Effects of the Administration of Ketoprofen gel on the Percutaneous Absorption of Ketoprofen in Rabbits

Soft tissue contusion repairing effects of Hong Yao with different penetration enhancers

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Hong Yao aerosol (HYA) is a new dosage form developed from Hong Yao, a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, which has the efficacy of promoting soft tissue contusion repair, anti-inflammation, and analgesia.

AIM

To evaluate the soft tissue contusion repairing, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of HYA formulations with different penetration enhancers (PE) and to quantify the transdermal absorption of HYA component.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Three preparations of HYA with different PEs were made: DMSO preparation (5% DMSO as additional PE), Azone preparation (3% azone as additional PE), and NAPE preparation (no additional PE). Four in vivo rodent models were employed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects of the HYAs: mouse soft tissue contusion model, rat paw edema model, mouse ear swelling model, and mouse analgesia model of electric-stimulated foot. In vitro skin penetration experiment was applied to evaluate the transdermal absorption of HYA components.

RESULTS

All HYA preparations showed effects on soft tissue contusion repairing, anti-inflammation, and analgesia compared with the blank control (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the three preparations. Pathological variation of mice skin and the pain response time (PRT) reduction phenomena indicated that DMSO preparation induced skin irritation. In vitro skin penetration experiment showed no significant difference between DMSO and NAPE on absorption enhancement of ferulic acid from HYA.

CONCLUSIONS

NAPE preparation was considered as best and Menthol/borneol (6.3%, W/W, 4:1.75) in HYA might be a good PE combination.

Evaluation of percutaneous absorption and skin irritation of ketoprofen through rat skin: in vitro and in vivo study

The influences of different mechanisms of penetration enhancers (such as menthol, azone, ethanol and nonivarnide) regarding the percutaneous absorption and skin irritation of ketoprofen formulations through rat skin were investigated by in vitro and in vivo study. The skin irritation degree at the end of the experiment (10 h) was deterinined by pathologic biopsy and colorimetry methods. In vitro, the menthol showed the most potent enhancing effect. Furthermore, the enhancement effect of a combination of menthol and nonivamide was higher than that of their individual use alone. In vivo the formulation containing 0.05% nonivantide, 5% menthol and 20% ethanol showed a higher penetration rate and an acceptable degree of skin irritation compared to a commercial product (Formax plus gel containing 3% ketoprofen), indicating that it could be used in the clinical situation.