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Watanabe S, Ito J, Baba T, Hiratsuka T, Kuse K, Ochi H, Anai Y, Hisasue M, Tsujimoto H, Nishigaki K. Notch2 transduction by feline leukemia virus in a naturally infected cat. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:553-7. [PMID: 24317268 PMCID: PMC4064141 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
induces neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases in cats. The transduction of cellular genes
by FeLV is sometimes observed and associated with neoplastic diseases including lymphoma
and sarcoma. Here, we report the first natural case of feline Notch2
transduction by FeLV in an infected cat with multicentric lymphoma and hypercalcemia. We
cloned recombinant FeLVs harboring Notch2 in the env
gene. Notch2 was able to activate expression of a reporter gene, similar
to what was previously reported in cats with experimental FeLV-induced thymic lymphoma.
Our findings suggest that the transduction of Notch2 strongly correlates
with FeLV-induced lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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2
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Uterine adenocarcinoma with feline leukemia virus infection. Lab Anim Res 2012; 27:347-51. [PMID: 22232645 PMCID: PMC3251767 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2011.27.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline endometrial adenocarcinomas are uncommon malignant neoplasms that have been poorly characterized to date. In this study, we describe a uterine adenocarcinoma in a Persian cat with feline leukemia virus infection. At the time of presentation, the cat, a female Persian chinchilla, was 2 years old. The cat underwent surgical ovariohystectomy. A cross-section of the uterine wall revealed a thickened uterine horn. The cat tested positive for feline leukemia virus as detected by polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological examination revealed uterine adenocarcinoma that had metastasized to the omentum, resulting in thickening and the formation of inflammatory lesions. Based on the histopathological findings, this case was diagnosed as a uterine adenocarcinoma with abdominal metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a uterine adenocarcinoma with feline leukemia virus infection.
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Gupta A, Gumber S, Schnellbacher R, Bauer RW, Gaunt SD. Malignant B-Cell Lymphoma with Mott Cell Differentiation in a Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo). J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:469-73. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Gupta
- Departments of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Departments of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Rodney Schnellbacher
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Rudy W. Bauer
- Departments of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Stephen D. Gaunt
- Departments of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Chandhasin C, Coan PN, Levy LS. Subtle mutational changes in the SU protein of a natural feline leukemia virus subgroup A isolate alter disease spectrum. J Virol 2005; 79:1351-60. [PMID: 15650161 PMCID: PMC544135 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.3.1351-1360.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FeLV-945 is a representative isolate of the natural feline leukemia virus (FeLV) variant predominant in non-T-cell malignant, proliferative, and degenerative diseases in a geographic cohort. The FeLV-945 surface glycoprotein (SU) is closely related to natural horizontally transmissible FeLV subgroup A (FeLV-A) but was found to differ from a prototype to a larger extent than the members of FeLV-A differ among themselves. The sequence differences included point mutations restricted largely to the functional domains of SU, i.e., VRA, VRB, and PRR. Despite the sequence differences in these critical domains, measurements of receptor utilization, including host range and superinfection interference, confirmed the assignment of FeLV-945 to subgroup A. Other proviruses isolated from the cohort contained similar sequence hallmarks and were assigned to FeLV subgroup A. A provirus from cat 1046 contained a histidine-to-proline change at SU residue 6 within an SPHQ motif that was previously identified as a critical mediator of fusion events during virus entry. The 1046 pseudotype virus entered cells only in the presence of the soluble cofactor FeLIX provided in trans, but it retained an ecotropic host range even in the presence of FeLIX. The mutational changes in FeLV-945 were shown to confer significant functional differences compared to prototype FeLV-A viruses. The substitution of FeLV-945 envelope gene sequences for FeLV-A/61E sequences conferred a small but statistically significant replicative advantage in some feline cells. Moreover, substitution of the unique FeLV-945 long terminal repeat and envelope gene for those of FeLV-A/61E altered the disease spectrum entirely, from a thymic lymphoma of a T-cell origin to an as yet uncharacterized multicentric lymphoma that did not contain T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandtip Chandhasin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave. SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Gould SJ, Hildreth JEK, Booth AM. The Evolution of Alloimmunity and the Genesis of Adaptive Immunity. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2004; 79:359-82. [PMID: 15669770 DOI: 10.1086/426088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Infectious agents select for host immune responses that destroy infectious nonself yet maintain tolerance to self. Here we propose that retroviruses and other host-antigen associated pathogens (HAAPs) select for the genetic, biochemical, and cell biological properties of alloimmunity, also known as the histocompatibility or tissue rejection response. This hypothesis predicts the major observations regarding histocompatibility responses, including: (i) their existence in animals as diverse as sponges and humans; (ii) extreme polymorphism and balanced allele frequencies at histocompatibility loci, including the human MHC and blood group loci; (iii) the frequency dependent selection of histocompatibility alleles; (iv) the ancient age of many alloantigenic polymorphisms; (v) the high ratio of nonsynonymous mutations to synonymous mutations at histocompatibility loci; (vi) disassortative mating based on MHC alleles; (vii) the inability to explain the existence and continuing selection of histocompatibility alleles by other more conventional biochemical and genetic paradigms; and (viii) the susceptibility of HAAPs, particularly retroviruses such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), to histocompatibility reactions. In addition, the hypothesis that HAAPs select the forms and molecules of alloimmunity offers simple explanations for the evolution of histocompatibility systems over time, the initial selection of hypervariable immune mechanisms, and the genesis of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Gabor LJ, Love DN, Malik R, Canfield PJ. Feline immunodeficiency virus status of Australian cats with lymphosarcoma. Aust Vet J 2001; 79:540-5. [PMID: 11599813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb10742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the FIV status of Australian cats with lymphosarcoma and relate this to patient characteristics, tumour characteristics (tissue involvement, histological grade and immunophenotype), haematological and serum biochemical values and FeLV status of affected cats. DESIGN Prospective study of 101 client-owned cats with naturally-occurring lymphosarcoma. PROCEDURE Western blot analysis, ELISA and immunochromatography were used to detect FIV antibodies in serum from cats with lymphosarcoma. RESULTS On the basis of Western blot analysis (which was considered the most accurate method for determining FIV status), 50/101 (50%) of cats with naturally-occurring lymphosarcoma were positive for FIV antibodies. Of these 50 cats, 35 had tumours of B-cell phenotype, 13 had T-cell tumours and 2 had tumours classified as non-B/non-T. Tumours from eight of these FIV-positive cats contained FeLV gene sequences, including a 9-month-old cat with FeLV antigenaemia. Compared with FlV-negative cats with lymphosarcoma, FIV-positive cats were more likely to be domestic crossbreds (P = 0.004), male (P = 0.048) and have atypical (especially nasal) forms of lymphosarcoma (P = 0.09). Only 39 of 107 (36%) blood or sera tested using ELISA were positive for FIV antibodies (including 5 false-positives). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of FIV infection was considerably higher in our cohort of cats compared with series of lymphosarcoma cases from the Northern hemisphere. A positive FIV status was strongly associated with lymphosarcoma in Australian cats and it is possible that this infection may predispose to the development of lymphoid neoplasia. The presence of FIV infection would have been underestimated if commercial kits alone had been used for serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Gabor
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Gabor LJ, Jackson ML, Trask B, Malik R, Canfield PJ. Feline leukaemia virus status of Australian cats with lymphosarcoma. Aust Vet J 2001; 79:476-81. [PMID: 11549046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb13017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the FeLV status of sera and tumours from Australian cats with lymphosarcoma in relation to patient characteristics, tumour characteristics (tissue involvement, histological grade and immunophenotype), haematological and biochemical values. DESIGN Prospective study of 107 client-owned cats with naturally-occurring lymphosarcoma. PROCEDURE An ELISA was used to detect FeLV p27 antigen in serum specimens collected from cats with lymphosarcoma. A PCR was used to detect FeLV DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections containing neoplastic lymphoid cells. The PCR was designed to amplify a highly conserved region of the untranslated long terminal repeat of FeLV provirus. RESULTS Only 2 of 107 cats (2%), for which serum samples were available, were FeLV-positive on the basis of detectable p27 antigen in serum. In contrast, 25 of 97 tumours (26%) contained FeLV DNA. Of the 86 cats for which both PCR and ELISA data were available, 19(22%) had FeLV provirus in their tumours but no detectable circulating FeLV antigen in serum, while 2 (2%) had FeLV provirus and circulating FeLV antigen. FeLV PCR-positive/ELISA-negative cats (19) differed from PCR-negative/ELISA-negative cats (65) in having fewer B-cell tumours (P = 0.06), more non B-/non T-cell tumours (P = 0.02) and comprising fewer non-Siamese/Oriental pure-bred cats (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of FeLV antigen or provirus was considerably lower in our cohort of cats compared with studies of lymphosarcoma conducted in the Northern hemisphere. This suggests that factors other than FeLV are important in the development of lymphosarcoma in many Australian cats. No firm conclusions could be drawn concerning whether FeLV provirus contributed to the development of lymphosarcoma in PCR-positive/ELISA-negative cats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification
- Cat Diseases/epidemiology
- Cat Diseases/virology
- Cats
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Leukemia Virus, Feline/immunology
- Leukemia, Feline/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Feline/virology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/veterinary
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/virology
- New South Wales/epidemiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- Prevalence
- Prospective Studies
- Retroviridae Proteins/genetics
- Retroviridae Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Gabor
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
Infection with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I) is now a global epidemic, affecting 10 million to 20 million people. This virus has been linked to life-threatening, incurable diseases: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The cumulative lifetime risk of developing these incurable diseases is approximately 5% in asymptomatic patients. For the emergency physician practicing among patients from high-risk groups, HTLV-I and its associated diseases are presenting an increasing challenge. This report describes its transmission, seroprevalence, treatment, and methods of controlling spread of this retrovirus. Coinfection with HTLV-I and HIV has been shown to accelerate the progression of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Edlich
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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Endo Y, Cho KW, Nishigaki K, Momoi Y, Nishimura Y, Mizuno T, Goto Y, Watari T, Tsujimoto H, Hasegawa A. Clinicopathological and immunological characteristics of six cats with granular lymphocyte tumors. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 21:27-42. [PMID: 9597305 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-9571(97)00019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and immunological characteristics were investigated in six cases of feline granular lymphocyte (GL) tumor. The ages of the affected cats were relatively old, ranging from 4 to 13 years of age. Gastrointestinal signs were commonly observed in these cases. Only one of the six GL tumor cases was positive for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the GL tumor cells from all of the six cases lacked the T- or B-cell markers. These GL tumor cells were examined by Southern blot analysis using feline immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene probes. GL tumor cells obtained from two cases were identified as cells of T-cell lineage by the presence of a rearranged TCR beta gene, whereas those from the other four cases were considered to be derived from non-T- non-B-cell lineage because of the absence of rearrangement of these genes. These findings indicated that feline GL tumors can be considered as a specific disease entity in feline lymphomas because the cases examined in this study showed onset at an older age, a low incidence of FeLV infection and frequent involvement of gastrointestinal lesions, which are not found in typical FeLV-associated lymphomas. Although no specific phenotypes was observed by phenotypic analysis, the feline GL tumor cells were divided into two consistent genotypes of T-cell or non-T- non-B-cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Endo
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Bossart GD, Ewing R, Herron AJ, Cray C, Mase B, Decker SJ, Alexander JW, Altman NH. Immunoblastic malignant lymphoma in dolphins: histologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features. J Vet Diagn Invest 1997; 9:454-8. [PMID: 9376447 DOI: 10.1177/104063879700900427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G D Bossart
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33101, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Rezanka
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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