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Li J, Wang S, Tian F, Zhang SQ, Jin H. Advances in Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms of Transporter-Mediated Herb-Drug Interactions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091126. [PMID: 36145347 PMCID: PMC9502688 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the use of herbs has become more popular worldwide, there are increasing reports of herb-drug interactions (HDIs) following the combination of herbs and drugs. The active components of herbs are complex and have a variety of pharmacological activities, which inevitably affect changes in the pharmacokinetics of chemical drugs in vivo. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in vivo are closely related to the expression of drug transporters. When the active components of herbs inhibit or induce the expression of transporters, this can cause changes in substrate pharmacokinetics, resulting in changes in the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. In this article, the tissue distribution and physiological functions of drug transporters are summarized through literature retrieval, and the effects of herbs on drug transporters and the possible mechanism of HDIs are analyzed and discussed in order to provide ideas and a reference for further guiding of safe clinical drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fengjie Tian
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (S.-Q.Z.); (H.J.); Tel.: +86-10-66237226 (S.-Q.Z.); +86-10-67817730 (H.J.)
| | - Hongtao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (S.-Q.Z.); (H.J.); Tel.: +86-10-66237226 (S.-Q.Z.); +86-10-67817730 (H.J.)
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D'Souza V, Meghashree, Badanthadka M, Mamatha BS, Vijayanarayana K. Effect of nutritional status on acetaminophen pharmacokinetic profile. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 438:115888. [PMID: 35065993 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-term fasting increases acetaminophen exposure in healthy subjects, whereas no effect was observed after a high-fat diet. These findings suggest the necessity of considering nutritional status when assessing the risk of acetaminophen-induced toxicity. Further role of nutrition status on pharmacokinetic profile of acetaminophen (APAP) at toxic doses are not available. Our study aims to compare the effects of nutrition status on kinetic profile of APAP in 3 different dietary conditions like - Normal diet (ND), Low protein diet (LPD) and High fat diet (HFD) groups. To investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of APAP at toxic dose, 3 groups of animals were separated after weaning and for the next 15 weeks they were fed with their respective diets (ND, LPD and HFD). Animals were dosed with APAP (300 mg/kg p.o) and blood sampling was done at different time intervals. Plasma samples were analyzed using HPLC method. Data analysis was done by Non-compartment analysis using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.3 software. LPD group show higher values of C max, T max, T 1/2, and AUC 0-4, AUC 0-x values compared to ND and HFD groups. Our study compared APAP pharmacokinetic profile at toxic dose in three different diet regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha D'Souza
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Department of Nitte University Centre for Animal Research and Experimentation (NUCARE), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - Meghashree
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Department of Nitte University Centre for Animal Research and Experimentation (NUCARE), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - Murali Badanthadka
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Department of Nitte University Centre for Animal Research and Experimentation (NUCARE), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India.
| | - B S Mamatha
- NUCSER, Nittte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - K Vijayanarayana
- Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal college of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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3
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Chrysin: Perspectives on Contemporary Status and Future Possibilities as Pro-Health Agent. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062038. [PMID: 34198618 PMCID: PMC8232110 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin belongs to the group of natural polyphenols. It can be found, among others, in honey, propolis and fruits and has a wide range of biological activities, including the prevention of oxidative stress, inflammation, neurodegeneration and carcinogenesis. Being a part of the human diet, chrysin is considered to be a promising compound to be used in the prevention of many diseases, including cancers, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Nevertheless, due to the low solubility of chrysin in water and under physiological conditions, its bioavailability is low. For this reason, attempts at its functionalization have been undertaken, aiming to increase its absorption and thus augment its in vivo therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent research on chrysin, including its sources, metabolism, pro-health effects and the effects of its functionalization on biological activity and pharmacological efficacy, evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.
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Nakhaee S, Dastjerdi M, Roumi H, Mehrpour O, Farrokhfall K. N-acetylcysteine dose-dependently improves the analgesic effect of acetaminophen on the rat hot plate test. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:4. [PMID: 33413696 PMCID: PMC7791802 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity is a clinically important problem. Up to now, interventive therapy with n-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been considered as a gold-standard treatment for APAP overdose. However, no study has focused on the efficacy of these drugs' concurrent administration on probable enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of co-administration of NAC and acetaminophen in male rats. The NAC-APAP drug formulation may demonstrate the stranger antinociceptive effect. METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (12-14 weeks) randomly divided into six equal groups; control, APAP (received 300 mg/kg APAP), NAC (received 600 mg/kg NAC) and APAP+ NAC groups that received simultaneously 300 mg/kg APAP with 200-600 mg/kg NAC (AN200, AN400, AN600). All administrations were done orally for once. The antinociceptive effect was recorded by measurement of latency period on a hot plate in 30, 60, and 90 min after administrations. RESULTS The results showed that NAC's concurrent administration with APAP, dose-dependently increased APAP analgesic effects (p< 0.0001). Moreover, NAC treatment exhibited an antinociceptive effect in 60 and 90 min, per se. The treatments had no adverse effect on liver enzymes and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Co-administration of NAC with APAP can improve the antinociceptive effect of APAP. It is suggested that this compound can enhance analgesic effects of APAP and eventually lead to a reduction in acetaminophen dose. Further studies are needed to evaluate the molecular mechanism of this hyper analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dastjerdi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hesam Roumi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Khadijeh Farrokhfall
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Bhutani P, Rajanna PK, Paul AT. Impact of quercetin on pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: insights from in-vivo studies in wistar rats. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1483-1489. [PMID: 32623931 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1792002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (QCN) is commonly used in high doses as a dietary supplement for weight loss. Psychotic patients are at greater risk of developing obesity than the general population. The present study was designed to understand the impact of QCN on the exposure of quetiapine (QTE), an anti-psychotic drug with narrow therapeutic index and brain penetrating capability. The content of QTE in rat plasma was analyzed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in exposure of QTE (peroral dosed) in the animals pre-treated with QCN as compared to the control group. All the animals pre-treated with QCN, succumbed to death within 3-5 min of intravenous dosing of QTE (1 mg/kg). The studies in rat liver S9 fraction indicated that QCN could increase the metabolic stability of QTE by inhibiting the activity of CYP enzymes. The brain to plasma ratio of QTE increased upon QCN pre-treatment (2.6 vs 7.7), which could be attributed to P-glycoprotein inhibition at the blood-brain barrier by QCN. The current set of studies indicated that serious herb-drug interaction between QCN and QTE might occur when they are co-administered. Caution is advised for concomitant use of QCN rich dietary supplements with QTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadeep Bhutani
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Rajasthan, India.,Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Prabhakar K Rajanna
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Karbownik A, Sobańska K, Grabowski T, Stanisławiak-Rudowicz J, Wolc A, Grześkowiak E, Szałek E. In vivo assessment of the drug interaction between sorafenib and paracetamol in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:1039-1048. [PMID: 32394097 PMCID: PMC7305075 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sorafenib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and radioactive iodine resistant thyroid carcinoma. Neoplastic diseases are the cause of pain, which may occur regardless of the stage of the disease. Paracetamol is a non-opioid analgesic used alone or in combination with opioids for the treatment of cancer pain. Numerous studies have pointed out changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of TKIs when co-administered with paracetamol. The aim of the study was to assess drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between sorafenib and paracetamol. Methods Rats were divided into three groups, each consisting of eight animals. The first group received sorafenib (IIS), the second group received sorafenib + paracetamol (IS+PA), whereas the third group received only paracetamol (IIIPA). A single dose of sorafenib (100 mg/kg b.w.) and paracetamol (100 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally. The plasma concentrations of sorafenib and its metabolite–N-oxide as well as paracetamol and its glucuronide and sulphate metabolites were measured using validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection. Results The co-administration of sorafenib and paracetamol increased the maximum concentration (Cmax) of paracetamol by 33% (p = 0.0372). In the IS+ PA group the Cmax of paracetamol glucuronide was reduced by 48% (p = < 0.0001), whereas the Cmax of paracetamol sulphate was higher by 153% (p = 0.0012) than in the IIIPA group. Paracetamol increased sorafenib and sorafenib N-oxide Cmax by 60% (p = 0.0068) and 83% (p = 0.0023), respectively. Conclusions A greater knowledge of DDI between sorafenib and paracetamol may help adjust dose properly and avoid toxicity effects in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Karbownik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sobańska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grabowski
- Polpharma Biologics SA, Trzy Lipy 3 Str., 80-172, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wolc
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 239E Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Hy-Line International, 2583 240th Street, Dallas Center, IA, 50063, USA
| | - Edmund Grześkowiak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Szałek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 14 Św. Marii Magdaleny Str., 61-861, Poznań, Poland
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7
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Ahmed RG. Overdoses of Acetaminophen Disrupt the Thyroid-Liver Axis in Neonatal Rats. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:705-714. [PMID: 30760194 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190212165603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the impact of neonatal acetaminophen (APAP; paracetamol) administrations on the thyroid-liver axis in male Wistar rats. METHODS APAP (100 or 350mg/kg) was orally administered to neonates from Postnatal Day (PND) 20 to 40. RESULTS Both APAP doses elicited a substantial increase in serum TSH, albumin, AST, ALT, and ALP values, and a profound decrease in serum FT4 and FT3 values at PND 40 relative to those in the control group. Additionally, the hypothyroid state in both APAP-treated groups may increase the histopathological variations in the neonatal liver, such as destructive degeneration, fibrosis, fatty degeneration, fibroblast proliferation, haemorrhage, oedema, and vacuolar degeneration, at PND 40. Moreover, in the APAP groups, a marked depression was recorded in the t-SH and GSH levels and GPx and CAT activities at PND 40 in the neonatal liver compared to those in the control group. However, the levels of hepatic LPO, H2O2, and NO were increased in both APAP-treated groups at PND 40. All previous alterations were dose- dependent. CONCLUSION Neonatal APAP caused a hypothyroidism and disturbed hepatic cellular components by increasing prooxidant markers and decreasing antioxidant markers, causing hepatotoxicity. Thus, neonatal administrations of APAP may act as a neonatal thyroid-liver disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Science; Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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8
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Jaccob AA, Ahmed ZH, Aljasani BM. Vitamin C, omega-3 and paracetamol pharmacokinetic interactions using saliva specimens as determiners. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2019-0011. [PMID: 31393833 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background With its low side effects profile and availability as an over-the-counter drug, paracetamol has been utilized extensively worldwide as an antipyretic and analgesic agent for decades. This is associated with the increasing concern over its ease of access and/or unawareness of the consumers to this issue of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Paracetamol-induced liver injury today is a big problem where most of the researchers are interested in the possible role of the naturally available antioxidants to ameliorate hepatotoxicity through kinetic interference. So the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C and omega-3 on the pharmacokinetic property of paracetamol. Methods Six young (average age 29) healthy volunteers participated in the study. The study included three consecutive periods, each of which preceded by overnight fasting and separated by 6 day washout periods. The first period involved the ingestion of a single paracetamol dose. The second one included the ingestion of paracetamol and vitamin C concomitantly, and the final period included paracetamol plus omega-3. Saliva samples were collected and prepared for High-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Results There was a significant increase in saliva paracetamol level after 30 min of administration when given concomitantly with vitamin C compared with the remaining groups. No significant differences in the paracetamol concentration profile between the subjects for each group were observed at 60, 90, 120 and 150 min in all treated groups. Conclusion Concurrent administration of vitamin C with paracetamol increases significantly the Cmax level (maximum measured concentration) in saliva and increases the extent of absorption and the possibility of drug-drug interaction and risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausama Ayob Jaccob
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Basrah University, Basrah City, Iraq
| | - Zainab Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Basrah University, Basrah City, Iraq
| | - Baan Majid Aljasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Basrah University, Basrah City, Iraq
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Pingili R, Pawar AK, Challa SR. Quercetin reduced the formation of
N
‐acetyl‐
p
‐benzoquinoneimine, a toxic metabolite of paracetamol in rats and isolated rat hepatocytes. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1770-1783. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindrababu Pingili
- Research and Development, Department of PharmacyJawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada India
- Department of PharmacologyKVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vijayawada India
| | - A. Krishnamanjari Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University College of Pharmaceutical SciencesAndhra University Visakhapatnam India
| | - Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of PharmacologyKVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vijayawada India
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Pingili RB, Pawar AK, Challa SR. Effect of chrysin on the formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, a toxic metabolite of paracetamol in rats and isolated rat hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:123-134. [PMID: 30794797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (N-acetyl-para amino phenol) is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic around the world. Its causes hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity at overdose or even at therapeutic doses. It is primarily metabolized by glucuronidation and sulfate conjugation. It is also metabolized by cytochrome-P450 system (CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP 3A4), leading to the formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI). The present study was planned to investigate the influence of chrysin (known CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 inhibitor) on the bioactivation of paracetamol to NAPQI using rat liver microsomes in vitro and rats in vivo. Paracetamol (80 mg/kg) was administered orally without or with silymarin (100 mg/kg), a known CYP2E1 inhibitor and chrysin (100 and 200 mg/kg) to rats for 15 consecutive days. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of paracetamol were dose-dependently increased with chrysin (100 and 200 mg/kg) compared to paracetamol control group. On the other hand, the AUC0-∞ and Cmax of NAPQI were decreased significantly with chrysin (100 and 200 mg/kg). The elevated liver and kidney function markers were significantly reduced by chrysin and silymarin compared to paracetamol control group (P < 0.01). Histopathological studies of liver and kidney also well correlated with liver and kidney function tests. Chrysin also reduced the formation of NAPQI in the incubation samples of rat hepatocytes. The present study (both in vivo and in vitro) results revealed that chrysin might be inhibited the CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of paracetamol; thereby decreased the formation of NAPQI and protected the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Babu Pingili
- Research and Development, Department of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - A Krishnamanjari Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Siva R Challa
- Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Mohos V, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Schilli G, Hetényi C, Lemli B, Kunsági-Máté S, Bognár B, Poór M. Interaction of Chrysin and Its Main Conjugated Metabolites Chrysin-7-Sulfate and Chrysin-7-Glucuronide with Serum Albumin. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124073. [PMID: 30562928 PMCID: PMC6320863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid aglycone, which is found in nature and in several dietary supplements. During the biotransformation of chrysin, its conjugated metabolites chrysin-7-sulfate (C7S) and chrysin-7-glucuronide (C7G) are formed. Despite the fact that these conjugates appear in the circulation at much higher concentrations than chrysin, their interactions with serum albumin have not been reported. In this study, the complex formation of chrysin, C7S, and C7G with human (HSA) and bovine (BSA) serum albumins was investigated employing fluorescence spectroscopic, ultrafiltration, and modeling studies. Our major observations/conclusions are as follows: (1) Compared to chrysin, C7S binds with a threefold higher affinity to HSA, while C7G binds with a threefold lower affinity; (2) the albumin-binding of chrysin, C7S, and C7G did not show any large species differences regarding HSA and BSA; (3) tested flavonoids likely occupy Sudlow’s Site I in HSA; (4) C7S causes significant displacement of Sudlow’s Site I ligands, exerting an even stronger displacing ability than the parent compound chrysin. Considering the above-listed observations, the high intake of chrysin (e.g., through the consumption of dietary supplements with high chrysin contents) may interfere with the albumin-binding of several drugs, mainly due to the strong interaction of C7S with HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Schilli
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus utca 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus utca 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Bognár
- Department of Organic and Pharmacological Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Honvéd utca 1, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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12
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Subramanya SB, Venkataraman B, Meeran MFN, Goyal SN, Patil CR, Ojha S. Therapeutic Potential of Plants and Plant Derived Phytochemicals against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123776. [PMID: 30486484 PMCID: PMC6321362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP), which is also known as paracetamol or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol is a safe and potent drug for fever, pain and inflammation when used at its normal therapeutic doses. It is available as over-the-counter drug and used by all the age groups. The overdose results in acute liver failure that often requires liver transplantation. Current clinical therapy for APAP-induced liver toxicity is the administration of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a sulphydryl compound an approved drug which acts by replenishing cellular glutathione (GSH) stores in the liver. Over the past five decades, several studies indicate that the safety and efficacy of herbal extracts or plant derived compounds that are used either as monotherapy or as an adjunct therapy along with conventional medicines for hepatotoxicity have shown favorable responses. Phytochemicals mitigate necrotic cell death and protect against APAP-induced liver toxicityby restoring cellular antioxidant defense system, limiting oxidative stress and subsequently protecting mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Recent experimental evidences indicat that these phytochemicals also regulate differential gene expression to modulate various cellular pathways that are implicated in cellular protection. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the role of the phytochemicals, which are shown to be efficacious in clinically relevant APAP-induced hepatotoxicity experimental models. In this review, we have made comprehensive attempt to delineate the molecular mechanism and the cellular targets that are modulated by the phytochemicals to mediate the cytoprotective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. In this review, we have also defined the challenges and scope of phytochemicals to be developed as drugs to target APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box # 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE.
| | - Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box # 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE.
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box # 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE.
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra 424 001, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425 405, India.
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425 405, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box # 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE.
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Improved synergistic anticancer efficacy of quercetin in combination with PI-103, rottlerin, and G0 6983 against MCF-7 and RAW 264.7 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 55:36-44. [PMID: 30413935 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been chronicles of the history of a long way journey in the cure of physiological or pathophysiological conditions in various diseases including cancer. Our previous findings suggest the extensive mechanism of quercetin (QUE) mediated regression of cell survival, cell proliferation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis via modulating PI3K and PKC signaling in lymphoma as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. PI3K-PKC pathway is a key monitor of mammalian cells regulated by its different isoenzymes, which may exert similar or opposite cellular effects by differential coupling of signaling pathways. Put forward the invention of selective inhibitors against various isoenzymes is beneficial to reduce the burden of inclusive deleterious effects of drug for normal physiological process. Therefore, we hypothesized the improved anticancer efficacy of QUE in combination with isoenzyme inhibitors-rottlerin (ROT-PKCδ inhibitor), G0 6983 (PKCα inhibitor), and PI-103 (p110α-class I PI3K inhibitor) in MCF-7 and RAW 264.7 cells. QUE significantly improves the cytotoxicity of ROT + G0 6983 ranged 30-55% and PI-103 ranged 24-63% after 24-48 h against MCF-7 cells. Additionally in the presence of QUE, the improved cytotoxicity of ROT + G0 6983 is observed to range 69-75% and PI-103 ranged 45-88% after 24-48 h in RAW 264.7 cells. This increment in cell deaths are positively correlated with enhanced morphological alteration observed in MCF-7 cells. Further, QUE significantly increases the attenuation of PKCα level approximately by 50% in combination with PI-103. Overall results of the current study suggested that QUE improves the synergistic anticancer efficacy in combination with PI-103, ROT, and G0 6983 in MCF-7 and RAW 264.7 cells.
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The concomitant use of lapatinib and paracetamol - the risk of interaction. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:819-827. [PMID: 29464465 PMCID: PMC6153549 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lapatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of breast cancer. Paracetamol is an analgesic commonly applied to patients with mild or moderate pain and fever. Cancer patients are polymedicated, which involves high risk of drug interactions during therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the interaction between lapatinib and paracetamol in rats. The rats were divided into three groups of eight animals in each. One group received lapatinib + paracetamol (IL + PA), another group received lapatinib (IIL), whereas the last group received paracetamol (IIIPA). A single dose of lapatinib (100 mg/kg b.w.) and paracetamol (100 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally. Plasma concentrations of lapatinib, paracetamol and its metabolites – glucuronide and sulphate, were measured with the validated HPLC-MS/MS method and HPLC-UV method, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of both drugs were calculated using non-compartmental methods. The co-administration of lapatinib and paracetamol increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the maximum concentration (Cmax) of lapatinib by 239.6% (p = 0.0030) and 184% (p = 0.0011), respectively. Lapatinib decreased the paracetamol AUC0-∞ by 48.8% and Cmax by 55.7%. In the IL + PA group the Cmax of paracetamol glucuronide was reduced, whereas the Cmax of paracetamol sulphate was higher than in the IIIPA group. Paracetamol significantly affected the enhanced plasma exposure of lapatinib. Additionally, lapatinib reduced the concentrations of paracetamol. The co-administration of lapatinib decreased the paracetamol glucuronidation but increased the sulphation. The findings of this study may be of clinical relevance to patients requiring analgesic therapy.
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Andres S, Pevny S, Ziegenhagen R, Bakhiya N, Schäfer B, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Lampen A. Safety Aspects of the Use of Quercetin as a Dietary Supplement. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29127724 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid quercetin is frequently found in low amounts as a secondary plant metabolite in fruits and vegetables. Isolated quercetin is also marketed as a dietary supplement, mostly as the free quercetin aglycone, and frequently in daily doses of up to 1000 mg d-1 exceeding usual dietary intake levels. The present review is dedicated to safety aspects of isolated quercetin used as single compound in dietary supplements. Among the numerous published human intervention studies, adverse effects following supplemental quercetin intake have been rarely reported and any such effects were mild in nature. Published adequate scientific data for safety assessment in regard to the long-term use (>12 weeks) of high supplemental quercetin doses (≥1000 mg) are currently not available. Based on animal studies involving oral quercetin application some possible critical safety aspects could be identified such as the potential of quercetin to enhance nephrotoxic effects in the predamaged kidney or to promote tumor development especially in estrogen-dependent cancer. Furthermore, animal and human studies with single time or short-term supplemental quercetin application revealed interactions between quercetin and certain drugs leading to altered drug bioavailability. Based on these results, some potential risk groups are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Andres
- Department of Food Safety, Former employee of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Pevny
- Department of Food Safety, Former employee of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Ziegenhagen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadiya Bakhiya
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Abdel-Daim M, Abushouk AI, Reggi R, Yarla NS, Palmery M, Peluso I. Association of antioxidant nutraceuticals and acetaminophen (paracetamol): Friend or foe? J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:S78-S87. [PMID: 29703389 PMCID: PMC9326882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (paracetamol or APAP) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that can induce oxidative stress-mediated hepatotoxicity at high doses. Several studies reported that antioxidant nutraceuticals, in particular phenolic phytochemicals from dietary food, spices, herbs and algae have hepatoprotective effects. Others, however, suggested that they may negatively impact the metabolism, efficacy and toxicity of APAP. The aim of this review is to discuss the pros and consofthe association of antioxidant nutraceuticals and APAP by reviewing the in vivo evidence, with particular reference to APAP pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity. Results from the murine models of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity showed amelioration of liver damage with nutraceuticals coadministration, as well as reductions in tissue markers of oxidative stress, and serum levels of hepatic enzymes, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, both increased and decreased APAP plasma levels have been reported, depending on the nutraceutical type and route of administration. For example, studies showed that repeated administration of flavonoids causes down-regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes and up-regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). Moreover, nutraceuticals can alter the levels of APAP metabolites, such as mercapturate glucuronide, sulfate and cysteine conjugates. Overall, the reviewed in vivo studies indicate that interactions between APAP and nutraceuticals or plant foods exist. However, the majority of data come from animal models with doses of phytochemicals far from dietary ones. Human studies should investigate gene-diet interactions, as well as ethnic variability in order to clarify the pros and cons of co-administering antioxidant nutraceuticals and APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Raffaella Reggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Divisions of Biochemistry & Chemistry, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Maura Palmery
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy.
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Wang X, Wu Q, Liu A, Anadón A, Rodríguez JL, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Yuan Z, Martínez MA. Paracetamol: overdose-induced oxidative stress toxicity, metabolism, and protective effects of various compounds in vivo and in vitro. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:395-437. [PMID: 28766385 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1354014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (APAP) is one of the most widely used and popular over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drugs in the world when used at therapeutic doses. APAP overdose can cause severe liver injury, liver necrosis and kidney damage in human beings and animals. Many studies indicate that oxidative stress is involved in the various toxicities associated with APAP, and various antioxidants were evaluated to investigate their protective roles against APAP-induced liver and kidney toxicities. To date, almost no review has addressed the APAP toxicity in relation to oxidative stress. This review updates the research conducted over the past decades into the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and oxidative stress as a result of APAP treatments, and ultimately their correlation with the toxicity and metabolism of APAP. The metabolism of APAP involves various CYP450 enzymes, through which oxidative stress might occur, and such metabolic factors are reviewed within. The therapeutics of a variety of compounds against APAP-induced organ damage based on their anti-oxidative effects is also discussed, in order to further understand the role of oxidative stress in APAP-induced toxicity. This review will throw new light on the critical roles of oxidative stress in APAP-induced toxicity, as well as on the contradictions and blind spots that still exist in the understanding of APAP toxicity, the cellular effects in terms of organ injury and cell signaling pathways, and finally strategies to help remedy such against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- c College of Life Science , Yangtze University , Jingzhou , China.,d Faculty of Informatics and Management , Center for Basic and Applied Research, University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Aimei Liu
- b National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - José-Luis Rodríguez
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- b National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China.,e MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China.,f Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Karbownik A, Szałek E, Sobańska K, Grabowski T, Wolc A, Grześkowiak E. Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between erlotinib and paracetamol: A potential risk for clinical practice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 102:55-62. [PMID: 28232141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor available for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Paracetamol is an analgesic agent, commonly used in cancer patients. Because these drugs are often co-administered, there is an increasing issue of interaction between them. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetic parameters of erlotinib, as well as the influence of erlotinib on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. METHODS The rabbits were divided into three groups: the rabbits receiving erlotinib (IER), the group receiving paracetamol (IIPR), and the rabbits receiving erlotinib+paracetamol (IIIER+PR). A single dose of erlotinib was administered orally (25mg) and was administered intravenously (35mg/kg). Plasma concentrations of erlotinib, its metabolite (OSI420), paracetamol and its metabolites - glucuronide and sulphate were measured with the validated method. RESULTS During paracetamol co-administration we observed increased erlotinib maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) by 87.7% and 31.1%, respectively. In turn, erlotinib lead to decreased paracetamol AUC0-∞ by 35.5% and Cmax by 18.9%. The mean values of paracetamol glucuronide/paracetamol ratios for Cmax were 32.2% higher, whereas paracetamol sulphate/paracetamol ratios for Cmax and AUC0-∞ were 37.1% and 57.1% lower in the IIPR group, when compared to the IIIER+PR group. CONCLUSIONS Paracetamol had significant effect on the enhanced plasma exposure of erlotinib. Additionally, erlotinib contributed to the lower concentrations of paracetamol. Decreased glucuronidation and increased sulphation of paracetamol after co-administration of erlotinib were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Karbownik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Św. Marii Magdaleny 14, PL 61-861 Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Szałek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Św. Marii Magdaleny 14, PL 61-861 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sobańska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Św. Marii Magdaleny 14, PL 61-861 Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Anna Wolc
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 239E Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Hy-Line International, 2583 240th Street, Dallas Center, IA 50063, USA
| | - Edmund Grześkowiak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Św. Marii Magdaleny 14, PL 61-861 Poznań, Poland
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Xue H, Xie W, Jiang Z, Wang M, Wang J, Zhao H, Zhang X. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, a microbiota-derived metabolite of quercetin, attenuates acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury through activation of Nrf-2. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:931-9. [PMID: 26931552 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1140847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose leads to severe hepatotoxicity. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is a scarcely studied microbiota-derived metabolite of quercetin. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of DOPAC against APAP-induced liver injury. 2. Mice were treated intragastrically with DOPAC (10, 20 or 50 mg/kg) for 3 days before APAP (300 mg/kg) injection. APAP alone caused increase in serum aminotransferase levels and changes in hepatic histopathology. APAP also promoted oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing anti-oxidant enzyme activities. These events led to hepatocellular necrosis and reduced liver function. DOPAC increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) translocation to the nucleus and enhanced the expression of phase II enzymes and anti-oxidant enzymes, and thereby reduced APAP hepatotoxicity and enhanced anti-oxidant ability. 3. Our data provide evidence that DOPAC protected the liver against APAP-induced injury, which is involved in Nrf-2 activation, implying that DOPAC can be considered as a potential natural hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xue
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University , Urumqi , PR China and.,b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , PR China
| | - Wenyan Xie
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , PR China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , PR China
| | - Hongqiong Zhao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University , Urumqi , PR China and
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University , Urumqi , PR China and.,b College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , PR China
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Srinivas NR. Recent trends in preclinical drug-drug interaction studies of flavonoids--Review of case studies, issues and perspectives. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1679-91. [PMID: 26343418 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Because of health benefits that are manifested across various disease areas, the consumption of herbal products and/or health supplements containing different kinds of flavonoids has been on the rise. While the drug-drug interaction potential between flavonoids and co-ingested drugs still remain an issue, opportunities exist for the combination of flavonoids with suitable anti-cancer drugs to enhance the bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs and thereby reduce the dose size of the anti-cancer drugs and improve its therapeutic index. In recent years, scores of flavonoids have undergone preclinical investigation with variety of drugs encompassing therapeutic areas such as oncology (etoposide, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen etc.), immunosuppression (cyclosporine) and hypertension (losartan, felodipine, nitrendipine etc.). The review provides examples of the recent trends in the preclinical investigation of 14 flavonoids (morin, quercetin, silibinin, kaempferol etc.) with various co-administered drugs. The relevance of combination of flavonoids with anti-cancer drugs and a framework to help design the in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies to gain better mechanistic insights are discussed. Also, concise discussions on the various physiological factors that contribute for the reduced bioavailability of flavonoids along with the significant challenges in the data interpretation are provided.
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