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Bhatt P, Kumar V, Rastogi H, Malik MK, Dixit R, Garg S, Kapoor G, Singh S. Functional and Tableting Properties of Alkali-Isolated and Phosphorylated Barnyard Millet ( Echinochloa esculenta) Starch. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30294-30305. [PMID: 37636954 PMCID: PMC10448648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The functional and tableting properties of barnyard millet starch (Echinochloa esculenta) were investigated in its native (alkali-treated) and chemically modified (phosphorylated) states. The grains were pulverized, soaked, and ground before filtration to separate starch and protein. Multiple NaOH treatments were performed. The starch was washed, neutralized, and dried. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium sulfate were used to modify the starch, followed by maceration, washing, and drying to remove unreacted chemicals. The amylose content of alkali-treated barnyard millet starch increased by 19.96 ± 3.56% w/w. The amount of protein, the kind of starch used, and the size of the starch granules, all affected the ability of the starch granules to swell up. It was observed that alkali-extracted barnyard millet starch (AZS) has a swelling power of 194.3 ± 0.0064% w/w. The swelling capacity of treated starch was lesser as compared to the native alkali barnyard millet starch. Decrement in swelling power of phosphorylated starch was observed due to tightening of bonds in the molecular structure. The moisture content of the excipients may affect the overall stability of the formulation. The moisture content of the AZS was found to be 15.336 ± 1.012% w/w. Compared to AZS, cross-linked barnyard millet starch had a moisture content that was up to 20% lower than AZS. The Hausner ratio for phosphorylated starch was found to be 1.25, which indicates marked flow property. Similar morphologies could be seen in the alkali-isolated barnyard millet starch and the cross-linked/phosphorylated barnyard millet that was cross-linked using a mixture of sodium sulfate and sodium tripolyphosphate. The modest degree of substitution would have no effect on the surface morphology as shown by the scanning electron microscopic study. The crushing and compacting abilities of modified barnyard millet starch were also improved, but its friability and rate of disintegration were decreased. The whole study revealed that after cross-linking, barnyard millet had good tableting properties and it can be used as an excipient in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- KIET
Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri
(Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri
(Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Harsh Rastogi
- KIET
Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
| | - Mayank Kumar Malik
- Department
of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to
be University), Haridwar, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 246404, India
| | - Raghav Dixit
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri
(Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Sakshi Garg
- KIET
Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
| | - Garima Kapoor
- KIET
Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
| | - Suruchi Singh
- Accurate
College of Pharmacy, 49, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh201306, India
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Preclinical Evaluation of Polymeric Nanocomposite Containing Pregabalin for Sustained Release as Potential Therapy for Neuropathic Pain. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213837. [PMID: 34771392 PMCID: PMC8587775 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study offers a novel oral pregabalin (PG)-loaded drug delivery system based on chitosan and hypromellose phthalate-based polymeric nanocomposite in order to treat neuropathic pain (PG-PN). PG-PN has a particle size of 432 ± 20 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.238 ± 0.001, a zeta potential of +19.0 ± 0.9 mV, a pH of 5.7 ± 0.06, and a spherical shape. Thermal and infrared spectroscopy confirmed nanocomposite generation. PG-PN pharmacokinetics was studied after a single oral dose in male Wistar rats. PG-PN showed greater distribution and clearance than free PG. The antinociceptive effect of PG-PN in neuropathic pain rats was tested by using the chronic constriction injury model. The parameter investigated was the mechanical nociceptive threshold measured by the von Frey filaments test; PG-PN showed a longer antinociceptive effect than free PG. The rota-rod and barbiturate sleep induction procedures were used to determine adverse effects; the criteria included motor deficit and sedative effects. PG-PN and free PG had plenty of motors. PG-PN exhibited a less sedative effect than free PG. By prolonging the antinociceptive effect and decreasing the unfavorable effects, polymeric nanocomposites with pregabalin have shown promise in treating neuropathic pain.
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Abd-Elal RMA, Elosaily GH, Gad S, Khafagy ES, Mostafa Y. Full Factorial Design, Optimization, In vitro and Ex vivo Studies of Ocular Timolol-Loaded Microsponges. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wu JH, Wang XJ, Li SJ, Ying XY, Hu JB, Xu XL, Kang XQ, You J, Du YZ. Preparation of Ethyl Cellulose Microspheres for Sustained Release of Sodium Bicarbonate. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:556-568. [PMID: 31531041 PMCID: PMC6706755 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release of thermal-instable and water-soluble drugs with low molecule weight is a challenge. In this study, sodium bicarbonate was encapsulated in ethyl cellulose microspheres by a novel solid-in-oil-in-oil (S/O/O) emulsification method using acetonitrile/soybean oil as new solvent pairs. Properties of the microspheres such as size, recovery rate, morphology, drug content, and drug release behavior were evaluated to investigate the suitable preparation techniques. In the case of that the ratio of the internal and external oil phase was 1: 9, Tween 80 as a stabilizer resulted in the highest drug content (2.68%) and a good spherical shape of microspheres. After the ratio increased to 1: 4, the microspheres using Tween 80 as the stabilizer also had high drug content (1.96%) and exhibited a sustained release behavior, with 70% of drug released within 12 h and a sustained release of more than 40 h. Otherwise, different emulsification temperatures at which acetonitrile was evaporated could influence the drug release behaviour of microspheres obtained. This novel method is a potential and effective method to achieve the encapsulation and the sustained release of thermal-instable and water-soluble drugs with low molecule weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shu-Juan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Ying
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing-Bo Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xu-Qi Kang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jian You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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Güncüm E, Işıklan N, Anlaş C, Ünal N, Bulut E, Bakırel T. Development and characterization of polymeric-based nanoparticles for sustained release of amoxicillin – an antimicrobial drug. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:964-973. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1476371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enes Güncüm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Nuran Işıklan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ceren Anlaş
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Ünal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Elif Bulut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Tülay Bakırel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Madni A, Rahem MA, Tahir N, Sarfraz M, Jabar A, Rehman M, Kashif PM, Badshah SF, Khan KU, Santos HA. Non-invasive strategies for targeting the posterior segment of eye. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:326-345. [PMID: 28755994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The safe and effective treatment of eye diseases has been remained a global myth. Several advancements have been done and various drug delivery and treatment techniques have been suggested. The Posterior segment disorders are the leading cause of visual impairments and blindness. Targeting the therapeutic agents to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye has attracted extensive attention from the scientific community. Significant key factors in the success of ocular therapy are the development of safe, effective, economic and non-invasive novel drug delivery systems. These specialized non-invasive ocular drug delivery systems revolutionized the drug delivery strategies by overcoming the limitations, provided targeted delivery to the ocular tissues by avoiding larger doses, and reducing the toxicity encountered by the conventional approaches. These non-invasive systems are fabricated by ingredients encompassing biodegradability, biocompatibility, mucoadhesion, solubility and permeability enhancement and stimuli responsiveness. The variety of routes are utilized to provide minimally invasive drug delivery to the patients without any discomfort and pain. This review is focused on the brief introduction, types, significance, preparation techniques, components and mechanism of drug release of non-invasive systems, including in situ gelling systems, microspheres, iontophoresis, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions and specialized novel emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah Madni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Abdur Rahem
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Tahir
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jabar
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mubashar Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Prince Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Faisal Badshah
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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