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Lv Z, Wang Z, Wu S, Yu X. Enhanced catalytic performance of penicillin G acylase by covalent immobilization onto functionally-modified magnetic Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4 nanoparticles. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297149. [PMID: 38241311 PMCID: PMC10798532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of penicillin resistance, the development of novel antibiotics has become an urgent necessity. Semi-synthetic penicillin has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional penicillin. The demand for the crucial intermediate, 6-aminopicillanic acid (6-APA), is on the rise. Enzyme catalysis is the primary method employed for its production. However, due to certain limitations, the strategy of enzyme immobilization has also gained prominence. The magnetic Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a rapid-combustion method. Sodium silicate was used to modify the surface of the Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4 nanoparticles to obtain silica-coated nanoparticles (Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4-SiO2). Subsequently, in order to better crosslink PGA, the nanoparticles were modified again with glutaraldehyde to obtain glutaraldehyde crosslinked Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4-SiO2-GA nanoparticles which could immobilize the PGA. The structure of the PGA protein was analyzed by the PyMol program and the immobilization strategy was determined. The conditions of PGA immobilization were investigated, including immobilization time and PGA concentration. Finally, the enzymological properties of the immobilized and free PGA were compared. The optimum catalytic pH of immobilized and free PGA was 8.0, and the optimum catalytic temperature of immobilized PGA was 50°C, 5°C higher than that of free PGA. Immobilized PGA in a certain pH and temperature range showed better catalytic stability. Vmax and Km of immobilized PGA were 0.3727 μmol·min-1 and 0.0436 mol·L-1, and the corresponding free PGA were 0.7325 μmol·min-1 and 0.0227 mol·L-1. After five cycles, the immobilized enzyme activity was still higher than 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Lv
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, 212300, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Vanadium and Titanium Resource Comprehensive Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Vanadium and Titanium Resource Comprehensive Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, P.R. China
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Fryszkowska A, An C, Alvizo O, Banerjee G, Canada KA, Cao Y, DeMong D, Devine PN, Duan D, Elgart DM, Farasat I, Gauthier DR, Guidry EN, Jia X, Kong J, Kruse N, Lexa KW, Makarov AA, Mann BF, Milczek EM, Mitchell V, Nazor J, Neri C, Orr RK, Orth P, Phillips EM, Riggins JN, Schafer WA, Silverman SM, Strulson CA, Subramanian N, Voladri R, Yang H, Yang J, Yi X, Zhang X, Zhong W. A chemoenzymatic strategy for site-selective functionalization of native peptides and proteins. Science 2022; 376:1321-1327. [PMID: 35709255 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new therapeutic modalities requires complementary tools for their efficient syntheses. Availability of methodologies for site-selective modification of biomolecules remains a long-standing challenge, given the inherent complexity and the presence of repeating residues that bear functional groups with similar reactivity profiles. We describe a bioconjugation strategy for modification of native peptides relying on high site selectivity conveyed by enzymes. We engineered penicillin G acylases to distinguish among free amino moieties of insulin (two at amino termini and an internal lysine) and manipulate cleavable phenylacetamide groups in a programmable manner to form protected insulin derivatives. This enables selective and specific chemical ligation to synthesize homogeneous bioconjugates, improving yield and purity compared to the existing methods, and generally opens avenues in the functionalization of native proteins to access biological probes or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fryszkowska
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Chihui An
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Oscar Alvizo
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | - Keith A Canada
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Duane DeMong
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Paul N Devine
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Da Duan
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - David M Elgart
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Iman Farasat
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Donald R Gauthier
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Erin N Guidry
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Xiujuan Jia
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jongrock Kong
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Nikki Kruse
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Katrina W Lexa
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Benjamin F Mann
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Erika M Milczek
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Vesna Mitchell
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Jovana Nazor
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Claudia Neri
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Robert K Orr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Peter Orth
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Eric M Phillips
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - James N Riggins
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Wes A Schafer
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Steven M Silverman
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | | | - Rama Voladri
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Hao Yang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Xiang Yi
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Wendy Zhong
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Kusada H, Arita M, Tohno M, Tamaki H. Bile Salt Hydrolase Degrades β-Lactam Antibiotics and Confers Antibiotic Resistance on Lactobacillus paragasseri. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858263. [PMID: 35733973 PMCID: PMC9207391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is a well-characterized probiotic enzyme associated with bile detoxification and colonization of lactic acid bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we isolated a putative BSH (LpBSH) from the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus paragasseri JCM 5343T and demonstrated its bifunctional activity that allows it to degrade not only bile salts but also the antibiotic (penicillin). Although antibiotic resistance and bile detoxification have been separately recognized as different microbial functions, our findings suggest that bifunctional BSHs simultaneously confer ecological advantages to host gut bacteria to improve their survival in the mammalian intestine by attaining a high resistance to bile salts and β-lactams. Strain JCM 5343T showed resistance to both bile salts and β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that LpBSH may be involved in this multi-resistance of the strain. We further verified that such bifunctional enzymes were broadly distributed among the phylogeny, suggesting that the bifunctionality may be conserved in other BSHs of gut bacteria. This study revealed the physiological role and phylogenetic diversity of bifunctional enzymes degrading bile salts and β-lactams in gut bacteria. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the hitherto-overlooked penicillin-degrading activity of penicillin acylase could be a potential new target for the probiotic function of gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kusada
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Masanori Tohno
- Research Center of Genetic Resources, Core Technology Research Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tamaki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Surpeta B, Grulich M, Palyzová A, Marešová H, Brezovsky J. Common Dynamic Determinants Govern Quorum Quenching Activity in N-Terminal Serine Hydrolases. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Surpeta
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions and Transport, Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Grulich
- Laboratory of Modulation of Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology,v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Palyzová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology,v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Marešová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology,v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brezovsky
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions and Transport, Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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Sambyal K, Singh RV. Exploitation of E. coli for the production of penicillin G amidase: a tool for the synthesis of semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotics. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:156. [PMID: 34652570 PMCID: PMC8521562 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penicillin G amidase/acylases from microbial sources is a unique enzyme that belongs to the N-terminal nucleophilic hydrolase structural superfamily. It catalyzes the selective hydrolysis of side chain amide/acyl bond of penicillins and cephalosporins whereas the labile amide/acyl bond in the β-lactam ring remains intact. This review summarizes the production aspects of PGA from various microbial sources at optimized conditions. The minimal yield from wild strains has been extensively improved using varying strain improvement techniques like recombination and mutagenesis; further applied for the subsequent synthesis of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, which is an intermediate molecule for synthesis of a wide range of novel β-lactam antibiotics. Immobilization of PGA has also been attempted to enhance the durability of enzyme for the industrial purposes. SHORT CONCLUSION The present review provides an emphasis on exploitation of E. coli to enhance the microbial production of PGA. The latest achievements in the production of recombinant enzymes have also been discussed. Besides E. coli, other potent microbial strains with PGA activity must be explored to enhance the yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishika Sambyal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Vikram Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Serrano-Aguirre L, Velasco-Bucheli R, García-Álvarez B, Saborido A, Arroyo M, de la Mata I. Novel Bifunctional Acylase from Actinoplanes utahensis: A Versatile Enzyme to Synthesize Antimicrobial Compounds and Use in Quorum Quenching Processes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080922. [PMID: 34438972 PMCID: PMC8388760 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many intercellular communication processes, known as quorum sensing (QS), are regulated by the autoinducers N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in Gram-negative bacteria. The inactivation of these QS processes using different quorum quenching (QQ) strategies, such as enzymatic degradation of the autoinducers or the receptor blocking with non-active analogs, could be the basis for the development of new antimicrobials. This study details the heterologous expression, purification, and characterization of a novel N-acylhomoserine lactone acylase from Actinoplanes utahensis NRRL 12052 (AuAHLA), which can hydrolyze different natural penicillins and N-acyl-homoserine lactones (with or without 3-oxo substitution), as well as synthesize them. Kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of a broad range of substrates have shown that AuAHLA prefers penicillin V, followed by C12-HSL. In addition, AuAHLA inhibits the production of violacein by Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, confirming its potential use as a QQ agent. Noteworthy, AuAHLA is also able to efficiently synthesize penicillin V, besides natural AHLs and phenoxyacetyl-homoserine lactone (POHL), a non-natural analog of AHLs that could be used to block QS receptors and inhibit signal of autoinducers, being the first reported AHL acylase capable of synthesizing AHLs.
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7
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Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of BSH and PVA Enzymes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040732. [PMID: 33807488 PMCID: PMC8066178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and penicillin V acylase (PVA) are related enzymes that are classified as choloylglycine hydrolases (CGH). BSH enzymes have attracted significant interest for their ability to modulate the composition of the bile acid pool, alter bile acid signaling events mediated by the host bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 and influence cholesterol homeostasis in the host, while PVA enzymes have been widely utilised in an industrial capacity in the production of semi-synthetic antibiotics. The similarities between BSH and PVA enzymes suggest common evolution of these enzymes and shared mechanisms for substrate binding and catalysis. Here, we compare BSH and PVA through analysis of the distribution, phylogeny and biochemistry of these microbial enzymes. The development of new annotation approaches based upon functional enzyme analyses and the potential implications of BSH enzymes for host health are discussed.
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8
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Structural and enzymatic analysis of a dimeric cholylglycine hydrolase like acylase active on N-acyl homoserine lactones. Biochimie 2020; 177:108-116. [PMID: 32835734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of substrate cross-reactivity between AHL acylases and β-lactam acylases provides a glimpse of probable links between quorum sensing and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Both these enzyme classes belong to the N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn)-hydrolase superfamily. Penicillin V acylases alongside bile salt hydrolases constitute the cholylglycine hydrolase (CGH) group of the Ntn-hydrolase superfamily. Here we report the ability of two acylases, Slac1 and Slac2, from the marine bacterium Shewanella loihica-PV4 to hydrolyze AHLs. Three-dimensional structure of Slac1reveals the conservation of the Ntn hydrolase fold and CGH active site, making it a unique CGH exclusively active on AHLs. Slac1homologs phylogenetically cluster separate from reported CGHs and AHL acylases, thereby representing a functionally distinct sub-class of CGH that might have evolved as an adaptation to the marine environment. We hypothesize that Slac1 could provide the structural framework for understanding this subclass, and further our understanding of the evolutionary link between AHL acylases and β-lactam acylases.
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9
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Li L, Feng L, Zhang M, He X, Luan S, Wang C, James TD, Zhang H, Huang H, Ma X. Visualization of penicillin G acylase in bacteria and high-throughput screening of natural inhibitors using a ratiometric fluorescent probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4640-4643. [PMID: 32270142 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00197j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent probe (PNA) was developed to sense and image endogenous bacterial penicillin G acylase (PGA). Oleanolic acid was discovered as a potential natural inhibitor of PGA using high-throughput screening techniques based on PNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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10
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Fang CW, Tsai LC, Fu YS, Cheng TY, Wu PC. Gel-based Microemulsion Design and Evaluation for Topical Application of Rivastigmine. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:298-304. [PMID: 31729297 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191113144636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to design nanocarriers for the topical application of rivastigmine. METHODS The effect of cosurfactants, hydrophilic gel and loading amount on the permeability of rivastigmine through rat skin was evaluated. Skin irritation tests and stability tests were performed to evaluate the utility of tested formulations. RESULTS The results showed that the microemulsion formation and characteristics of drug-loaded formulations were related to many parameters of the components. When using microemulsion systems as a vehicle, the permeation rate remarkably increased about 13.2~24.3-fold and the lag time was significantly shortened from 24 h to 4.7 h. Formulations containing a cosurfactant of Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether (DEGBE) showed higher enhancement effect, while increasing the loading dose from 0.5% to 5% further increased the flux about 2.1-fold and shortened the lag time. CONCLUSION The drug-loaded experimental formulation did not cause skin irritation and had good stability at 20ºC and 40ºC storage for at least 3 months. The result showed that gel-based microemulsion formulation could be a promising approach for topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Fang
- Division of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 553 Junxiao Road, Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan, China
| | - Ling-Chun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Pao-Chu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
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11
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Cobos-Puc L, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Cano-Cabrera JC, Aguayo-Morales H, Silva-Belmares SY, Gallegos ACF, Hernández JLM. Classical and New Pharmaceutical Uses of Bacterial Penicillin G Acylase. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:287-297. [PMID: 31713475 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191111151642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-lactam antibiotics are the most used worldwide for the treatment of bacterial infections. The consumption of these classes of drugs is high, and it is increasing around the world. To date, the best way to produce them is using penicillin G Acylase (PGA) as a biocatalyst. OBJECTIVE This manuscript offers an overview of the most recent advances in the current tools to improve the activity of the PGA and its pharmaceutical application. RESULTS Several microorganisms produce PGA, but some bacterial strains represent the primary source of this enzyme. The activity of bacterial PGA depends on its adequate expression and carbon or nitrogen source, as well as a specific pH or temperature depending on the nature of the PGA. Additionally, the PGA activity can be enhanced by immobilizing it to a solid support to recycle it for a prolonged time. Likewise, PGAs more stable and with higher activity are obtained from bacterial hosts genetically modified. CONCLUSION PGA is used to produce b-lactam antibiotics. However, this enzyme has pharmaceutical potential to be used to obtain critical molecules for the synthesis of anti-tumor, antiplatelet, antiemetic, antidepressive, anti-retroviral, antioxidant, and antimutagenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cobos-Puc
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
- Department of Food Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Juan C Cano-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Hilda Aguayo-Morales
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Sonia Y Silva-Belmares
- Department of Food Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Adriana C F Gallegos
- Department of Food Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - José L M Hernández
- Department of Food Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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Kang XM, Cai X, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Identification and characterization of an amidase from Leclercia adecarboxylata for efficient biosynthesis of L-phosphinothricin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121658. [PMID: 31234070 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
L-phosphinothricin (L-PPT) is an important broad-spectrum herbicide with expanding utilization because it is environmentally benign. A strain Leclercia adecarboxylata ZJB-17008 with capability of catalyzing rac-4-(hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl)-2-(2-phenylacetamido) butanoic acid (rac-S) to L-PPT was screened and identified, from which an amidase (La-Ami) was cloned and secretory expressed in Bacillus subtilis WB 800 for the bioproduction of L-PPT. The recombinant La-Ami exhibited an excellent enantioselectivity (99.9% ee) and remarkable thermostability with a half-life of 19.8 h at 50 °C. Furthermore, La-Ami displaying a high space-time yield of 787.2 g L-1 d-1 at 50 °C and pH 8.5 under the rac-S concentration of 500 mM (150 g L-1). The finally refined L-PPT was obtained with a purity of 99% and a total yield reached 90%. These results implying that this secretory expressed amidase La-Ami is possible to be applied in the large-scale bioproduction of L-PPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Kang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Cai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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Uzelac G, Patel HK, Devescovi G, Licastro D, Venturi V. Quorum sensing and RsaM regulons of the rice pathogen Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:765-777. [PMID: 28530166 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (Pfv) is an emerging plant pathogen causing sheath brown rot in rice, as well as diseases in other gramineae food crops including maize, sorghum and wheat. Pfv possesses two conserved N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing (QS) systems called PfvI/R and PfsI/R, which are repressed by RsaL and RsaM, respectively. The two systems are not hierarchically organized and are involved in plant virulence. In this study the AHL QS PfsI/R, PfvI/R and RsaM regulons were determined by transcriptomic analysis. The PfsI/R system regulates 98 genes, whereas 26 genes are regulated by the PfvI/R AHL QS system; only two genes are regulated by both systems. RsaM, on the other hand, regulates over 400 genes: 206 are negatively regulated and 260 are positively regulated. More than half of the genes controlled by the PfsI/R system and 65 % by the PfvI/R system are also part of the RsaM regulon; this is due to RsaM being involved in the regulation of both systems. It is concluded that the two QS systems regulate a unique set of genes and that RsaM is a global regulator mediating the expression of different genes through the two QS systems as well as genes independently of QS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Uzelac
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hitendra Kumar Patel
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.,Present address: CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
| | - Giulia Devescovi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Venturi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
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Sunder AV, Utari PD, Ramasamy S, van Merkerk R, Quax W, Pundle A. Penicillin V acylases from gram-negative bacteria degrade N-acylhomoserine lactones and attenuate virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2383-2395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chand D, Varshney N, Ramasamy S, Panigrahi P, Brannigan JA, Wilkinson AJ, Suresh CG. Structure mediation in substrate binding and post-translational processing of penicillin acylases: Information from mutant structures of Kluyvera citrophila penicillin G acylase. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1660-70. [PMID: 26243007 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin acylases are industrially important enzymes for the production of 6-APA, which is used extensively in the synthesis of secondary antibiotics. The enzyme translates into an inactive single chain precursor that subsequently gets processed by the removal of a spacer peptide connecting the chains of the mature active heterodimer. We have cloned the penicillin G acylase from Kluyvera citrophila (KcPGA) and prepared two mutants by site-directed mutagenesis. Replacement of N-terminal serine of the β-subunit with cysteine (Serβ1Cys) resulted in a fully processed but inactive enzyme. The second mutant in which this serine is replaced by glycine (Serβ1Gly) remained in the unprocessed and inactive form. The crystals of both mutants belonged to space group P1 with four molecules in the asymmetric unit. The three-dimensional structures of these mutants were refined at resolutions 2.8 and 2.5 Å, respectively. Comparison of these structures with similar structures of Escherichia coli PGA (EcPGA) revealed various conformational changes that lead to autocatalytic processing and consequent removal of the spacer peptide. The large displacements of residues such as Arg168 and Arg477 toward the N-terminal cleavage site of the spacer peptide or the conformational changes of Arg145 and Phe146 near the active site in these structures suggested probable steps in the processing dynamics. A comparison between the structures of the processed Serβ1Cys mutant and that of the processed form of EcPGA showed conformational differences in residues Argα145, Pheα146, and Pheβ24 at the substrate binding pocket. Three conformational transitions of Argα145 and Pheα146 residues were seen when processed and unprocessed forms of KcPGA were compared with the substrate bound structure of EcPGA. Structure mediation in activity difference between KcPGA and EcPGA toward acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chand
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - NishantKumar Varshney
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sureshkumar Ramasamy
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Priyabrata Panigrahi
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - James A Brannigan
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Wilkinson
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - C G Suresh
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
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