1
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Cheng F, Tang YF, Cao Y, Peng SQ, Zhu XR, Sun Y, Wang SH, Wang B, Lu YM. KCNAB2 overexpression inhibits human non-small-cell lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:382. [PMID: 37852974 PMCID: PMC10584983 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. NSCLC patients often have poor prognosis demanding urgent identification of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. KCNAB2 (regulatory beta subunit2 of voltage-gated potassium channel), encoding aldosterone reductase, plays a pivotal role in regulating potassium channel activity. In this research, we tested the expression of KCNAB2 as well as its potential functions in human NSCLC. Bioinformatics analysis shows that expression of KCNAB2 mRNA is significantly downregulated in human NSCLC, correlating with poor overall survival. In addition, decreased KCNAB2 expression was detected in different NSCLC cell lines and local human NSCLC tissues. Exogenous overexpression of KCNAB2 potently suppressed growth, proliferation and motility of established human NSCLC cells and promoted NSCLC cells apoptosis. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-induced KCNAB2 knockout further promoted the malignant biological behaviors of NSCLC cells. Protein chip analysis in the KCNAB2-overexpressed NSCLC cells revealed that KCNAB2 plays a possible role in AKT-mTOR cascade activation. Indeed, AKT-mTOR signaling activation was potently inhibited following KCNAB2 overexpression in NSCLC cells. It was however augmented by KCNAB2 knockout. In vivo, the growth of subcutaneous KCNAB2-overexpressed A549 xenografts was significantly inhibited. Collectively, KCNAB2 could be a novel effective gene for prognosis prediction of NSCLC. Targeting KCNAB2 may lead to the development of advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Fei Tang
- Department of Soochow Medical college, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Shi-Qing Peng
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiao-Ren Zhu
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Shu-Hang Wang
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi-Min Lu
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
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2
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Dupuy M, Gueguinou M, Potier-Cartereau M, Lézot F, Papin M, Chantôme A, Rédini F, Vandier C, Verrecchia F. SK Ca- and Kv1-type potassium channels and cancer: Promising therapeutic targets? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115774. [PMID: 37678626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane structures that allow the passage of ions across cell membranes such as the plasma membrane or the membranes of various organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria. Aberrant expression of various ion channels has been demonstrated in several tumor cells, leading to the promotion of key functions in tumor development, such as cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The link between ion channels and these key biological functions that promote tumor development has led to the classification of cancers as oncochannelopathies. Among all ion channels, the most varied and numerous, forming the largest family, are the potassium channels, with over 70 genes encoding them in humans. In this context, this review will provide a non-exhaustive overview of the role of plasma membrane potassium channels in cancer, describing 1) the nomenclature and structure of potassium channels, 2) the role of these channels in the control of biological functions that promotes tumor development such as proliferation, migration and cell death, and 3) the role of two particular classes of potassium channels, the SKCa- and Kv1- type potassium channels in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Dupuy
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | | | - Frédéric Lézot
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR933, Hôpital Trousseau (AP-HP), Paris F-75012, France
| | - Marion Papin
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | - Françoise Rédini
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Franck Verrecchia
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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3
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Zúñiga L, Cayo A, González W, Vilos C, Zúñiga R. Potassium Channels as a Target for Cancer Therapy: Current Perspectives. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:783-797. [PMID: 35899081 PMCID: PMC9309325 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s326614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) channels are highly regulated membrane proteins that control the potassium ion flux and respond to different cellular stimuli. These ion channels are grouped into three major families, Kv (voltage-gated K+ channel), Kir (inwardly rectifying K+ channel) and K2P (two-pore K+ channels), according to the structure, to mediate the K+ currents. In cancer, alterations in K+ channel function can promote the acquisition of the so-called hallmarks of cancer – cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, metabolic changes, angiogenesis, and migratory capabilities – emerging as targets for the development of new therapeutic drugs. In this review, we focus our attention on the different K+ channels associated with the most relevant and prevalent cancer types. We summarize our knowledge about the potassium channels structure and function, their cancer dysregulated expression and discuss the K+ channels modulator and the strategies for designing new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Nanomedicina, Diagnóstico y Desarrollo de Fármacos (ND3), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Angel Cayo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Nanomedicina, Diagnóstico y Desarrollo de Fármacos (ND3), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Wendy González
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristian Vilos
- Centro de Nanomedicina, Diagnóstico y Desarrollo de Fármacos (ND3), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Targeted Delivery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile.,Center for The Development of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 8350709, Chile
| | - Rafael Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Nanomedicina, Diagnóstico y Desarrollo de Fármacos (ND3), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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4
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Fnu G, Weber GF. Alterations of Ion Homeostasis in Cancer Metastasis: Implications for Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 11:765329. [PMID: 34988012 PMCID: PMC8721045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.765329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that metastases from all malignancies are characterized by a core program of gene expression that suppresses extracellular matrix interactions, induces vascularization/tissue remodeling, activates the oxidative metabolism, and alters ion homeostasis. Among these features, the least elucidated component is ion homeostasis. Here we review the literature with the goal to infer a better mechanistic understanding of the progression-associated ionic alterations and identify the most promising drugs for treatment. Cancer metastasis is accompanied by skewing in calcium, zinc, copper, potassium, sodium and chloride homeostasis. Membrane potential changes and water uptake through Aquaporins may also play roles. Drug candidates to reverse these alterations are at various stages of testing, with some having entered clinical trials. Challenges to their utilization comprise differences among tumor types and the involvement of multiple ions in each case. Further, adverse effects may become a concern, as channel blockers, chelators, or supplemented ions will affect healthy and transformed cells alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulimirerouzi Fnu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Georg F Weber
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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5
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Gubič Š, Hendrickx LA, Toplak Ž, Sterle M, Peigneur S, Tomašič T, Pardo LA, Tytgat J, Zega A, Mašič LP. Discovery of K V 1.3 ion channel inhibitors: Medicinal chemistry approaches and challenges. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2423-2473. [PMID: 33932253 PMCID: PMC8252768 DOI: 10.1002/med.21800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The KV 1.3 voltage-gated potassium ion channel is involved in many physiological processes both at the plasma membrane and in the mitochondria, chiefly in the immune and nervous systems. Therapeutic targeting KV 1.3 with specific peptides and small molecule inhibitors shows great potential for treating cancers and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and myasthenia gravis. However, no KV 1.3-targeted compounds have been approved for therapeutic use to date. This review focuses on the presentation of approaches for discovering new KV 1.3 peptide and small-molecule inhibitors, and strategies to improve the selectivity of active compounds toward KV 1.3. Selectivity of dalatazide (ShK-186), a synthetic derivate of the sea anemone toxin ShK, was achieved by chemical modification and has successfully reached clinical trials as a potential therapeutic for treating autoimmune diseases. Other peptides and small-molecule inhibitors are critically evaluated for their lead-like characteristics and potential for progression into clinical development. Some small-molecule inhibitors with well-defined structure-activity relationships have been optimized for selective delivery to mitochondria, and these offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancers. This overview of KV 1.3 inhibitors and methodologies is designed to provide a good starting point for drug discovery to identify novel effective KV 1.3 modulators against this target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Gubič
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Louise A. Hendrickx
- Toxicology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leuven, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Žan Toplak
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Maša Sterle
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | | | - Luis A. Pardo
- AG OncophysiologyMax‐Planck Institute for Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leuven, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anamarija Zega
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
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6
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Checchetto V, Leanza L, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R, Gulbins E, Szabo I. Mitochondrial K + channels and their implications for disease mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107874. [PMID: 33930454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of mitochondrial ion channels underwent a rapid development during the last decade, thanks to the molecular identification of some of the nuclear-encoded organelle channels and to advances in strategies allowing specific pharmacological targeting of these proteins. Thereby, genetic tools and specific drugs aided definition of the relevance of several mitochondrial channels both in physiological as well as pathological conditions. Unfortunately, in the case of mitochondrial K+ channels, efforts of genetic manipulation provided only limited results, due to their dual localization to mitochondria and to plasma membrane in most cases. Although the impact of mitochondrial K+ channels on human diseases is still far from being genuinely understood, pre-clinical data strongly argue for their substantial role in the context of several pathologies, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. Importantly, these channels are druggable targets, and their in-depth investigation could thus pave the way to the development of innovative small molecules with huge therapeutic potential. In the present review we summarize the available experimental evidence that mechanistically link mitochondrial potassium channels to the above pathologies and underline the possibility of exploiting them for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Italy.
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7
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Cecchetto C, Maschietto M, Boccaccio P, Vassanelli S. Electromagnetic field affects the voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv1.3. Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 39:316-322. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1799386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Cecchetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy, Padova, Italy
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - M. Maschietto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy, Padova, Italy
| | - P. Boccaccio
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Padova, Italy
| | - S. Vassanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy, Padova, Italy
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8
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Bozic I, Savic D, Milosevic A, Janjic M, Laketa D, Tesovic K, Bjelobaba I, Jakovljevic M, Nedeljkovic N, Pekovic S, Lavrnja I. The Potassium Channel Kv1.5 Expression Alters During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2733-2745. [PMID: 31624998 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease with an autoimmune component. It was suggested that potassium channels, which are involved in crucial biological functions may have a role in different diseases, including MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). It was shown that voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.5 are responsible for fine-tuning in the immune physiology and influence proliferation and differentiation in microglia and astrocytes. Here, we explored the cellular distribution of the Kv1.5 channel, together with its transcript and protein expression in the male rat spinal cord during different stages of EAE. Our results reveal a decrease of Kv1.5 transcript and protein level at the peak of disease, where massive infiltration of myeloid cells occurs, together with reactive astrogliosis and demyelination. Also, we revealed that the presence of this channel is not found in infiltrating macrophages/microglia during EAE. It is interesting to note that Kv1.5 channel is expressed only in resting microglia in the naïve animals. Predominant expression of Kv1.5 channel was found in the astrocytes in all experimental groups, while some vimentin+ cells, resembling macrophages, are devoid of Kv1.5 expression. Our results point to the possible link between Kv1.5 channel and the pathophysiological processes in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bozic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Savic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Milosevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Janjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Laketa
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Tesovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Bjelobaba
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Jakovljevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Nedeljkovic
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Pekovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Lavrnja
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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9
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Aung T, Asam C, Haerteis S. Ion channels in sarcoma: pathophysiology and treatment options. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1163-1171. [PMID: 31377822 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are characterized by aggressive growth and a high metastasis potentially leading in most cases to a lethal outcome. These malignant tumors of the connective tissue have a high heterogeneity with numerous genetic mutations resulting in more than 100 types of sarcoma that can be grouped into two main kinds: soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma. Sarcomas are often diagnosed at late disease stage, whereas a guaranteed diagnosis of the sarcoma type is fundamental for successful therapy. However, there is no appropriate therapy available. Therefore, the need for new therapies, which prolong survival and improve quality of life, is high. In the last two decades, the role of ion channels in cancer has emerged. Ion channels seem to be an ideal target for anti-tumor therapies. However, different cancer types have their own altered ion channel pattern, and the knowledge about the tumor-associated ion channel expression is fundamental. Here, we focus on the role of different ion channels in sarcoma, their pathophysiology, and possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiha Aung
- Abteilung für Plastische, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Asam
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare und Zelluläre Anatomie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare und Zelluläre Anatomie, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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10
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Oliveira IS, Ferreira IG, Alexandre-Silva GM, Cerni FA, Cremonez CM, Arantes EC, Zottich U, Pucca MB. Scorpion toxins targeting Kv1.3 channels: insights into immunosuppression. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e148118. [PMID: 31131004 PMCID: PMC6483409 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-1481-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Scorpion venoms are natural sources of molecules that have, in addition to their
toxic function, potential therapeutic applications. In this source the
neurotoxins can be found especially those that act on potassium channels.
Potassium channels are responsible for maintaining the membrane potential in the
excitable cells, especially the voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv),
including Kv1.3 channels. These channels (Kv1.3) are expressed by various types
of tissues and cells, being part of several physiological processes. However,
the major studies of Kv1.3 are performed on T cells due its importance on
autoimmune diseases. Scorpion toxins capable of acting on potassium channels
(KTx), mainly on Kv1.3 channels, have gained a prominent role for their possible
ability to control inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Some of these toxins have
already left bench trials and are being evaluated in clinical trials, presenting
great therapeutic potential. Thus, scorpion toxins are important natural
molecules that should not be overlooked in the treatment of autoimmune and other
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora S Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela G Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe A Cerni
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Cremonez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane C Arantes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Umberto Zottich
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - Manuela B Pucca
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
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11
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Implication of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in Neoplastic Cell Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030287. [PMID: 30823672 PMCID: PMC6468671 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) are the largest group of ion channels. Kv are involved in controlling the resting potential and action potential duration in the heart and brain. Additionally, these proteins participate in cell cycle progression as well as in several other important features in mammalian cell physiology, such as activation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell volume control. Therefore, Kv remarkably participate in the cell function by balancing responses. The implication of Kv in physiological and pathophysiological cell growth is the subject of study, as Kv are proposed as therapeutic targets for tumor regression. Though it is widely accepted that Kv channels control proliferation by allowing cell cycle progression, their role is controversial. Kv expression is altered in many cancers, and their participation, as well as their use as tumor markers, is worthy of effort. There is an ever-growing list of Kv that remodel during tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the actual knowledge of Kv channel expression and their relationship with neoplastic proliferation. In this work, we provide an update of what is currently known about these proteins, thereby paving the way for a more precise understanding of the participation of Kv during cancer development.
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12
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Jaimes-Hoy L, Gurrola GB, Cisneros M, Joseph-Bravo P, Possani LD, Charli JL. The Kv1.3 channel blocker Vm24 enhances muscle glucose transporter 4 mobilization but does not reduce body-weight gain in diet-induced obese male rats. Life Sci 2017; 181:23-30. [PMID: 28549558 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Voltage-gated potassium channels 1.3 (Kv1.3) can be targeted to reduce diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Since species-specific differences in Kv1.3 expression and pharmacology have been observed, we tested the effect of Vm24, a high-affinity specific blocker of Kv1.3 channels from Vaejovis mexicanus smithi, on body weight (BW), glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Young adult male Wistar rats were switched to a high-fat/high-fructose (HFF) diet. Eighteen days later animals were divided in two groups: vehicle and Vm24 group. Subcutaneous injections were applied every other day until sacrifice 2months later. An additional cohort was maintained on standard chow. KEY FINDINGS The HFF diet promoted obesity. Treatment with Vm24 did not alter various metabolic parameters such as food intake, BW gain, visceral white adipose tissue mass, adipocyte diameter, serum glucose, leptin and thyroid hormone concentrations, brown adipose tissue mass or uncoupling protein-1 expression, and insulin tolerance. Vm24 did reduce basal and glucose-stimulated serum insulin concentrations, serum C-peptide concentration, increased QUICKI, and tended to lower HOMA-IR. Vm24 treatment did not change the activation of insulin receptor substrate-1, but enhanced protein-kinase B activation and membrane glucose-transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein levels in skeletal muscle. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, in male rats, long-term blockade of Kv1.3 channels with Vm24 does not reduce weight gain and visceral adiposity induced by HFF diet; instead, it reduces serum insulin concentration, and enhances GLUT4 mobilization in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Jaimes-Hoy
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Georgina B Gurrola
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cisneros
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Patricia Joseph-Bravo
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Expression of KCNA5 Protein in Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Line Associated with Caveolin-1. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:449-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Pérez-Verdaguer M, Capera J, Serrano-Novillo C, Estadella I, Sastre D, Felipe A. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is a promising multitherapeutic target against human pathologies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:577-91. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Silencing of Kv1.5 Gene Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26914-26. [PMID: 26569226 PMCID: PMC4661860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kv1.5 (also known as KCNA5) is a protein encoded by the KCNA5 gene, which belongs to the voltage-gated potassium channel, shaker-related subfamily. Recently, a number of studies have suggested that Kv1.5 is overexpressed in numerous cancers and plays crucial roles in cancer development. However, until now, the expression and functions of Kv1.5 in osteosarcoma are still unclear. To characterize the potential biological functions of Kv1.5 in osteosarcoma, herein, we examined the expression levels of Kv1.5 in osteosarcoma cells and tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. Four short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting Kv1.5 were designed and homologous recombination technology was used to construct pGeneSil-Kv1.5 vectors. In addition, the vectors were transfected into osteosarcoma MG63 cells and Kv1.5 mRNA level was measured by qRT-PCR and the Kv1.5 protein level was examined by western blot. We also examined the effects of Kv1.5 silencing on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of the osteosarcoma cells using CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Our results showed that Kv1.5 was aberrantly expressed in osteosarcoma and that the synthesized shRNA targeting Kv1.5 reduced Kv1.5 mRNA and protein expression effectively. Silencing Kv1.5 expression in the osteosarcoma cells significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis through up-regulation of p21, p27, Bax, Bcl-XL and caspase-3 and down-regulation of cyclins A, cyclins D1, cyclins E, Bcl-2 and Bik. In summary, our results indicate that Kv1.5 silencing could suppress osteosarcoma progression through multiple signaling pathways and suggest that Kv1.5 may be a novel target for osteosarcoma therapeutics.
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16
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Involvement of potassium channels in the progression of cancer to a more malignant phenotype. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2477-92. [PMID: 25517985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels are a diverse group of pore-forming transmembrane proteins that selectively facilitate potassium flow through an electrochemical gradient. They participate in the control of the membrane potential and cell excitability in addition to different cell functions such as cell volume regulation, proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis as well as apoptosis. Because these physiological processes are essential for the correct cell function, K+ channels have been associated with a growing number of diseases including cancer. In fact, different K+ channel families such as the voltage-gated K+ channels, the ether à-go-go K+ channels, the two pore domain K+ channels and the Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been associated to tumor biology. Potassium channels have a role in neoplastic cell-cycle progression and their expression has been found abnormal in many types of tumors and cancer cells. In addition, the expression and activity of specific K+ channels have shown a significant correlation with the tumor malignancy grade. The aim of this overview is to summarize published data on K+ channels that exhibit oncogenic properties and have been linked to a more malignant cancer phenotype. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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17
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Ryland KE, Svoboda LK, Vesely ED, McIntyre JC, Zhang L, Martens JR, Lawlor ER. Polycomb-dependent repression of the potassium channel-encoding gene KCNA5 promotes cancer cell survival under conditions of stress. Oncogene 2014; 34:4591-600. [PMID: 25435365 PMCID: PMC4451446 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Relapse after clinical remission remains a leading cause of cancer-associated death. Although the mechanisms of tumor relapse are complex, the ability of cancer cells to survive physiological stress is a prerequisite for recurrence. Ewing sarcoma (ES) and neuroblastoma (NB) are aggressive cancers that frequently relapse after initial remission. In addition, both tumors overexpress the polycomb group (PcG) proteins BMI-1 and EZH2, which contribute to tumorigenicity. We have discovered that ES and NB resist hypoxic stress-induced death and that survival depends on PcG function. Epigenetic repression of developmental programs is the most well-established cancer-associated function of PcG proteins. However, we noted that voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel genes are also targets of PcG regulation in stem cells. Given the role of potassium in regulating apoptosis, we reasoned that repression of Kv channel genes might have a role in cancer cell survival. Here we describe our novel finding that PcG-dependent repression of the Kv1.5 channel gene KCNA5 contributes to cancer cell survival under conditions of stress. We show that survival of cancer cells in stress is dependent upon suppression of Kv1.5 channel function. The KCNA5 promoter is marked in cancer cells with PcG-dependent chromatin repressive modifications that increase in hypoxia. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BMI-1 and EZH2, respectively, restore KCNA5 expression, which sensitizes cells to stress-induced death. In addition, ectopic expression of the Kv1.5 channel induces apoptotic cell death under conditions of hypoxia. These findings identify a novel role for PcG proteins in promoting cancer cell survival via repression of KCNA5.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ryland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Translational Oncology Program, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L K Svoboda
- Translational Oncology Program, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E D Vesely
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J C McIntyre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - E R Lawlor
- Translational Oncology Program, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Galea CA, Nguyen HM, George Chandy K, Smith BJ, Norton RS. Domain structure and function of matrix metalloprotease 23 (MMP23): role in potassium channel trafficking. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1191-210. [PMID: 23912897 PMCID: PMC11113776 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
MMP23 is a member of the matrix metalloprotease family of zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases, which are involved in a wide variety of cellular functions. Its catalytic domain displays a high degree of structural homology with those of other metalloproteases, but its atypical domain architecture suggests that it may possess unique functional properties. The N-terminal MMP23 pro-domain contains a type-II transmembrane domain that anchors the protein to the plasma membrane and lacks the cysteine-switch motif that is required to maintain other MMPs in a latent state during passage to the cell surface. Instead of the C-terminal hemopexin domain common to other MMPs, MMP23 contains a small toxin-like domain (TxD) and an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule (IgCAM) domain. The MMP23 pro-domain can trap Kv1.3 but not closely-related Kv1.2 channels in the endoplasmic reticulum, preventing their passage to the cell surface, while the TxD can bind to the channel pore and block the passage of potassium ions. The MMP23 C-terminal IgCAM domain displays some similarity to Ig-like C2-type domains found in IgCAMs of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which are known to mediate protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. MMP23 and Kv1.3 are co-expressed in a variety of tissues and together are implicated in diseases including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action of this unique member of the MMP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Galea
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia,
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19
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Comes N, Bielanska J, Vallejo-Gracia A, Serrano-Albarrás A, Marruecos L, Gómez D, Soler C, Condom E, Ramón Y Cajal S, Hernández-Losa J, Ferreres JC, Felipe A. The voltage-dependent K(+) channels Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 in human cancer. Front Physiol 2013; 4:283. [PMID: 24133455 PMCID: PMC3794381 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent K+ channels (Kv) are involved in a number of physiological processes, including immunomodulation, cell volume regulation, apoptosis as well as differentiation. Some Kv channels participate in the proliferation and migration of normal and tumor cells, contributing to metastasis. Altered expression of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels has been found in several types of tumors and cancer cells. In general, while the expression of Kv1.3 apparently exhibits no clear pattern, Kv1.5 is induced in many of the analyzed metastatic tissues. Interestingly, evidence indicates that Kv1.5 channel shows inversed correlation with malignancy in some gliomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. However, Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 are similarly remodeled in some cancers. For instance, expression of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 correlates with a certain grade of tumorigenicity in muscle sarcomas. Differential remodeling of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 expression in human cancers may indicate their role in tumor growth and their importance as potential tumor markers. However, despite of this increasing body of information, which considers Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 as emerging tumoral markers, further research must be performed to reach any conclusion. In this review, we summarize what it has been lately documented about Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Comes
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Bielanska J, Hernández-Losa J, Moline T, Somoza R, Ramón Y Cajal S, Condom E, Ferreres JC, Felipe A. Increased voltage-dependent K + channel Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 expression correlates with leiomyosarcoma aggressiveness. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:227-230. [PMID: 22844358 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent K+ channels (Kv) are involved in the proliferation and differentiation of mammalian cells, since Kv antagonists impair cell cycle progression. Although myofibers are terminally differentiated, some myoblasts may re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate. Since Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 expression is remodeled during tumorigenesis and is involved in smooth muscle proliferation, the purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 in smooth muscle neoplasms. In the present study, we examined human samples of smooth muscle tumors together with healthy specimens. Thus, leiomyoma (LM) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS) tumors were analyzed. Results showed that Kv1.3 was poorly expressed in the healthy muscle and indolent LM specimens, whereas aggressive LMS showed high levels of Kv1.3 expression. Kv1.5 staining was correlated with malignancy. The findings show a remodeling of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 in human smooth muscle sarcoma. A correlation of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 expression with tumor aggressiveness was observed. Thus, our results indicate Kv1.5 and Kv1.3 as potential tumorigenic targets for aggressive human LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bielanska
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona
| | - Teresa Moline
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona
| | - Rosa Somoza
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona
| | - Enric Condom
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Ferreres
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona
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