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Taskar PS, Patil A, Lakhani P, Ashour E, Gul W, ElSohly MA, Murphy B, Majumdar S. Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Derivative-Loaded Nanoformulation Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Normotensive Rabbits. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:15. [PMID: 31588378 PMCID: PMC6753841 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, a hydrophilic prodrug of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, synthesized with the aim of improving the ocular bioavailability of the parent molecule, was investigated in a lipid-based nanoparticle dosage form for ocular delivery. METHODS Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, along with a nanoemulsion of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate, were tested for glaucoma management in a normotensive rabbit model by using a multiple-dosing protocol. Marketed formulations of timolol maleate and pilocarpine HCl were also tested for their pharmacodynamic profile, post-single dose administration. RESULTS A peak intraocular pressure (IOP) drop of 30% from baseline was observed in rabbits treated with SLNs loaded with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate at 90 minutes. Treated eyes of rabbits receiving Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate SLNs had significantly lower IOP than untreated eyes until 360 minutes, whereas the group receiving the emulsion formulation showed a drop in IOP until 90 minutes only. In comparison to marketed pilocarpine and timolol maleate ophthalmic solutions, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate SLNs produced a greater effect on IOP in terms of both intensity and duration. In terms of tissue concentrations, significantly higher concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate were observed in iris-ciliary bodies and retina-choroid with SLNs. CONCLUSION Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-valine-hemisuccinate formulated in a lipid-based nanoparticulate carrier shows promise in glaucoma pharmacotherapy. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Glaucoma therapies usually focus on decreased aqueous humor production and increased outflow. However, such therapy is not curative, and there lies a need in preclinical research to focus efforts on agents that not only affect the aqueous humor dynamics but also provide neuroprotection. Historically, there have been bench-scale studies looking at retinal ganglion cell death post-axonal injury. However, for a smooth translation of this in vitro activity to the clinic, animal models examining IOP reduction, i.e., connecting the neuroprotective activity to a measurable outcome in glaucoma management (IOP), need to be investigated. This study investigated the IOP reduction efficacy of cannabinoids for glaucoma pharmacotherapy in a normotensive rabbit model, bringing forth a new class of agents with the potential of IOP reduction and improved permeation to the back of the eye, possibly providing neuroprotective benefits in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal S Taskar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Akash Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Prit Lakhani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Eman Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Waseem Gul
- ElSohly Laboratories Inc., Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- ElSohly Laboratories Inc., Oxford, MS, USA
| | | | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Nascimento Menezes PM, Valença Pereira EC, Gomes da Cruz Silva ME, da Silva BAO, de Souza Duarte Filho LAM, de Lima Araújo TC, Bezerra Lima KS, Silva FS, Rolim LA. Cannabis and Cannabinoids on Treatment of Inflammation: A Patent Review. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2019; 13:256-267. [PMID: 31237222 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666190618124345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory process is a physiological response to a vast number of harmful stimulus that takes place in order to restore homeostasis. Many drugs used in pharmacotherapy are effective to control inflammatory responses, however, there is a range of adverse effects attributed to steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this sense, herbal medicine and derivatives have gained more attention because of their effectiveness and safety, showing the importance of medicinal plants, especially the Cannabis genus and the cannabinoid derivatives. OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospection was to identify data related to patents involving Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of inflammation. METHODS To do so, a search for patents was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Cannabis and cannabinoids. Four specialized databases for patent research were consulted using the terms "cannabis", "cannabidiol", "cannabinoids" and "THC" associated with "inflammation". RESULTS A total of 370 patents were found, of which 17 patents met the inclusion criteria. Although reports show synergistic effects of the plant components, patents involving Cannabis and cannabinoids focus on isolated substances (CBD e THC). CONCLUSION However, patents related to Cannabis and cannabinoids are promising for future use of the plant or its derivatives on the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kátia Simoni Bezerra Lima
- Pos-graduacao em Biotecnologia - RENORBIO, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco- UFRPE - Recife/PE, Brazil
- Colegiado de Enfermagem - CENF, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF - Petrolina/PE, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Souza Silva
- Pos-graduacao em Biotecnologia - RENORBIO, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco- UFRPE - Recife/PE, Brazil
- Colegiado de Farmácia - CFARM, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF - Petrolina/PE, Brazil
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Pos-graduacao em Biotecnologia - RENORBIO, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco- UFRPE - Recife/PE, Brazil
- Pos-graduacao em Biociencias - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco - UNIVASF - Petrolina/ PE, Brazil
- Colegiado de Farmácia - CFARM, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF - Petrolina/PE, Brazil
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