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Kim H, Choi SM, Park S. GSEH: A Novel Approach to Select Prostate Cancer-Associated Genes Using Gene Expression Heterogeneity. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:129-146. [PMID: 27775535 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2016.2618927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When a gene shows varying levels of expression among normal people but similar levels in disease patients or shows similar levels of expression among normal people but different levels in disease patients, we can assume that the gene is associated with the disease. By utilizing this gene expression heterogeneity, we can obtain additional information that abets discovery of disease-associated genes. In this study, we used collaborative filtering to calculate the degree of gene expression heterogeneity between classes and then scored the genes on the basis of the degree of gene expression heterogeneity to find "differentially predicted" genes. Through the proposed method, we discovered more prostate cancer-associated genes than 10 comparable methods. The genes prioritized by the proposed method are potentially significant to biological processes of a disease and can provide insight into them.
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Qin Z, Li X, Han P, Zheng Y, Liu H, Tang J, Yang C, Zhang J, Wang K, Qi X, Tang M, Wang W, Zhang W. Association between polymorphic CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene and susceptibility to prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7258. [PMID: 28640128 PMCID: PMC5484236 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have been conducted to reveal the relationship between androgen receptor CAG polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer, yet the results were elusive and controversial. Thus, this meta-analysis was performed to clarify this association. METHODS To obtain the relevant available studies, online databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of science were searched until September 1st, 2016. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of such association. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on ethnicity and source of controls. Moreover, Begg's funnel plots and Egger's linear regression test were conducted to test the publication bias. RESULTS Overall, our results enrolled 51 studies indicated that significant increased risk of prostate cancer was associated with androgen receptor CAG polymorphism (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.89). In addition, compared with CAG repeat <20, 22, carriers of ≧20, 22 repeats had decreased risk of prostate cancer (cut-off point = 20: OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13-0.52; cut-off point = 22: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97). However, when cut-off point = 23, no significant result was detected in such association (pooled OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.63-1.24). When cut-off point is 22, the results were positive only in Asian population (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.89) in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity. Besides, when the studies were stratified by source of controls, the results were not significant in both the subgroup of population-based controls and hospital-based controls. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested the carriers of short polymorphic CAG repeats might increase susceptibility to prostate cancer, which held potential as a detecting marker of the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Hanyu Liu
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Chengdi Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang
| | - Xiaokang Qi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Urology, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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Weng H, Li S, Huang JY, He ZQ, Meng XY, Cao Y, Fang C, Zeng XT. Androgen receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40554. [PMID: 28091563 PMCID: PMC5238402 DOI: 10.1038/srep40554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the association between CAG and GGN repeats in the androgen receptor gene and prostate cancer risk has been widely studied, it remains controversial from previous meta-analyses and narrative reviews. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to provide more precise estimates with sufficient power. A total of 51 publications with 61 studies for CAG repeats and 14 publications with 16 studies for GGN repeats were identified in the meta-analysis. The results showed that short CAG repeats (<22 repeats) carriers presented an elevated risk of prostate cancer than long CAG repeats (≥22) carriers (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.47). Prostate cancer cases presented an average fewer CAG repeats (MD = −0.85, 95% CI −1.28 to −0.42) than controls. Short GGN repeats (≤16) carriers presented an increased risk of prostate cancer than long GGN repeats (>16) carriers (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.82). In subgroup analyses, the abovementioned significant association was predominantly observed in Caucasian populations. The meta-analysis showed that short CAG and GGN repeats in androgen receptor gene were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, especially in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Weng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Huang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Qi He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Meng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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Andreucci A, Mocevic E, Jönsson BAG, Giwercman A, Giwercman YL, Toft G, Lundh T, Bizzaro D, Specht IO, Bonde JP. Cadmium may impair prostate function as measured by prostate specific antigen in semen: A cross-sectional study among European and Inuit men. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 53:33-8. [PMID: 25660730 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between cadmium in blood and the concentration of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) in semen, including the modifying effects of zinc or the CAG polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR). Blood and semen samples were collected from 504 partners of pregnant women in Greenland, Poland and Ukraine. We found an inverse trend between cadmium and PSA (log(β) = -0.121, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.213; -0.029, P = 0.0103) in Greenlandic men. Similar results were observed in men with a high number of CAG repeats (CAG 24) (log(β) = -0.231, 95% CI: -0.363; -0.098, P = 0.0009). Inverse trends between cadmium and PSA were found when semen zinc concentrations were below the median value for men from Ukraine and Greenland. These outcomes suggest that cadmium may impair prostate function, as measured by PSA in semen, while high zinc levels and a low number of CAG repeats protects against this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Andreucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Emina Mocevic
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400 København NV, Denmark
| | - Bo A G Jönsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Malmö University Hospital, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Davide Bizzaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400 København NV, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400 København NV, Denmark
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SUN JUNHYUN, LEE SANGAH. Association between CAG repeat polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis by race, study design and the number of (CAG)n repeat polymorphisms. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1195-203. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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DZIEDZIEJKO VIOLETTA, KURZAWSKI MATEUSZ, SAFRANOW KRZYSZTOF, OSSOWSKI ANDRZEJ, PIATEK JAROSLAW, PARAFINIUK MIROSLAW, CHLUBEK DARIUSZ, PAWLIK ANDRZEJ. CAG Repeat Polymorphism in the Androgen Receptor Gene in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2011; 39:10-7. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease, with a genetic and hormonal background. The prevalence of women among patients with RA suggests the important role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of RA. We examined the association between CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene and susceptibility to RA and its clinical features in white women.Methods.The study groups consisted of 325 female patients with RA and 238 female controls. CAG repeat polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction and subsequent fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis.Results.The number of CAG repeats in patients did not differ from that of controls (22.1 ± 2.9 vs 21.9 ± 2.9, respectively; p = 0.26), but the presence of articular erosions was associated with a lower number of repeats in the shorter allele of patients with RA (20.4 ± 2.2 vs 21.2 ± 2.4; p = 0.031). When alleles with < 22 CAG were classified as short (S) and those with ≥ 22 CAG as long (L), the age at diagnosis of RA was lower in women with S-S genotype in comparison to combined S-L + L-L genotypes (43.0 ± 14.6 yrs vs 47.6 ± 12.5 yrs; p = 0.021). In patients with the L-L genotype, the frequency of erosive disease (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25–0.80, p = 0.0085) and extraarticular manifestations (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.26–0.98, p = 0.047) was lower in comparison to carriers of the S allele. In multivariate analysis, the L-L genotype was an independent factor associated with a lower risk of erosions (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.90, p = 0.024).Conclusion.The results suggest the association of short AR (CAG)n alleles with earlier onset and a more aggressive course of RA.
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