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Rathor P, Ch R. Metabolic Basis of Circadian Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1294. [PMID: 37887004 PMCID: PMC10604297 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The management of PD is a challenging aspect for general physicians and neurologists. It is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Impaired α-synuclein secretion and dopamine release may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and perturb energy metabolism, subsequently altering the activity and survival of dopaminergic neurons, thus perpetuating the neurodegenerative process in PD. While the etiology of PD remains multifactorial, emerging research indicates a crucial role of circadian dysfunction in its pathogenesis. Researchers have revealed that circadian dysfunction and sleep disorders are common among PD subjects and disruption of circadian rhythms can increase the risk of PD. Hence, understanding the findings of circadian biology from translational research in PD is important for reducing the risk of neurodegeneration and for improving the quality of life. In this review, we discuss the intricate relationship between circadian dysfunction in cellular metabolism and PD by summarizing the evidence from animal models and human studies. Understanding the metabolic basis of circadian dysfunction in PD may shed light on novel therapeutic approaches to restore circadian rhythm, preserve dopaminergic function, and ameliorate disease progression. Further investigation into the complex interplay between circadian rhythm and PD pathogenesis is essential for the development of targeted therapies and interventions to alleviate the burden of this debilitating neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rathor
- Metabolomics Lab, CSIR—Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India;
- Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (ACSIR), Gaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratnasekhar Ch
- Metabolomics Lab, CSIR—Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India;
- Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (ACSIR), Gaziabad 201002, India
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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2
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Verma AK, Singh S, Rizvi SI. Aging, circadian disruption and neurodegeneration: Interesting interplay. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112076. [PMID: 36574855 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is an intricate molecular network of coordinating circadian clocks that organize the internal synchrony of the organism in response to the environment. These rhythms are maintained by genetically programmed positive and negative auto-regulated transcriptional and translational feedback loops that sustain 24-hour oscillations in mRNA and protein components of the endogenous circadian clock. Since inter and intracellular activity of the central pacemaker appears to reduce with aging, the interaction between the circadian clock and aging continues to elude our understanding. In this review article, we discuss circadian clock components at the molecular level and how aging adversely affects circadian clock functioning in rodents and humans. The natural decline in melatonin levels with aging strongly contributes to circadian dysregulation resulting in the development of neurological anomalies. Additionally, inappropriate environmental conditions such as Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) can cause circadian disruption or chronodisruption (CD) which can result in a variety of pathological diseases, including premature aging. Furthermore, we summarize recent evidence suggesting that CD may also be a predisposing factor for the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), although more investigation is required to prove this link. Finally, certain chrono-enhancement approaches have been offered as intervention strategies to prevent, alleviate, or mitigate the impacts of CD. This review thus aims to bring together recent advancements in the chronobiology of the aging process, as well as its role in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India; Psychedelics Research Group, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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3
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Asadpoordezaki Z, Coogan AN, Henley BM. Chronobiology of Parkinson's disease: Past, present and future. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:178-200. [PMID: 36342744 PMCID: PMC10099399 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder predominately affecting midbrain dopaminergic neurons that results in a broad range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep complaints are among the most common non-motor symptoms, even in the prodromal period. Sleep alterations in Parkinson's disease patients may be associated with dysregulation of circadian rhythms, intrinsic 24-h cycles that control essential physiological functions, or with side effects from levodopa medication and physical and mental health challenges. The impact of circadian dysregulation on sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease is not fully understood; as such, we review the systems, cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie circadian perturbations in Parkinson's disease. We also discuss the potential benefits of chronobiology-based personalized medicine in the management of Parkinson's disease both in terms of behavioural and pharmacological interventions. We propose that a fuller understanding of circadian clock function may shed important new light on the aetiology and symptomatology of the disease and may allow for improvements in the quality of life for the millions of people with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Asadpoordezaki
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Beverley M Henley
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
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4
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Mauri S, Favaro M, Bernardo G, Mazzotta GM, Ziviani E. Mitochondrial autophagy in the sleeping brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956394. [PMID: 36092697 PMCID: PMC9449320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant percentage of the mitochondrial mass is replaced on a daily basis via mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control. Through mitophagy (a selective type of autophagy that promotes mitochondrial proteostasis) cells keep a healthy pool of mitochondria, and prevent oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, mitophagy helps adapting to the metabolic demand of the cells, which changes on a daily basis.Core components of the mitophagy process are PINK1 and Parkin, which mutations are linked to Parkinson’s Disease. The crucial role of PINK1/Parkin pathway during stress-induced mitophagy has been extensively studied in vitro in different cell types. However, recent advances in the field allowed discovering that mitophagy seems to be only slightly affected in PINK1 KO mice and flies, putting into question the physiological relevance of this pathway in vivo in the whole organism. Indeed, several cell-specific PINK1/Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways have been recently discovered, which appear to be activated under physiological conditions such as those that promote mitochondrial proteome remodeling during differentiation or in response to specific physiological stimuli.In this Mini Review we want to summarize the recent advances in the field, and add another level of complexity by focusing attention on a potentially important aspect of mitophagy regulation: the implication of the circadian clock. Recent works showed that the circadian clock controls many aspects of mitochondrial physiology, including mitochondrial morphology and dynamic, respiratory activity, and ATP synthesis. Furthermore, one of the essential functions of sleep, which is controlled by the clock, is the clearance of toxic metabolic compounds from the brain, including ROS, via mechanisms of proteostasis. Very little is known about a potential role of the clock in the quality control mechanisms that maintain the mitochondrial repertoire healthy during sleep/wake cycles. More importantly, it remains completely unexplored whether (dys)function of mitochondrial proteostasis feedbacks to the circadian clockwork.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elena Ziviani
- *Correspondence: Gabriella M. Mazzotta, Elena Ziviani,
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5
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Hunt J, Coulson EJ, Rajnarayanan R, Oster H, Videnovic A, Rawashdeh O. Sleep and circadian rhythms in Parkinson's disease and preclinical models. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:2. [PMID: 35000606 PMCID: PMC8744293 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of animals as models of human physiology is, and has been for many years, an indispensable tool for understanding the mechanisms of human disease. In Parkinson's disease, various mouse models form the cornerstone of these investigations. Early models were developed to reflect the traditional histological features and motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, it is important that models accurately encompass important facets of the disease to allow for comprehensive mechanistic understanding and translational significance. Circadian rhythm and sleep issues are tightly correlated to Parkinson's disease, and often arise prior to the presentation of typical motor deficits. It is essential that models used to understand Parkinson's disease reflect these dysfunctions in circadian rhythms and sleep, both to facilitate investigations into mechanistic interplay between sleep and disease, and to assist in the development of circadian rhythm-facing therapeutic treatments. This review describes the extent to which various genetically- and neurotoxically-induced murine models of Parkinson's reflect the sleep and circadian abnormalities of Parkinson's disease observed in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hunt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Videnovic
- Movement Disorders Unit and Division of Sleep Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Pérez-Lloret S, Cardinali DP. Melatonin as a Chronobiotic and Cytoprotective Agent in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650597. [PMID: 33935759 PMCID: PMC8082390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the role that melatonin may have in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In parkinsonian patients circulating melatonin levels are consistently disrupted and the potential therapeutic value of melatonin on sleep disorders in PD was examined in a limited number of clinical studies using 2–5 mg/day melatonin at bedtime. The low levels of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor density in substantia nigra and amygdala found in PD patients supported the hypothesis that the altered sleep/wake cycle seen in PD could be due to a disrupted melatonergic system. Motor symptomatology is seen in PD patients when about 75% of the dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta region degenerate. Nevertheless, symptoms like rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), hyposmia or depression may precede the onset of motor symptoms in PD for years and are index of worse prognosis. Indeed, RBD patients may evolve to an α-synucleinopathy within 10 years of RBD onset. Daily bedtime administration of 3–12 mg of melatonin has been demonstrated effective in RDB treatment and may halt neurodegeneration to PD. In studies on animal models of PD melatonin was effective to curtail symptomatology in doses that allometrically projected to humans were in the 40–100 mg/day range, rarely employed clinically. Therefore, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies are urgently needed in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Pérez-Lloret
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana-Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de La Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UAI-CAECIHS. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Martín-Nieto J, Uribe ML, Esteve-Rudd J, Herrero MT, Campello L. A role for DJ-1 against oxidative stress in the mammalian retina. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134361. [PMID: 31276729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the expression of Parkinson disease-associated genes encoding α-synuclein, parkin and UCH-L1 in the retina across mammals. DJ-1, or parkinsonism-associated deglycase, is a redox-sensitive protein with putative roles in cellular protection against oxidative stress, among a variety of functions, acting through distinct pathways and mechanisms in a wide variety of tissues. Its function in counteracting oxidative stress in the retina, as it occurs in Parkinson and other human neurodegenerative diseases, is, however, poorly understood. In the present study, we address the expression of DJ-1 in the mammalian retina and its putative neuroprotective role in this tissue in a well-known model of parkinsonism, the rotenone-treated rat. As a result, we demonstrate that the DJ1 gene is expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of all mammalian species studied. We also present evidence that DJ-1 functions in the retina as a sensor of cellular redox homeostasis, which reacts to oxidative stress by increasing its intracellular levels and additionally becoming oxidized. Levels of α-synuclein also became upregulated, although parkin and UCH-L1 expression remained unchanged. It is inferred that DJ-1 likely exerts in the retina a potential neuroprotective role against oxidative stress, including α-synuclein oxidation and aggregation, which should be operative under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Martín-Nieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef" (IMEM), Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Mary Luz Uribe
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Julián Esteve-Rudd
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Herrero
- Neurociencia Clínica y Experimental (NiCE), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Universidad de Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Campello
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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8
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Photosensitive Melanopsin-Containing Retinal Ganglion Cells in Health and Disease: Implications for Circadian Rhythms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133164. [PMID: 31261700 PMCID: PMC6651433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) represent a third class of retinal photoreceptors involved in regulating the pupillary light reflex and circadian photoentrainment, among other things. The functional integrity of the circadian system and melanopsin cells is an essential component of well-being and health, being both impaired in aging and disease. Here we review evidence of melanopsin-expressing cell alterations in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and their correlation with the development of circadian rhythm disorders. In healthy humans, the average density of melanopsin-positive cells falls after age 70, accompanied by age-dependent atrophy of dendritic arborization. In addition to aging, inner and outer retinal diseases also involve progressive deterioration and loss of mRGCs that positively correlates with progressive alterations in circadian rhythms. Among others, mRGC number and plexus complexity are impaired in Parkinson's disease patients; changes that may explain sleep and circadian rhythm disorders in this pathology. The key role of mRGCs in circadian photoentrainment and their loss in age and disease endorse the importance of eye care, even if vision is lost, to preserve melanopsin ganglion cells and their essential functions in the maintenance of an adequate quality of life.
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9
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Melanopsin +RGCs Are fully Resistant to NMDA-Induced Excitotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123012. [PMID: 31226772 PMCID: PMC6627747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied short- and long-term effects of intravitreal injection of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) on melanopsin-containing (m+) and non-melanopsin-containing (Brn3a+) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In adult SD-rats, the left eye received a single intravitreal injection of 5µL of 100nM NMDA. At 3 and 15 months, retinal thickness was measured in vivo using Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Ex vivo analyses were done at 3, 7, or 14 days or 15 months after damage. Whole-mounted retinas were immunolabelled for brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3A (Brn3a) and melanopsin (m), the total number of Brn3a+RGCs and m+RGCs were quantified, and their topography represented. In control retinas, the mean total numbers of Brn3a+RGCs and m+RGCs were 78,903 ± 3572 and 2358 ± 144 (mean ± SD; n = 10), respectively. In the NMDA injected retinas, Brn3a+RGCs numbers diminished to 49%, 28%, 24%, and 19%, at 3, 7, 14 days, and 15 months, respectively. There was no further loss between 7 days and 15 months. The number of immunoidentified m+RGCs decreased significantly at 3 days, recovered between 3 and 7 days, and were back to normal thereafter. OCT measurements revealed a significant thinning of the left retinas at 3 and 15 months. Intravitreal injections of NMDA induced within a week a rapid loss of 72% of Brn3a+RGCs, a transient downregulation of melanopsin expression (but not m+RGC death), and a thinning of the inner retinal layers.
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Pacelli C, Rotundo G, Lecce L, Menga M, Bidollari E, Scrima R, Cela O, Piccoli C, Cocco T, Vescovi AL, Mazzoccoli G, Rosati J, Capitanio N. Parkin Mutation Affects Clock Gene-Dependent Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112772. [PMID: 31195749 PMCID: PMC6600341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights a tight connection between circadian rhythms, molecular clockworks, and mitochondrial function. In particular, mitochondrial quality control and bioenergetics have been proven to undergo circadian oscillations driven by core clock genes. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. Almost half of the autosomal recessive forms of juvenile parkinsonism have been associated with mutations in the PARK2 gene coding for parkin, shown to be involved in mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial quality control. The aim of this study was to investigate, in fibroblasts from genetic PD patients carrying parkin mutations, the interplay between mitochondrial bioenergetics and the cell autonomous circadian clock. Using two different in vitro synchronization protocols, we demonstrated that normal fibroblasts displayed rhythmic oscillations of both mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic activity. Conversely, in fibroblasts obtained from PD patients, a severe damping of the bioenergetic oscillatory patterns was observed. Analysis of the core clock genes showed deregulation of their expression patterns in PD fibroblasts, which was confirmed in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) derived thereof. The results from this study support a reciprocal interplay between the clockwork machinery and mitochondrial energy metabolism, point to a parkin-dependent mechanism of regulation, and unveil a hitherto unappreciated level of complexity in the pathophysiology of PD and eventually other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giovannina Rotundo
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Lucia Lecce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marta Menga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Eris Bidollari
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Bicocca University of Milan, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Lax P, Kutsyr O, Esquiva G, Altavilla C, Maneu V, Cuenca N. Cannabinoid-mediated retinal rescue correlates with improved circadian parameters in retinal dystrophic rats. Exp Eye Res 2019; 180:192-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Crowley EK, Nolan YM, Sullivan AM. Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from rodent models. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 172:2-22. [PMID: 30481560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway, which leads to the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease - tremor, rigidity and postural instability. A number of non-motor symptoms are also associated with PD, including cognitive impairment, mood disturbances and dysfunction of gastrointestinal and autonomic systems. Current therapies provide symptomatic relief but do not halt the disease process, so there is an urgent need for preventative strategies. Lifestyle interventions such as aerobic exercise have shown potential to lower the risk of developing PD and to alleviate both motor and non-motor symptoms. However, there is a lack of large-scale randomised clinical trials that have employed exercise in PD patients. This review will focus on the evidence from studies on rodent models of PD, for employing exercise as an intervention for both motor and non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Crowley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Y M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - A M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
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13
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Low-Grade Inflammation Aggravates Rotenone Neurotoxicity and Disrupts Circadian Clock Gene Expression in Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:421-431. [PMID: 30328585 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A single injection of LPS produced low-grade neuroinflammation leading to Parkinson's disease (PD) in mice several months later. Whether such a phenomenon occurs in rats and whether such low-grade neuroinflammation would aggravate rotenone (ROT) neurotoxicity and disrupts circadian clock gene/protein expressions were examined in this study. Male rats were given two injections of LPS (2.5-7.5 mg/kg), and neuroinflammation and dopamine neuron loss were evident 3 months later. Seven months after a single LPS (5 mg/kg) injection, rats received low doses of ROT (0.5 mg/kg, sc, 5 times/week for 4 weeks) to examine low-grade neuroinflammation on ROT toxicity. LPS plus ROT produced more pronounced non-motor and motor dysfunctions than LPS or ROT alone in behavioral tests, and decreased mitochondrial complex 1 activity, together with aggravated neuroinflammation and neuron loss. The expressions of clock core genes brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1), locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock), and neuronal PAS domain protein-2 (Npas2) were decreased in LPS, ROT, and LPS plus ROT groups. The expressions of circadian feedback genes Periods (Per1 and Per2) were also decreased, but Cryptochromes (Cry1 and Cry2) were unaltered. The circadian clock target genes nuclear receptor Rev-Erbα (Nr1d1), and D-box-binding protein (Dbp) expressions were also decreased. Consistent with the transcript levels, circadian clock protein BMAL1, CLOCK, NR1D1, and DBP were also decreased. Thus, LPS-induced chronic low-grade neuroinflammation potentiated ROT neurotoxicity and disrupted circadian clock gene/protein expression, suggesting a role of disrupted circadian in PD development and progression. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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14
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Souza LC, Martynhak BJ, Bassani TB, Turnes JDM, Machado MM, Moura E, Andreatini R, Vital MA. Agomelatine's effect on circadian locomotor rhythm alteration and depressive-like behavior in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 188:298-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Madrid-Navarro CJ, Escamilla-Sevilla F, Mínguez-Castellanos A, Campos M, Ruiz-Abellán F, Madrid JA, Rol MA. Multidimensional Circadian Monitoring by Wearable Biosensors in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:157. [PMID: 29632508 PMCID: PMC5879441 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with several non-motor symptoms that may precede the diagnosis and constitute a major source of frailty in this population. The digital era in health care has open up new prospects to move forward from the qualitative and subjective scoring for PD with the use of new wearable biosensors that enable frequent quantitative, reliable, repeatable, and multidimensional measurements to be made with minimal discomfort and inconvenience for patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted to test a wrist-worn device combined with machine-learning processing to detect circadian rhythms of sleep, motor, and autonomic disruption, which can be suitable for the objective and non-invasive evaluation of PD patients. Wrist skin temperature, motor acceleration, time in movement, hand position, light exposure, and sleep rhythms were continuously measured in 12 PD patients and 12 age-matched healthy controls for seven consecutive days using an ambulatory circadian monitoring device (ACM). Our study demonstrates that a multichannel ACM device collects reliable and complementary information from motor (acceleration and time in movement) and common non-motor (sleep and skin temperature rhythms) features frequently disrupted in PD. Acceleration during the daytime (as indicative of motor impairment), time in movement during sleep (representative of fragmented sleep) and their ratio (A/T) are the best indexes to objectively characterize the most common symptoms of PD, allowing for a reliable and easy scoring method to evaluate patients. Chronodisruption score, measured by the integrative algorithm known as the circadian function index is directly linked to a low A/T score. Our work attempts to implement innovative technologies based on wearable, multisensor, objective, and easy-to-use devices, to quantify PD circadian rhythms in huge populations over extended periods of time, while controlling at the same time exposure to exogenous circadian synchronizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Madrid-Navarro
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Escamilla-Sevilla
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Adolfo Mínguez-Castellanos
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos
- Chronobiology Laboratory, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan A Madrid
- Chronobiology Laboratory, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Murcia, Spain
| | - M A Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Willis GL, Freelance CB. Emerging preclinical interest concerning the role of circadian function in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2017; 1678:203-213. [PMID: 28958865 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of circadian function in the aetiology, progression and treatment of Parkinson's disease is a topic of increasing interest to the scientific and clinical community. While clinical studies on this theme are relatively new and limited in number there are many preclinical studies which explore possible circadian involvement in Parkinson's disease and speculate as to the mechanism by which clinical benefit can be derived by manipulating the circadian system. The present review explores the sequelae of circadian related studies from a historical perspective and reveals mechanisms that may be involved in the aetiology and progression of the disease. A systematic review of these studies also sets the stage for understanding the basic neuroscientific approaches which have been applied and provides new direction from which circadian function can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Willis
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Vic 3444, Australia.
| | - Christopher B Freelance
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Vic 3444, Australia
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17
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A New Perspective for Parkinson's Disease: Circadian Rhythm. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:62-72. [PMID: 27995565 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is manifested by the behavioral and physiological changes from day to night, which is controlled by the pacemaker and its regulator. The former is located at the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus, while the latter is composed of clock genes present in all tissues. Circadian desynchronization influences normal patterns of day-night rhythms such as sleep and alertness cycles, rest and activity cycles. Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibits diurnal fluctuations. Circadian dysfunction has been observed in PD patients and animal models, which may result in negative consequences to the homeostasis and even exacerbate the disease progression. Therefore, circadian therapies, including light stimulation, physical activity, dietary and social schedules, may be helpful for PD patients. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the circadian dysfunction in PD remain elusive. Further research on circadian patterns is needed. This article summarizes the existing research on the circadian rhythms in PD, focusing on the clinical symptom variations, molecular changes, as well as the available treatment options.
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18
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Lax P, Esquiva G, Fuentes-Broto L, Segura F, Sánchez-Cano A, Cuenca N, Pinilla I. Age-related changes in photosensitive melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells correlate with circadian rhythm impairments in sighted and blind rats. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:374-91. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1151025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Videnovic A, Willis GL. Circadian system - A novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord 2016; 31:260-9. [PMID: 26826022 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system regulates biological rhythmicity in the human body. The role of the circadian system in neurological disorders is a theme that is attracting an increasing amount of interest from the scientific community. This has arisen, in part, from emerging evidence that disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) are multifactorial with many features exhibiting diurnal fluctuations, thereby suggestive of circadian involvement. Although the importance of fluctuating motor and nonmotor manifestations in PD have been well acknowledged, the role of the circadian system has received little attention until recently. It is proposed that intervening with circadian function provides a novel research avenue down which new strategies for improving symptomatic treatment and slowing of the progressive degenerative process can be approached to lessen the burden of PD. In this article we review the literature describing existing circadian research in PD and its experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Videnovic
- Movement Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory L Willis
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Kyneton, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Johnson ME, Bobrovskaya L. An update on the rotenone models of Parkinson's disease: their ability to reproduce the features of clinical disease and model gene-environment interactions. Neurotoxicology 2014; 46:101-16. [PMID: 25514659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by two major neuropathological hallmarks: the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the presence of Lewy bodies in the surviving SN neurons, as well as other regions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Animal models have been invaluable tools for investigating the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of PD and testing new potential symptomatic, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies. However, the usefulness of these models is dependent on how precisely they replicate the features of clinical PD with some studies now employing combined gene-environment models to replicate more of the affected pathways. The rotenone model of PD has become of great interest following the seminal paper by the Greenamyre group in 2000 (Betarbet et al., 2000). This paper reported for the first time that systemic rotenone was able to reproduce the two pathological hallmarks of PD as well as certain parkinsonian motor deficits. Since 2000, many research groups have actively used the rotenone model worldwide. This paper will review rotenone models, focusing upon their ability to reproduce the two pathological hallmarks of PD, motor deficits, extranigral pathology and non-motor symptoms. We will also summarize the recent advances in neuroprotective therapies, focusing on those that investigated non-motor symptoms and review rotenone models used in combination with PD genetic models to investigate gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela E Johnson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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21
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Bassani TB, Gradowski RW, Zaminelli T, Barbiero JK, Santiago RM, Boschen SL, da Cunha C, Lima MMS, Andreatini R, Vital MABF. Neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects of melatonin in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model in rats. Brain Res 2014; 1593:95-105. [PMID: 25301688 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson׳s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Systemic and intranigral exposure to rotenone in rodents reproduces many of the pathological and behavioral features of PD in humans and thus has been used as an animal model of the disease. Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, which has several important physiological functions. It has been reported to be neuroprotective in some animal models of PD. The present study investigated the effects of prolonged melatonin treatment in rats previously exposed to rotenone. The animals were intraperitoneally treated for 10 days with rotenone (2.5mg/kg) or its vehicle. 24h later, they were intraperitoneally treated with melatonin (10mg/kg) or its vehicle for 28 days. One day after the last rotenone exposure, the animals exhibited hypolocomotion in the open field test, which spontaneously reversed at the last motor evaluation. We verified that prolonged melatonin treatment after dopaminergic lesion did not alter motor function but produced antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test, prevented the rotenone-induced reduction of striatal dopamine, and partially prevented tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity loss in the SNpc. Our results indicate that melatonin exerts neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects in the rotenone model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taysa B Bassani
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Zaminelli
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
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22
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Fifel K, Dkhissi-Benyahya O, Cooper HM. Lack of long-term changes in circadian, locomotor, and cognitive functions in acute and chronic MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse models of parkinson’s disease. Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:741-55. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.762011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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