Monitoring of the manufacturing process for ambroxol hydrochloride tablet using NIR-chemometric methods: compression effect on content uniformity model and relevant process parameters testing

Thermo-Analytical and Compatibility Study with Mechanistic Explanation of Degradation Kinetics of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Tablets under Non-Isothermal Conditions

Ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB), used as a broncho secretolytic and an expectorant drug, is a semi-synthetic derivative of vasicine obtained from the Indian shrub Adhatoda vasica. It is a metabolic product of bromhexine. The paper provides comprehensive and detailed research on ambroxol hydrochloride, gives information on thermal stability, the mechanism of AMB degradation, and data of practical interest for optimization of formulation that contains AMB as an active compound. Investigation on pure AMB and in commercial formulation Flavamed^® tablet (FT), which contains AMB as an active compound, was performed systematically using thermal and spectroscopic methods, along with a sophisticated and practical statistical approach. AMB proved to be a heat-stable and humidity-sensitive drug. For its successful formulation, special attention should be addressed to excipients since it was found that polyvinyl pyrrolidone and Mg stearate affect the thermal stability of AMB. At the same time, lactose monohydrate contributes to faster degradation of AMB and change in decomposition mechanism. It was found that the n-th order kinetic model mechanistically best describes the decomposition process of pure AMB and in Flavamed^® tablets.

Pharmaceutical application of multivariate modelling techniques: a review on the manufacturing of tablets

The tablet manufacturing process is a complex system, especially in continuous manufacturing (CM). It includes multiple unit operations, such as mixing, granulation, and tableting. In tablet manufacturing, critical quality attributes are influenced by multiple factorial relationships between material properties, process variables, and interactions. Moreover, the variation in raw material attributes and manufacturing processes is an inherent characteristic and seriously affects the quality of pharmaceutical products. To deepen our understanding of the tablet manufacturing process, multivariable modeling techniques can replace univariate analysis to investigate tablet manufacturing. In this review, the roles of the most prominent multivariate modeling techniques in the tablet manufacturing process are discussed. The review mainly focuses on applying multivariate modeling techniques to process understanding, optimization, process monitoring, and process control within multiple unit operations. To minimize the errors in the process of modeling, good modeling practice (GMoP) was introduced into the pharmaceutical process. Furthermore, current progress in the continuous manufacturing of tablets and the role of multivariate modeling techniques in continuous manufacturing are introduced. In this review, information is provided to both researchers and manufacturers to improve tablet quality.

Quantitative Monitoring the Anti-Solvent Crystallization and Storage Process for Nandrolone by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

A novel hydrate (S_H2O) of nandrolone was prepared by anti-solvent methods. The crystallization processes with 2 schemes (A and B) were monitored by in-line near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The amounts of S_H2O in powder samples obtained by the anti-solvent crystallization and storage process were quantified by NIR combined with chemometrics methods. In-line NIR spectra from 4500 to 8000 cm^-1 were chosen to capture physicochemical changes during the whole crystallization process. The combination of the principal component results with offline characterization (scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, NIR) data showed that both schemes yielded high purity S_H2O products, but the crystallization speed of scheme B was significantly accelerated. It was demonstrated that in-line NIR spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis can be very useful to monitor in real time and control the anti-solvent crystallization process. Moreover, the solubility and the solid-state transformation of nandrolone under different storage conditions were investigated. The apparent solubility of S_H2O was 2.19-2.44 times of Form I, and S_H2O was relatively stable when stored at a high relative humidity and temperature below 25°C.