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FGF-2-dependent signaling activated in aged human skeletal muscle promotes intramuscular adipogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021013118. [PMID: 34493647 PMCID: PMC8449320 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021013118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged skeletal muscle is markedly affected by fatty muscle infiltration, and strategies to reduce the occurrence of intramuscular adipocytes are urgently needed. Here, we show that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) not only stimulates muscle growth but also promotes intramuscular adipogenesis. Using multiple screening assays upstream and downstream of microRNA (miR)-29a signaling, we located the secreted protein and adipogenic inhibitor SPARC to an FGF-2 signaling pathway that is conserved between skeletal muscle cells from mice and humans and that is activated in skeletal muscle of aged mice and humans. FGF-2 induces the miR-29a/SPARC axis through transcriptional activation of FRA-1, which binds and activates an evolutionary conserved AP-1 site element proximal in the miR-29a promoter. Genetic deletions in muscle cells and adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of FGF-2 or SPARC in mouse skeletal muscle revealed that this axis regulates differentiation of fibro/adipogenic progenitors in vitro and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) formation in vivo. Skeletal muscle from human donors aged >75 y versus <55 y showed activation of FGF-2-dependent signaling and increased IMAT. Thus, our data highlights a disparate role of FGF-2 in adult skeletal muscle and reveals a pathway to combat fat accumulation in aged human skeletal muscle.
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Nakamura-Takahashi A, Miyake K, Watanabe A, Hirai Y, Iijima O, Miyake N, Adachi K, Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Kinoshita H, Noguchi T, Abe S, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Shimada T, Okada T. Treatment of hypophosphatasia by muscle-directed expression of bone-targeted alkaline phosphatase via self-complementary AAV8 vector. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:15059. [PMID: 26904710 PMCID: PMC4739158 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited disease caused by genetic mutations in the gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP). This results in defects in bone and tooth mineralization. We recently demonstrated that TNALP-deficient (Akp2 (-/-) ) mice, which mimic the phenotype of the severe infantile form of HPP, can be treated by intravenous injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing bone-targeted TNALP with deca-aspartates at the C-terminus (TNALP-D10) driven by the tissue-nonspecific CAG promoter. To develop a safer and more clinically applicable transduction strategy for HPP gene therapy, we constructed a self-complementary type 8 AAV (scAAV8) vector that expresses TNALP-D10 via the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter (scAAV8-MCK-TNALP-D10) and examined the efficacy of muscle-directed gene therapy. When scAAV8-MCK-TNALP-D10 was injected into the bilateral quadriceps of neonatal Akp2 (-/-) mice, the treated mice grew well and survived for more than 3 months, with a healthy appearance and normal locomotion. Improved bone architecture, but limited elongation of the long bone, was demonstrated on X-ray images. Micro-CT analysis showed hypomineralization and abnormal architecture of the trabecular bone in the epiphysis. These results suggest that rAAV-mediated, muscle-specific expression of TNALP-D10 represents a safe and practical option to treat the severe infantile form of HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Clinical Genetics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Iijima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Kinoshita
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Tokyo Dental College , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Noguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jose Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo, Japan
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Igarashi T. Gene Therapy Using Neuroprotective Factors in Glaucoma. J NIPPON MED SCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.81.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Igarashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School
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Gruntman AM, Bish LT, Mueller C, Sweeney HL, Flotte TR, Gao G. Gene transfer in skeletal and cardiac muscle using recombinant adeno-associated virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 14:Unit 14D.3. [PMID: 23408131 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc14d03s28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a DNA virus with a small (∼4.7 kb) single-stranded genome. It is a naturally replication-defective parvovirus of the dependovirus group. Recombinant AAV (rAAV), for use as a gene transfer vector, is created by replacing the viral rep and cap genes with the transgene of interest along with promoter and polyadenylation sequences. Only the viral inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) are required in cis for replication and packaging during production. The ITRs are also necessary and sufficient for vector genome processing and persistence during transduction. The tissue tropism of the rAAV vector is determined by the AAV capsid. In this unit we will discuss several methods to deliver rAAV in order to transduce cardiac and/or skeletal muscle, including intravenous delivery, intramuscular delivery, isolated limb infusion, intrapericardial injection in neonatal mice, and left ventricular wall injection in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha M Gruntman
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, USA
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AAV8 vector expressing IL24 efficiently suppresses tumor growth mediated by specific mechanisms in MLL/AF4-positive ALL model mice. Blood 2011; 119:64-71. [PMID: 22025528 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-354050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)/AF4-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common type of leukemia in infants, which is associated with a high relapse rate and poor prognosis. IL24 selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells and exerts immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic effects. We examined the effects of adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) vector-mediated muscle-directed systemic gene therapy in MLL/AF4-positive ALL using IL24. In a series of in vitro studies, we examined the effects of AAV8-IL24-transduced C2C12 cell-conditioned medium. We also examined the effects of AAV8-IL24 in MLL/AF4 transgenic mice. The results revealed the effects of AAV8-IL24 in MLL/AF4-positive ALL both in vitro and in vivo. With regard to the mechanism of therapy using AAV8-IL24 in MLL/AF4-positive ALL, we demonstrated the antiangiogenicity and effects on the ER stress pathway and unreported pathways through inhibition of S100A6 and HOXA9, which is specific to MLL/AF4-positive ALL. Inhibition of S100A6 by IL24 was dependent on TNF-α and induced acetylation of p53 followed by activation of the caspase 8-caspase 3 apoptotic pathway. Inhibition of HOXA9 by IL24, which was independent of TNF-α, induced MEIS1 activation followed by activation of the caspase 8-caspase 3 apoptotic pathway. Thus, gene therapy using AAV8-IL24 is a promising treatment for MLL/AF4-positive ALL.
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