results confirmed that the PEL-T was well formed. The powder of PEL-T showed the presence of additional 6H protons at δ 3.66-3.61 in the 1H NMR spectrum, and shifted the sharp endothermic peaks at 129 °C in DSC, and the spectrum of distinct absorption peaks in FT-IR. In addition, compared with PEL, PEL-T showed a significantly improved solubility in various media and an increased permeability coefficient (Kp) in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, compared to PEL oral administration, PEL-T was found to significantly reduce the damaged area in an acute gastric damage rat model. The pharmacokinetic study of the PEL-T powder showed higher maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 h to the last time point (AUCt) than those of the PEL powder. Taken together, our data suggest that PEL-T is a recommendable candidate with enhanced gastrointestinal safety and better absorption compared with commercial PEL.
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Li H, Yan L, Tang EKY, Zhang Z, Chen W, Liu G, Mo J. Synthesis of TPGS/Curcumin Nanoparticles by Thin-Film Hydration and Evaluation of Their Anti-Colon Cancer Efficacy In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:769. [PMID: 31354485 PMCID: PMC6640488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CCM) has many potential uses in anticancer chemotherapy, but its low water solubility poses a major problem, preventing its translation into clinical use. TPGS is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E that acts as a surfactant with the ability to form micellar nanoparticles in water. More importantly, TPGS acts as a potent antioxidant that can neutralize intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we solubilized CCM with TPGS using thin-film rehydration to prepare aqueous formulations containing CCM at clinically relevant concentrations. We found that the minimal TPGS:CCM ratio for producing nanoparticles was 5:1 (w/w): at or above this ratio, stable nanoparticles formed with an average particle diameter of 12 nm. CCM was released from TPGS/CCM micelles in simulated colonic and gastric fluids. These TPGS/CCM nanoparticles were shown to decrease intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis and inhibited migration of HT-29 human colon cancer cells more potently than free CCM. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed TPGS/CCM to be more bioavailable than free CCM after oral administration to rats. Our results suggest that TPGS/CCM may increase therapeutic efficacy of CCM against colon cancer and merits further investigation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China
| | - Edith K Y Tang
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Guohao Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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4
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Paclitaxel: What has been done and the challenges remain ahead. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:474-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Grigorov PI, Glasser BJ, Muzzio FJ. Improving dissolution kinetics of pharmaceuticals by fluidized bed impregnation of active pharmaceutical ingredients. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Plamen I. Grigorov
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854
| | - Benjamin J. Glasser
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854
| | - Fernando J. Muzzio
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854
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6
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Zhong Q, da Rocha SRP. Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer-Doxorubicin Conjugates: In Vitro Characteristics and Pseudosolution Formulation in Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1058-72. [PMID: 26832992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women. A series of PEGylated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-based doxorubicin (DOX) nanocarriers (G3NH2-mPEG-nDOX) were synthesized and their chemistry tailored for the development of novel pseudosolution formulations in propellant-based metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) with enhanced aerosol characteristics. A pH-labile bond was used to conjugate DOX to dendrimer for controlled intracellular release. We employed a two-step PEGylation strategy to cover a range of DOX loading and PEGylation density. We investigated the impact of pH, PEGylation density, and DOX payload on the release of DOX from the conjugate. We also determined the cellular internalization of the conjugate, the intracellular release kinetics of DOX from the conjugate, and their ability to kill human alveolar carcinoma cells (A549). The acid-labile conjugates sustained the release of DOX in acidic medium, and also intracellularly, as determined by nuclear colocalization studies with confocal microscopy. Meanwhile, DOX was retained in the conjugate at extracellular physiological conditions, indicating their potential to achieve spatial and temporal controlled release profiles. We also observed that the kinetics of cellular entry of the conjugates with DOX increased significantly compared to free DOX. Due to controlled release, the G3NH2-mPEG-nDOX conjugates showed time-dependent cell kill, but their cell kill ability was comparable to free DOX, which suggests their potential in vivo as compared to free DOX. The conjugates were formulated in pMDIs as pseudosolution formulations, with the help of a minimum amount of cosolvent (ethanol; <0.4%; v/v). The physical stability and aerosol characteristics of the conjugates were controlled by the PEGylation density of the carriers: the higher the PEG density, the better the dispersibility and the better the deep lung deposition of the conjugates (fine particle fraction up to ca. 80%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University , 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sandro R P da Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University , 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Pharmaceutics and Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , 410 N 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0533, United States
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Pattnaik S, Swain K, Manaswini P, Divyavani E, Rao JV, Talla V, Subudhi SK. Fabrication of aceclofenac nanocrystals for improved dissolution: Process optimization and physicochemical characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Friberg S, Nyström AM. Nanotechnology in the war against cancer: new arms against an old enemy – a clinical view. Future Oncol 2015; 11:1961-75. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Clinical oncology is facing a paradigm shift. A new treatment philosophy is emerging and new targets are appearing that require new active agents. The medical use of nanotechnology – nanomedicine – holds several promising possibilities in the war against cancer. Some of these include: new formats for old drugs, that is, increasing efficacy while diminishing side effects; and new administration routes – that is, dermal, oral and pulmonary. In this overview, we describe some nanoparticles and their medical uses as well as highlight advantages of nanoparticles compared with conventional pharmaceuticals. We also point to some of the many technical challenges and potential risks with using nanotechnology for oncological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Friberg
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas M Nyström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kitosan sebagai Bahan Dasar Drug Delivery: Studi Interaksi antara Segmen Dimer Kitosan dengan Dipeptida Ac-AD-NH2 dan Ac-PV-NH2 secara Komputasi AB-Initio. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2014. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.17.2.58-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang optimasi dan interaksi antara molekul dipeptida dan dimer kitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pembukaan pada junction antar sel yang dilakukan dengan cara memodulasi peptida penyusun khaderinnya. Junction antar sel tersusun atas khaderin-khaderin yang terikat pada membran sel atau disebut dengan istilah trans-membran. Peptida yang digunakan berasal dari sekuens ADT-6 (Ac-ADTPPV-NH2) yaitu Ac-AD-NH2 dan Ac-PV-NH2. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantum ab initio pada tingkat teori dan basis set HF/6-31 G(d,p). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan energi potensial interaksi yang lebih stabil yaitu interaksi dimer kitosan dengan Ac-AD-NH2 konfigurasi 1 sebesar -78,1168 kJ mol-1 Ǻ sedangkan interaksi dimer kitosan dengan Ac-AD-NH2 konfigurasi 2 sebesar -68,6297 kJ mol-1. Segmen dimer kitosan dengan Ac-PV-NH2 konfigurasi 1 yang memiliki energi potensial interaksi sebesar -21,6289 kJ mol-1 sedangkan segmen dimer kitosan dengan Ac-PV-NH2 konfigurasi 2 yang memiliki energi potensial interaksi sebesar -57,6373 kJ mol-1. Kesimpulan adalah interaksi yang lebih stabil antara segmen dimer kitosan dengan peptida Ac-AD-NH2 dan Ac-PV-NH2 terjadi pada konfigurasi 1 dan 2. Aplikasi ke depannya, energi interaksi ini dapat digunakan untuk memprediksikan pelepasan peptida dari kitosan.
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Sobczyński J, Smistad G, Hegge AB, Kristensen S. Molecular interactions and solubilization of structurally related meso-porphyrin photosensitizers by amphiphilic block copolymers (Pluronics). Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1237-46. [PMID: 25027806 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.938657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The influence of four Pluronics block copolymers (i.e. F68, P123, F127, and L44) on the aggregation and solubilization of five structurally related meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin photosensitizers (PS) as model compounds for use in Photodynamic Therapy of cancer (PDT) was evaluated. Interactions between the PSs and Pluronics were studied at micromolar concentration by means of UV-Vis absorption spectrometry and by kinematic viscosity (υ) and osmolarity measurements at millimolar concentrations. Pluronic micelles were characterized by size and zeta potential (ζ) measurements. The morphology of selected PS-Pluronic assemblies was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). While hydrophobic 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl) porphine (THPP) seemed to be solubilized in the Pluronic micellar cores, amphiphilic di(monoethanolammonium) meso-tetraphenyl porphine disulphonate (TPPS2a) was likely bound to the micellar palisade layer. Hydrophilic PSs like 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-trimethylaniliniumphenyl) porphine (TAPP) seemed to form complexes with Pluronic unimers and to be distributed among the micellar coronas. TPPS2a aggregated into a network which could be broken at Pluronic concentration [Formula: see text] cmc, but would reconstitute in the presence of tonicity adjusting agents, e.g. sodium chloride (NaCl) or glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sobczyński
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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11
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Palac Z, Hurler J, Škalko-Basnet N, Filipović-Grčić J, Vanić Ž. Elastic liposomes-in-vehicle formulations destined for skin therapy: the synergy between type of liposomes and vehicle. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1247-53. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.938658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Kodadová A, Vitková Z, Herdová P, Ťažký A, Oremusová J, Grančai D, Mikuš P. Formulation of sage essential oil (Salvia officinalis, L.) monoterpenes into chitosan hydrogels and permeation study with GC-MS analysis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1080-8. [PMID: 24931183 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.927480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study deals with the formulation of natural drugs into hydrogels. For the first time, compounds from the sage essential oil were formulated into chitosan hydrogels. A sample preparation procedure for hydrophobic volatile analytes present in a hydrophilic water matrix along with an analytical method based on the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the evaluation of the identity and quantity of essential oil components in the hydrogels and saline samples. The experimental results revealed that the chitosan hydrogels are suitable for the formulation of sage essential oil. The monoterpene release can be effectively controlled by both chitosan and caffeine concentration in the hydrogels. Permeation experiment, based on a hydrogel with the optimized composition [3.5% (w/w) sage essential oil, 2.0% (w/w) caffeine, 2.5% (w/w) chitosan and 0.1% (w/w) Tween-80] in donor compartment, saline solution in acceptor compartment, and semi-permeable cellophane membrane, demonstrated the useful permeation selectivity. Here, (according to lipophilicity) an enhanced permeation of the bicyclic monoterpenes with antiflogistic and antiseptic properties (eucalyptol, camphor and borneol) and, at the same time, suppressed permeation of toxic thujone (not exceeding its permitted applicable concentration) was observed. These properties highlight the pharmaceutical importance of the developed chitosan hydrogel formulating sage essential oil in the dermal applications.
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Vlasova MA, Tarasova OS, Riikonen J, Raula J, Lobach AS, Borzykh AA, Smirin BV, Kauppinen EI, Eletskii AV, Herzig KH, Salonen J, Tavi P, Lehto VP, Järvinen K. Injected nanoparticles: The combination of experimental systems to assess cardiovascular adverse effects. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 87:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Preparation, characterization, and in vitro antitumor activity of folate conjugated chitosan coated EGCG nanoparticles. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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15
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Adesina SK, Wight SA, Akala EO. Optimization of the fabrication of novel stealth PLA-based nanoparticles by dispersion polymerization using D-optimal mixture design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1547-56. [PMID: 24059281 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.838578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nanoparticle size is important in drug delivery. Clearance of nanoparticles by cells of the reticuloendothelial system has been reported to increase with increase in particle size. Further, nanoparticles should be small enough to avoid lung or spleen filtering effects. Endocytosis and accumulation in tumor tissue by the enhanced permeability and retention effect are also processes that are influenced by particle size. We present the results of studies designed to optimize cross-linked biodegradable stealth polymeric nanoparticles fabricated by dispersion polymerization. METHODS Nanoparticles were fabricated using different amounts of macromonomer, initiators, crosslinking agent and stabilizer in a dioxane/DMSO/water solvent system. Confirmation of nanoparticle formation was by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). D-optimal mixture statistical experimental design was used for the experimental runs, followed by model generation (Scheffe polynomial) and optimization with the aid of a computer software. Model verification was done by comparing particle size data of some suggested solutions to the predicted particle sizes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Data showed that average particle sizes follow the same trend as predicted by the model. Negative terms in the model corresponding to the cross-linking agent and stabilizer indicate the important factors for minimizing particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon K Adesina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Howard University , Washington DC , USA and
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Sigfridsson K, Palmer M. Evaluation of systemic exposure of nanoparticle suspensions subcutaneously administered to mice regarding stabilization, volume, location, concentration and size. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1318-24. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.817418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pepić I, Lovrić J, Hafner A, Filipović-Grčić J. Powder form and stability of Pluronic mixed micelle dispersions for drug delivery applications. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:944-51. [PMID: 23627442 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.791831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to optimize a formulation of the Pluronic® F127/L121 mixed micelle system and evaluate it in terms of stability upon dilution in biologically relevant media and to explore the possibility of preparing F127/L121 micelles in a powder form that can be simply reconstituted to an initial freshly made mixed micelle formulation. The mixed F127/L121 micelles were prepared at a relatively high concentration of Pluronics (1% w/w for both Pluronics) using two different methods (direct dissolution and film rehydration) with an external input of energy. The optimal preparation of the mixed F127/L121 micelles (hydrodynamic diameter (dh) = 75 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) = 0.287) was achieved using the film rehydration method followed by ultrasonication. Stability studies of the F127/L121 micelle system were performed at 25 °C and 37 °C and upon dilution in different biologically relevant media. The F127/L121 micelles were stable in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) upon 100-fold dilution for at least 10 d and in PBS containing bovine serum albumin upon 10 and 50-fold dilution for at least 48 and 12 h, respectively. A dry powdered form of the mixed micelles was prepared by freeze-drying after slow or fast freezing process. The influence of the type and amount of cryoprotectant on the prevention of F127/L121 micelles aggregation during the freeze-drying and reconstitution processes were evaluated. The use of trehalose (5%, w/w) and sucrose (2.5%, w/w) with slow and fast freezing process, respectively, resulted in a reconstituted product with mostly similar dh and PDI values of the fresh micelle formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pepić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Ling H, Luoma JT, Hilleman D. A Review of Currently Available Fenofibrate and Fenofibric Acid Formulations. Cardiol Res 2013; 4:47-55. [PMID: 28352420 PMCID: PMC5358213 DOI: 10.4021/cr270w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate is a third-generation fibric acid derivative indicated as a monotherapy to reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B; to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia; and to reduce triglycerides in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. In this review, the key characteristics of available fenofibrate formulations are examined. A literature search was conducted, focusing on comparative studies examining bioavailability, food effects, absorption, and lipid efficacy. Fenofibrate is highly lipophilic, virtually insoluble in water, and poorly absorbed. Coadministration with meals was necessary to maximize bioavailability of early formulations. Micronized and nanoparticle formulations of fenofibrate with reduced particle sizes were developed, resulting in greater solubility, improved bioavailability, and in some cases, the ability to be given irrespective of food. A recently introduced hydrophilic choline salt of fenofibric acid also can be taken without regard to meals, is absorbed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, has the highest bioavailability among marketed formulations, and is approved for coadministration with a statin. Differences in bioavailability of fenofibrate formulations have resulted in low-dose (40 - 67) mg and standard-dose (120 - 200 mg) formulations. Different formulations are not equivalent on a milligram-to-milligram basis. In order to prevent medication errors, resulting in underdosing or overdosing with attendant consequences, it is important for healthcare providers to recognize that the formulations of fenofibrate and fenofibric acid that are currently available vary substantially in relation to food effect, equivalency on a milligram-to-milligram basis, and indication to be coadministered with a statin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ling
- School of Medicine, Cardiac Center of Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John T. Luoma
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, AbbVie (formerly Abbott Laboratories), North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Hilleman
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Cardiac Center of Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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Cruz CN, Tyner KM, Velazquez L, Hyams KC, Jacobs A, Shaw AB, Jiang W, Lionberger R, Hinderling P, Kong Y, Brown PC, Ghosh T, Strasinger C, Suarez-Sharp S, Henry D, Van Uitert M, Sadrieh N, Morefield E. CDER risk assessment exercise to evaluate potential risks from the use of nanomaterials in drug products. AAPS JOURNAL 2013; 15:623-8. [PMID: 23512727 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Nanotechnology Risk Assessment Working Group in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) within the United States Food and Drug Administration was established to assess the possible impact of nanotechnology on drug products. The group is in the process of performing risk assessment and management exercises. The task of the working group is to identify areas where CDER may need to optimize its review practices and to develop standards to ensure review consistency for drug applications that may involve the application of nanotechnology. The working group already performed risk management exercises evaluating the potential risks from administering nanomaterial active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) or nanomaterial excipients by various routes of administration. This publication outlines the risk assessment and management process used by the working group, using nanomaterial API by the oral route of administration as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia N Cruz
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Abstract
This position paper discusses progress made and to be made with so-called advanced drug delivery systems, particularly but not exclusively those in the nanometre domain. The paper has resulted from discussions with a number of international experts in the field who shared their views on aspects of the subject, from the nomenclature used for such systems, the sometimes overwrought claims made in the era of nanotechnology, the complex nature of targeting delivery systems to specific destinations in vivo, the need for setting standards for the choice and characterisation of cell lines used in in vitro studies, to attention to the manufacturability, stability and analytical profiling of systems and more relevant studies on toxicology. The historical background to the development of many systems is emphasised. So too is the stochastic nature of many of the steps to successful access to and action in targets. A lacuna in the field is the lack of availability of data on a variety of carrier systems using the same models in vitro and in vivo using standard controls. The paper asserts that greater emphasis must also be paid to the effective levels of active attained in target organs, for without such crucial data it will be difficult for many experimental systems to enter the clinic. This means the use of diagnostic/imaging technologies to monitor targeted drug delivery and stratify patient groups, identifying patients with optimum chances for successful therapy. Last, but not least, the critical importance of the development of science bases for regulatory policies, scientific platforms overseeing the field and new paradigms of financing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3511 ME Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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te Kulve H, Rip A. Economic and societal dimensions of nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:611-22. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.770467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sigfridsson K, Lundqvist A, Strimfors M. Evaluation of exposure properties after injection of nanosuspensions and microsuspenions into the intraperitoneal space in rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1832-9. [PMID: 23240709 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.738684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, BA99 and AC88 were used as model compounds for intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to Sprague-Dawley rats. A major problem for the compounds, like many others newly developed pharmaceutical drugs, is the poor solubility in water. To solve solubility related problems, development of nanosuspensions is an attractive alternative. Both compounds are suitable for nanosuspensions, using the milling approach. After 2 weeks in freezer, the nanoparticles aggregated to form particles in the 400-2000 nm interval. However, following a 20 s ultrasonication step, the original particle sizes (about 200 nm) were obtained. Adding 5% mannitol before the samples were frozen abolished aggregation. It is also possible to freeze-dry the nanosuspension in the presence of 5% mannitol and re-disperse the formulation in water. Nanosuspensions of both compounds were injected i.p. to rats at 5 and 500 µmoL/kg. At the low dose, also a microsuspension was administered. I.p. administration resulted in overall improved C(max) for both AC88 and BA99 compared to s.c. and oral administration. I.p. is the preferred route of administration of tolerable drugs when a fast onset of action is desired and when a significant first passage metabolism occurs. The net charge of the active molecule appeared to affect the absorption kinetics. In the present work, the neutral molecule was favored over the negatively charged one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Sigfridsson
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal , Mölndal , Sweden
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Shilpa J, Roshni BT, Chinthu R, Paulose CS. Role of GABA and serotonin coupled chitosan nanoparticles in enhanced hepatocyte proliferation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2913-2921. [PMID: 22960799 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanoparticles containing active molecules having improved stability, sustained release and maximum half life helps in cell proliferation result in enhanced tissue regeneration. Our study focuses on the use of Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and serotonin (5-HT) coupled chitosan nanoparticles for the active liver regeneration in male Wistar rats. The nanoparticles were prepared and the morphology was studied using SEM. The FT-IR spectra of the nanoparticles and the maximum encapsulation efficiency of GABA and 5-HT binding to chitosan nanoparticles were observed. The in vitro release studies provided the percentage release of GABA and 5-HT from the nanoparticles at different time intervals. The quantification of DNA and protein syntheses was done using [(3)H] thymidine and [(3)H] leucine uptake studies that determined the enhancement in hepatocyte proliferation. Our results project the role of GABA and 5-HT chitosan nanoparticles in the treatment of liver based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shilpa
- Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682 022, Kerala, India
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Shi Y, Zou M, An Y, Ji Z, Gao P, Cheng G. A potent preparation method combining neutralization with microfluidization for rebamipide nanosuspensions and itsin vivoevaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:996-1004. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.689765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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