Potential interaction between zinc ions and a cyclodextrin-based diclofenac formulation

Inclusion Complexes of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with Cyclodextrins: A Systematic Review

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most widely used classes of medicines in the treatment of inflammation, fever, and pain. However, evidence has demonstrated that these drugs can induce significant toxicity. In the search for innovative strategies to overcome NSAID-related problems, the incorporation of drugs into cyclodextrins (CDs) has demonstrated promising results. This study aims to review the impact of cyclodextrin incorporation on the biopharmaceutical and pharmacological properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A systematic search for papers published between 2010 and 2020 was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the following search terms: “Complexation”; AND “Cyclodextrin”; AND “non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug”. A total of 24 different NSAIDs, 12 types of CDs, and 60 distinct inclusion complexes were identified, with meloxicam and β-CD appearing in most studies. The results of the present review suggest that CDs are drug delivery systems capable of improving the pharmacological and biopharmaceutical properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Thermodynamics of inclusion within cyclodextrins and structural evidence of Cu(indomethacin)2 and Zn(indomethacin)2 complexes in aqueous solutions

Cu(IMC)₂ and Zn(IMC)₂ inclusion within cyclodextrins is spontaneous, the former driven by entropic and the last by enthalpic contributions.

Rational Design of Rapidly Separating Dissolving Microneedles for Precise Drug Delivery by Balancing the Mechanical Performance and Disintegration Rate

The precise delivery of traditional dissolving microneedles (TDMNs) is often limited by the incomplete insertion due to the skin deformation, and the topical irritation is inevitable after long application, which ultimately results in compromised therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study is to develop a rapidly separating dissolving microneedles (RSDMNs) system to achieve precise drug delivery. Therapeutic molecules are concentrated in the needle tip, while the blank separating part allows it to counteract skin indentation and rapidly separate from the base part. For rational design of an ideal separating part, and the molecular interactions between polymer and sugar are explored to make a good balance between mechanical performance and disintegration rate. The optimal RSDMNs can rapidly disintegrate in the mimic skin within 30 s, and the generated micropores in the skin reseal quickly. The ex vivo drug permeation of RSDMNs is significantly higher than that of TDMNs due to the complete needle imbed aided by the separating part. Furthermore, RSDMNs exhibit excellent in vivo anti-inflammation effect by remarkably down regulating the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In conclusion, the RSDMNs can reach precise drug delivery in a short time, which are more reliable for the self-administration strategy in the future.