Spray-dried O-carboxymethyl chitosan as potential hydrophilic matrix tablet for sustained release of drug

O-carboxymethyl chitosan in biomedicine: A review

O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) is a chitosan derivative produced through the substitution of hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups in glucosamine units with carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) substituents, effectively addressing the inherent solubility issues of chitosan in aqueous solutions. O-CMC has garnered significant interest due to its enhanced solubility, elevated viscosity, minimal toxicity, and advantageous biocompatibility properties. Furthermore, O-CMC demonstrates antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant characteristics, rendering it a promising candidate for various biomedical uses such as wound healing, tissue engineering, anti-tumor therapies, biosensors, and bioimaging. Additionally, O-CMC is well-suited for the fabrication of nanoparticles, hydrogels, films, microcapsules, and tablets, offering opportunities for effective drug delivery systems. This review outlines the distinctive features of O-CMC, offers analyses of advancements and future potential based on current research, examines significant obstacles for clinical implementation, and foresees its ongoing significant impacts in the realm of biomedicine.

Gelatin/O-carboxymethyl chitosan injectable self-healing hydrogels for ibuprofen and naproxen dual release

Recently, a significantly greater clinical benefit has been reported with a combination of glucosamine sulfate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) compared to either treatment alone for the growing osteoarthritis (OA) disease. So, this study introduces hydrogels using O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC, structurally akin glucosamine glycan), and Gelatin type A (GA) in a 1:2 ratio with β-glycerophosphate (βGPh) at varying percentages (5 %, 12.5 %, and 15 %). We show that hydrogel properties, adaptable for drug delivery or tissue engineering, can be fine-tuned based on OCMC:βGPh ratio. CMC/GA/βGPh-12.5 exhibited a swelling rate of 189 %, compressive stress of 164 kPa, and compressive modulus of 3.4 kPa. The self-healing hydrogel also exhibited excellent injectability through a 21-gauge needle, requiring only 5 N of force. Ibuprofen and Naproxen release from CMC/GA/βGPh-12.5 and CMC/GA/βGPh-15 of designed dimensions (bi-layer structures of different diameter and height) were measured, and drug release kinetics were estimated using mathematical equations (MATLAB and polyfit program). CMC/GA/βGPh-12.5 demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. aureus, a high cell survival rate of 89 % against L929 fibroblasts, and strong cell adhesion, all indicating biocompatibility. These findings underscore potential of these hydrogels as promising candidates for treating inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis.

Permeation measurement of gestodene for some biodegradable materials using Franz diffusion cells

Biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA), Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(caprolactone-co-d,l-lactide) (PCDLLA) and poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-caprolactone) (PTCL) are recently used for clinical drug delivery system such as subcutaneous contraceptive implant capsule due to their biodegradable properties that they could possess long-term stable performance in vivo without removal, however their permeation rate is unknown. In the work, biodegradable material membranes were prepared by solvent evaporation using chloroform, and commercial silicone rubber membrane served as a control. Gestodene was used as a model drug. Gestodene has high biologic progestational activity which allows for high contraceptive reliability at very low-dose levels. The permeation rate of gestodene for several biodegradable materials was evaluated. In vitro diffusion studies were done using Franz diffusion cells with a diffusion area of 1.33 cm². Phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4), 10% methanol solution and distilled water were taken in donor and receiver chambers at temperature of 37 °C respectively. The in vitro experiments were conducted over a period of 24 h during which samples were collected at regular intervals. The withdrawn samples were appropriately diluted and measured on UV–vis spectrophotometer at 247 nm. Conclusion data from our study showed that permeation rate of PCDLLA with CL ratio more than 70% could be more excellent than commercial silicone rubber membrane. They may be suitable as a candidate carrier for gestodene subcutaneous contraceptive implants in contraceptive fields.