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Stachura P, Liu W, Xu HC, Wlodarczyk A, Stencel O, Pandey P, Vogt M, Bhatia S, Picard D, Remke M, Lang KS, Häussinger D, Homey B, Lang PA, Borkhardt A, Pandyra AA. Unleashing T cell anti-tumor immunity: new potential for 5-Nonloxytryptamine as an agent mediating MHC-I upregulation in tumors. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:136. [PMID: 37582744 PMCID: PMC10426104 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapies are urgently needed in melanoma, particularly in late-stage patients not responsive to immunotherapies and kinase inhibitors. To uncover novel potentiators of T cell anti-tumor immunity, we carried out an ex vivo pharmacological screen and identified 5-Nonyloxytryptamine (5-NL), a serotonin agonist, as increasing the ability of T cells to target tumor cells. METHODS The pharmacological screen utilized lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-primed splenic T cells and melanoma B16.F10 cells expressing the LCMV gp33 CTL epitope. In vivo tumor growth in C57BL/6 J and NSG mice, in vivo antibody depletion, flow cytometry, immunoblot, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, histological and RNA-Seq analyses were used to decipher 5-NL's immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS 5-NL delayed tumor growth in vivo and the phenotype was dependent on the hosts' immune system, specifically CD8+ T cells. 5-NL's pro-immune effects were not directly consequential to T cells. Rather, 5-NL upregulated antigen presenting machinery in melanoma and other tumor cells in vitro and in vivo without increasing PD-L1 expression. Mechanistic studies indicated that 5-NL's induced MHC-I expression was inhibited by pharmacologically preventing cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Importantly, 5-NL combined with anti-PD1 therapy showed significant improvement when compared to single anti-PD-1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates novel therapeutic opportunities for augmenting immune responses in poorly immunogenic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Stachura
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnès Wlodarczyk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olivia Stencel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melina Vogt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Wang J, Cai S, Xiong Q, Weng D, Wang Q, Ma Z. PIK3R2 predicts poor outcomes for patients with melanoma and contributes to the malignant progression via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB axis. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 25:1402-1412. [PMID: 36528701 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer worldwide. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2) exerts carcinogenic roles in various tumors. So far, the function and mechanism of PIK3R2 in melanoma are not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVE We aimed to clarify the role of PIK3R2 in melanoma. METHODS PIK3R2 expressions in melanoma clinical tissues and melanoma cells were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. In addition, PIK3R2 expressions in different tumor stages of melanoma were determined by immunohistochemistry assay. Meanwhile, PIK3R2 function was evaluated using loss or gain-of-function assays, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell analysis. Furthermore, PIK3R2 mechanism in melanoma was assessed by a series of rescue experiments. RESULTS PIK3R2 was highly expressed in melanoma tissues and cells, and PIK3R2 expressions were the highest in Stage IV. Functionally, PIK3R2 knockdown repressed melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and facilitated cell apoptosis. Also, PIK3R2 overexpression produced an opposite trend. Mechanistically, PIK3R2 facilitated melanoma progression by activating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, PIK3R2 knockdown restrained the melanoma tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PIK3R2 aggravated melanoma by activating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway, prompting that PIK3R2 might be a therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital (Pukou Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, 211800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Structural Deformities in Children, No. 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Structural Deformities in Children, No. 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyu Weng
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital (Pukou Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, 211800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhourui Ma
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No. 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Structural Deformities in Children, No. 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Trepanowski N, Chang MS, Zhou G, Ahmad M, Berry EG, Bui K, Butler WH, Chu EY, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Dellalana LE, Ellis DL, Freeman SC, Gorrepati PL, Grossman D, Gyurdzhyan S, Kanetsky PA, King ALO, Kolla AM, Lian CG, Lin JY, Liu V, Lowenthal A, McCoy KN, Munjal A, Myrdal CN, Perkins S, Powers JG, Rauck C, Smart TC, Stein JA, Venna S, Walsh ME, Wang JY, Leachman SA, Swetter SM, Hartman RI. Delays in melanoma presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide multi-institutional cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:1217-1219. [PMID: 35738513 PMCID: PMC9212700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Trepanowski
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guohai Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maham Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth G Berry
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katherine Bui
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - William H Butler
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- Division of Dermatology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Laura E Dellalana
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Darrel L Ellis
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Dermatology, Nashville VA Medical Centers, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - S Caleb Freeman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Douglas Grossman
- Department of Dermatology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Peter A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amber Loren Ong King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Avani M Kolla
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Christine G Lian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Y Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincent Liu
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Annie Lowenthal
- Department of Dermatology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Ananya Munjal
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Caitlyn N Myrdal
- Division of Dermatology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sara Perkins
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer G Powers
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Corinne Rauck
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tristan C Smart
- Department of Dermatology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jennifer A Stein
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Suraj Venna
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Inova Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Madalyn E Walsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jennifer Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology/Pigmented Lesion and Melanoma Program, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology/Pigmented Lesion and Melanoma Program, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California; Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Rebecca I Hartman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, VA Integrated Service Network (VISN-1), Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
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4
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Shi X, Xu X, Shi N, Chen Y, Fu M. MicroRNA-520d-3p suppresses melanoma cells proliferation by inhibiting the anti-silencing function 1B histone chaperone. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10703-10715. [PMID: 34872448 PMCID: PMC8809954 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common and aggressive malignant form of skin cancer, melanoma has a poor prognosis in its late stage. MicroRNA (miR)-520d-3p has been reported as a key modulator that regulates the development of different types of cancer, but its role in melanoma remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-520d-3p in melanoma. The expression of anti-silencing function 1B histone chaperone (ASF1B) and miR-520d-3p in melanoma tissues and cells was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between ASF1B and miR-520d-3p was verified by luciferase activity detection. Cell counting kit-8, bromodeoxyuridine, fluorescein isothiocyanate, and cell adhesion assays were performed to detect cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion in melanoma cells. ASF1B expression was evidently increased, whereas miR-520d-3p level was downregulated in melanoma tissues and cells. Overexpression of ASF1B enhanced cell growth and adhesion and hampered cell apoptosis in melanoma cells. Furthermore, miR-520d-3p suppressed the tumorigenic effects of melanoma cells. Moreover, miR-520d-3p suppressed the expression of ASF1B to suppress melanoma tumorigenesis. In conclusion, we have found out that miR-520d-3p suppressed melanoma tumorigenesis by inhibiting ASF1B, which could be a promising target for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Xidan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Nian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Manni Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, China
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5
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Zhao M, Kawahara J, Abhishek K, Shamanian S, Hamarneh G. Skin3D: Detection and Longitudinal Tracking of Pigmented Skin Lesions in 3D Total-Body Textured Meshes. Med Image Anal 2021; 77:102329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Zablocka T, Nikolajeva A, Kreismane M, Pjanova D, Isajevs S. Addressing the importance of melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in disease progression and clinicopathological characteristics. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:255. [PMID: 34671473 PMCID: PMC8521388 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary cutaneous melanoma are considered to represent the host's antitumor immunological response; however, whether there are associations between TIL grade and histopathological characteristics and disease survival remains controversial. BRAF mutational status has been established as a routine screening method in advanced malignant melanoma, and worse prognosis rates have been demonstrated in patients harboring BRAF mutations. However, the general impact of BRAF mutational status on survival and histopathological characteristics is still debated. The aim of the present study was to compare the value of the assessment of TIL grade in stages I-II nodular and superficial spreading melanoma and BRAF mutational status, and its influence on clinicopathological characteristics. Altogether, 85 patients at stage IA-IIC who underwent melanoma surgical treatment at the Riga East University Hospital between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The histopathological characteristics were assessed according to the current World Health Organization and The American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition guidelines. The current study showed that patients with melanoma with high TIL grade had significantly better progression-free survival than patients with low TIL grade (hazard ratio, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.3-11.2; P<0.0001). BRAF mutations were observed in 52 patients (61.2%). BRAF mutational status in melanoma was associated with Clark invasion level (P=0.045), patient age (P=0.02) and TIL (P=0.04). The assessment of TIL grade in stage I-II melanoma demonstrated prognostic significance value and may help improve risk assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Zablocka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, Centre of Pathology, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Institute of Pathology, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, LV-1005 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anna Nikolajeva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Madara Kreismane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Isajevs
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, Centre of Pathology, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, LV-1005 Riga, Latvia
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7
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Elliott LG, Sharma M. Teledermatology 2-week-wait skin cancer referrals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a service evaluation. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:458-459. [PMID: 34559901 PMCID: PMC8652636 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L G Elliott
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - M Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
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8
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Robinson ER, Gowrishankar G, D'Souza AL, Kheirolomoom A, Haywood T, Hori SS, Chuang HY, Zeng Y, Tumbale SK, Aalipour A, Beinat C, Alam IS, Sathirachinda A, Kanada M, Paulmurugan R, Ferrara KW, Gambhir SS. Minicircles for a two-step blood biomarker and PET imaging early cancer detection strategy. J Control Release 2021; 335:281-289. [PMID: 34029631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early cancer detection can dramatically increase treatment options and survival rates for patients, yet detection of early-stage tumors remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate a two-step strategy to detect and locate cancerous lesions by delivering tumor-activatable minicircle (MC) plasmids encoding a combination of blood-based and imaging reporter genes to tumor cells. We genetically engineered the MCs, under the control of the pan-tumor-specific Survivin promoter, to encode: 1) Gaussia Luciferase (GLuc), a secreted biomarker that can be easily assayed in blood samples; and 2) Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase mutant (HSV-1 sr39TK), a PET reporter gene that can be used for highly sensitive and quantitative imaging of the tumor location. We evaluated two methods of MC delivery, complexing the MCs with the chemical transfection reagent jetPEI or encapsulating the MCs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from a human cervical cancer HeLa cell line. MCs delivered by EVs or jetPEI yielded significant expression of the reporter genes in cell culture versus MCs delivered without a transfection reagent. Secreted GLuc correlated with HSV-1 sr39TK expression with R2 = 0.9676. MC complexation with jetPEI delivered a larger mass of MC for enhanced transfection, which was crucial for in vivo animal studies, where delivery of MCs via jetPEI resulted in GLuc and HSV-1 sr39TK expression at significantly higher levels than controls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the PET reporter gene HSV-1 sr39TK delivered via a tumor-activatable MC to tumor cells for an early cancer detection strategy. This work explores solutions to endogenous blood-based biomarker and molecular imaging limitations of early cancer detection strategies and elucidates the delivery capabilities and limitations of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise R Robinson
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gayatri Gowrishankar
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aloma L D'Souza
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tom Haywood
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon S Hori
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hui-Yen Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amin Aalipour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Corinne Beinat
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ataya Sathirachinda
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Masamitsu Kanada
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824., USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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9
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Zhang T, Liu W, Fu C, Qiao Y, Xiao K, Ren L, Feng C, Wang J, Yang W, Li XQ, Cao W. Structures and anti-melanoma activities of two polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:972-981. [PMID: 33965492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide is one of the necessary macromolecules in life activities, and it is also a very promising natural product for tumor prevention and treatment. In this study, two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS-4I and APS-4II) were isolated from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. APS-4I was a linear glucan with molecular weight of 16.1 kDa, which was composed of 88.4% α-1,6-Glcp, 4.1% α-1,2-Glcp, 3.9% α-1,3-Glcp, and 2.8% α-T-Glcp. APS-4II was a novel polysaccharide with molecular weight of 11.1 kDa, which consisted of 55.4% α-1,6-Glcp, 10.4% α-1,3,5-Araf, 8.7% α-T-Araf, 9.2% α-1,5-Araf, 4.0% α-1,3-Araf, 3.6% α-1,4-Galp, and 9.1% β-1,3-Galp. NMR results demonstrated that APS-4II has a backbone composed of →6)-α-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-Glcp-(1 → 5)-α-Araf-. (1 → 5)-α-Araf-(1 → 3,5)-α-Araf-(1 → 3)-β-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-Galp-(1 → 3)-α-Araf-(1 → 3,5)-α-Araf-(1→. Both APS-4I and APS-4II inhibited the tumor growth of B16-bearing mice, and the suppressive effect of APS-4II reached 64.7 ± 7.3%. Meanwhile, there were higher lymphocyte numbers and the levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in peripheral blood of APS-4II-treated mice than those in APS-4I-treated mice. Furthermore, APS-4II showed a higher inhibitory effect on the proliferation of B16 cells and stronger promoting effects on the proliferation of splenocytes, the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages, and the cytotoxicity of NK cells. These results demonstrated that APS-4II could be a promising therapeutic agent for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chengyang Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuhe Qiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kaimin Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Caixia Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingmei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weixia Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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10
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Artesunate inhibits melanoma progression in vitro via suppressing STAT3 signaling pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:650-663. [PMID: 33609273 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a life-threatening cancer characterized with a potentially metastatic tumor of melanocytic origin. Improved methods or novel therapies are urgently needed to eliminate the development of metastases. Artesunate is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin used for trarment of malaria and cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of artesunate and the role on STAT3 signaling in A375 human melanoma cell line. METHODS Melanoma cells were treated with artesunate at concentrations of 0-5 μM for 24 and 48 h. The inhibition of cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, adhesion, percentage of apoptotic cells, and expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and related proteins were examined. RESULTS Artesunate inhibited cellular proliferation of cancer cells by induction of apoptosis at sub-toxic doses. Cells treated with artesunate showed an inhibition in adhesion to extracellular matrix substrate matrigel and type IV collagen. Artesunate treatment showed a decreased cellular migration, invasion, and colony formation in melanoma cells. Artesunate also inhibited STAT3 and Src activations and STAT3 related protein expressions; such as metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, Mcl-1, Bxl-xL, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Twist. Moreover, overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 in A375 cells attenuated the anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-invasive effects of artesunate. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study demonstrated that the anticancer activity of artesunate occurred via STAT3 pathway and its target proteins. Therefore, it can be suggested that artesunate may be an important candidate molecule in the treatment of melanoma.
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11
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Ronchi A, Pagliuca F, Zito Marino F, Argenziano G, Brancaccio G, Alfano R, Signoriello G, Moscarella E, Franco R. Second Diagnostic Opinion by Experienced Dermatopathologists in the Setting of a Referral Regional Melanoma Unit Significantly Improves the Clinical Management of Patients With Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:568946. [PMID: 33614670 PMCID: PMC7890120 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.568946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma and melanocytic neoplasms in general is one of the most challenging fields in pathology, and the reported interobserver diagnostic agreement in the evaluation of melanocytic lesions is poor. Nevertheless, a correct histopathological diagnosis is crucial to ensure a good clinical management of the patients. The institution of multidisciplinary teams has recently modified the approach to the patients with cutaneous melanoma. Patients referred to a multidisciplinary melanoma unit after receiving a diagnosis of melanoma elsewhere are encouraged to have their histopathological diagnosis confirmed by a second opinion from the experienced pathologist of the team before any treatment is initiated. We performed a retrospective analysis on a series of 121 histopathological revisions required for melanocytic neoplasms in the context of a multidisciplinary team, in order to evaluate the effects of second diagnostic opinion (SDO) on the clinical management of the patients. We defined three types of diagnostic discrepancies between the first diagnosis and the second opinion, according to the greatness of their clinical impact. Overall, the incidence of diagnostic discrepancies of any type was quite high in our series (56%). Interestingly, the SDO determined relevant changes in the clinical management of the patients in 33 out of 121 (27.3%) cases. This study confirms that SDO by expert pathologists significantly affects the course of treatment of melanoma patients and helps improving the diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagliuca
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Brancaccio
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Alfano
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgery and Emergency, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Signoriello
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Moscarella
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
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12
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Hessler M, Jalilian E, Xu Q, Reddy S, Horton L, Elkin K, Manwar R, Tsoukas M, Mehregan D, Avanaki K. Melanoma Biomarkers and Their Potential Application for In Vivo Diagnostic Imaging Modalities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9583. [PMID: 33339193 PMCID: PMC7765677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and remains a diagnostic challenge in the dermatology clinic. Several non-invasive imaging techniques have been developed to identify melanoma. The signal source in each of these modalities is based on the alteration of physical characteristics of the tissue from healthy/benign to melanoma. However, as these characteristics are not always sufficiently specific, the current imaging techniques are not adequate for use in the clinical setting. A more robust way of melanoma diagnosis is to "stain" or selectively target the suspect tissue with a melanoma biomarker attached to a contrast enhancer of one imaging modality. Here, we categorize and review known melanoma diagnostic biomarkers with the goal of guiding skin imaging experts to design an appropriate diagnostic tool for differentiating between melanoma and benign lesions with a high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Hessler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Elmira Jalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Shriya Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Luke Horton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kenneth Elkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Maria Tsoukas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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13
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Po Harvey Chin Y, Hsin Huang I, Yu Hou Z, Yu Chen P, Bassir F, Han Wang H, Ting Lin Y, Chuan Jack Li Y. User satisfaction with a smartphone-compatible, artificial intelligence-based cutaneous pigmented lesion evaluator. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 195:105649. [PMID: 32750631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, and it may arise from a cutaneous pigmented lesion. As artificial intelligence (AI)-based teledermatology services hold promise in redefining the melanoma screening paradigm, a study that evaluates user satisfaction with a smartphone-compatible, AI-based cutaneous pigmented lesion evaluator is lacking. METHODS Data was collected between April and May 2019 in Taiwan. To assess user satisfaction with MoleMe, an AI-based cutaneous pigmented lesion evaluator on a smartphone, users were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to evaluate four aspects, including interaction, impact on daily life, usability, and overall performance, after completing a MoleMe evaluation session. For each question, users could rank their satisfaction level from 1 to 5, with five showing strongly satisfied and one showing strongly unsatisfied. The Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare user satisfaction among different age groups, genders, and risk predictions received. RESULT A total of 1231 questionnaires were collected for analysis. Over 90% of the participants were satisfied (score = 4 or 5) and over 75% of the participants were strongly satisfied (score 5) with MoleMe, in terms of usability, interaction, and impact on daily life. The user satisfaction did not show a significant difference between genders, age groups, and risk predictions received. (all P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: With high user satisfaction regardless of age group, gender, and risk prediction received, AI-based teledermatology services on a smartphone such as MoleMe may potentially achieve widespread usage and be beneficial to both patients and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Po Harvey Chin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - I Hsin Huang
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ze Yu Hou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po Yu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Fatima Bassir
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Hsiao Han Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ting Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chuan Jack Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Increasing melanoma incidence in the elderly in North-East Hungary: is this a more serious problem than we thought? Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 28:544-550. [PMID: 30399042 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need for efficient and cost-effective melanoma screening, but this is not yet solved. Epidemiological studies on trends in melanoma incidence by tumour thickness, anatomical site and demographical data can help to improve public health efforts regarding earlier melanoma diagnosis. We aimed to study the trends in the incidence and characteristics of patients and their melanoma in North-East Hungary from 2000 to 2014. Data were obtained from a university hospital-based registry. A total of 1509 cutaneous invasive melanomas of 1464 patients were included in the study. A moderate but significant increase in incidence was observed in the region [average annual percentage change: 3.04 (0.07; 6.11); P = 0.045], with a breakpoint in 2007. From 2001 to 2007, the trend was increasing [APC: 9.84 (3.52; 16.55); P=0.006], but it stalled from 2007 [APC: -2.45 (-5.99; 1.23); P = 0.164]. However, in the age groups over the age of 60 years, where the standardised incidence was the highest, the incidence continued to rise. Furthermore, older age, male sex and trunk or lower extremity localization were found to be associated with thicker melanomas. Our results support that regular screening examination for melanoma would be desirable for people over the age of 60 years.
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15
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Liu W, Stachura P, Xu HC, Umesh Ganesh N, Cox F, Wang R, Lang KS, Gopalakrishnan J, Häussinger D, Homey B, Lang PA, Pandyra AA. Repurposing the serotonin agonist Tegaserod as an anticancer agent in melanoma: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:38. [PMID: 32085796 PMCID: PMC7035645 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-1539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapies are urgently needed in melanoma particularly in late-stage patients not responsive to immunotherapies and kinase inhibitors. METHODS Drug screening, IC50 determinations as well as synergy assays were detected by the MTT assay. Apoptosis using Annexin V and 7AAD staining was assessed using flow cytometry. TUNEL staining was performed using immunocytochemistry. Changes in phosphorylation of key molecules in PI3K/Akt/mTOR and other relevant pathways were detected by western blot as well as immunocytochemistry. To assess in vivo anti-tumor activity of Tegaserod, syngeneic intravenous and subcutaneous melanoma xenografts were used. Immunocytochemical staining was performed to detect expression of active Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase 8 and p-S6 in tumors. Evaluation of immune infiltrates was carried out by flow cytometry. RESULTS Using a screen of 770 pharmacologically active and/or FDA approved drugs, we identified Tegaserod (Zelnorm, Zelmac) as a compound with novel anti-cancer activity which induced apoptosis in murine and human malignant melanoma cell lines. Tegaserod (TM) is a serotonin receptor 4 agonist (HTR4) used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). TM's anti-melanoma apoptosis-inducing effects were uncoupled from serotonin signaling and attributed to PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling inhibition. Specifically, TM blunted S6 phosphorylation in both BRAFV600E and BRAF wildtype (WT) melanoma cell lines. TM decreased tumor growth and metastases as well as increased survival in an in vivo syngeneic immune-competent model. In vivo, TM also caused tumor cell apoptosis, blunted PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and decreased S6 phosphorylation. Furthermore TM decreased the infiltration of immune suppressive regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells and FOXP3 and ROR-γt positive CD4+ T cells. Importantly, TM synergized with Vemurafenib, the standard of care drug used in patients with late stage disease harboring the BRAFV600E mutation and could be additively or synergistically combined with Cobimetinib in both BRAFV600E and BRAF WT melanoma cell lines in inducing anti-cancer effects. CONCLUSION Taken together, we have identified a drug with anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo that has the potential to be combined with the standard of care agent Vemurafenib and Cobimetinib in both BRAFV600E and BRAF WT melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paweł Stachura
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikkitha Umesh Ganesh
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fiona Cox
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Fink C, Blum A, Buhl T, Mitteldorf C, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Deinlein T, Stolz W, Trennheuser L, Cussigh C, Deltgen D, Winkler JK, Toberer F, Enk A, Rosenberger A, Haenssle HA. Diagnostic performance of a deep learning convolutional neural network in the differentiation of combined naevi and melanomas. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1355-1361. [PMID: 31856342 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN) may assist physicians in the diagnosis of melanoma. The capacity of a CNN to differentiate melanomas from combined naevi, the latter representing well-known melanoma simulators, has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic performance of a CNN when used to differentiate melanomas from combined naevi in comparison with dermatologists. METHODS In this study, a CNN with regulatory approval for the European market (Moleanalyzer-Pro, FotoFinder Systems GmbH, Bad Birnbach, Germany) was used. We attained a dichotomous classification (benign, malignant) in dermoscopic images of 36 combined naevi and 36 melanomas with a mean Breslow thickness of 1.3 mm. Primary outcome measures were the CNN's sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) in comparison with 11 dermatologists with different levels of experience. RESULTS The CNN revealed a sensitivity, specificity and DOR of 97.1% (95% CI [82.7-99.6]), 78.8% (95% CI [62.8-89.1.3]) and 34 (95% CI [4.8-239]), respectively. Dermatologists showed a lower mean sensitivity, specificity and DOR of 90.6% (95% CI [84.1-94.7]; P = 0.092), 71.0% (95% CI [62.6-78.1]; P = 0.256) and 24 (95% CI [11.6-48.4]; P = 0.1114). Under the assumption that dermatologists use the CNN to verify their (initial) melanoma diagnosis, dermatologists achieve an increased specificity of 90.3% (95% CI [79.8-95.6]) at an almost unchanged sensitivity. The largest benefit was observed in 'beginners', who performed worst without CNN verification (DOR = 12) but best with CNN verification (DOR = 98). CONCLUSION The tested CNN more accurately classified combined naevi and melanomas in comparison with trained dermatologists. Their diagnostic performance could be improved if the CNN was used to confirm/overrule an initial melanoma diagnosis. Application of a CNN may therefore be of benefit to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Blum
- Public, Private and Teaching Practice, Konstanz, Germany
| | - T Buhl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Mitteldorf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R Hofmann-Wellenhof
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - T Deinlein
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - W Stolz
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Environmental Medicine II, Hospital Thalkirchner Street, Munich, Germany
| | - L Trennheuser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Cussigh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Deltgen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J K Winkler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Toberer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - H A Haenssle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Winkler JK, Fink C, Toberer F, Enk A, Deinlein T, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Thomas L, Lallas A, Blum A, Stolz W, Haenssle HA. Association Between Surgical Skin Markings in Dermoscopic Images and Diagnostic Performance of a Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network for Melanoma Recognition. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:1135-1141. [PMID: 31411641 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown a performance at the level of dermatologists in the diagnosis of melanoma. Accordingly, further exploring the potential limitations of CNN technology before broadly applying it is of special interest. Objective To investigate the association between gentian violet surgical skin markings in dermoscopic images and the diagnostic performance of a CNN approved for use as a medical device in the European market. Design and Setting A cross-sectional analysis was conducted from August 1, 2018, to November 30, 2018, using a CNN architecture trained with more than 120 000 dermoscopic images of skin neoplasms and corresponding diagnoses. The association of gentian violet skin markings in dermoscopic images with the performance of the CNN was investigated in 3 image sets of 130 melanocytic lesions each (107 benign nevi, 23 melanomas). Exposures The same lesions were sequentially imaged with and without the application of a gentian violet surgical skin marker and then evaluated by the CNN for their probability of being a melanoma. In addition, the markings were removed by manually cropping the dermoscopic images to focus on the melanocytic lesion. Main Outcomes and Measures Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the CNN's diagnostic classification in unmarked, marked, and cropped images. Results In all, 130 melanocytic lesions (107 benign nevi and 23 melanomas) were imaged. In unmarked lesions, the CNN achieved a sensitivity of 95.7% (95% CI, 79%-99.2%) and a specificity of 84.1% (95% CI, 76.0%-89.8%). The ROC AUC was 0.969. In marked lesions, an increase in melanoma probability scores was observed that resulted in a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 85.7%-100%) and a significantly reduced specificity of 45.8% (95% CI, 36.7%-55.2%, P < .001). The ROC AUC was 0.922. Cropping images led to the highest sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 85.7%-100%), specificity of 97.2% (95% CI, 92.1%-99.0%), and ROC AUC of 0.993. Heat maps created by vanilla gradient descent backpropagation indicated that the blue markings were associated with the increased false-positive rate. Conclusions and Relevance This study's findings suggest that skin markings significantly interfered with the CNN's correct diagnosis of nevi by increasing the melanoma probability scores and consequently the false-positive rate. A predominance of skin markings in melanoma training images may have induced the CNN's association of markings with a melanoma diagnosis. Accordingly, these findings suggest that skin markings should be avoided in dermoscopic images intended for analysis by a CNN. Trial Registration German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS) Identifier: DRKS00013570.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Winkler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Fink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Toberer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Deinlein
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Luc Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Blum
- Public, Private, and Teaching Practice, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stolz
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Environmental Medicine II, Klinik Thalkirchnerstraße, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger A Haenssle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the association between eruptive cherry angiomas (CAs) and malignant melanoma (MM). Secondary objectives included investigating (i) this association in different age subgroups, and (ii) the association of eruptive CAs with other variables such as malignant tumours, in general, and immunosuppressive treatments. This cross-sectional study involved all patients referred to the outpatient Dermatology-Oncology Units of the universities of Ferrara and Bologna, Italy, and submitted to total body skin examination. These patients were included in a previously collected series. We recorded age, sex, cutaneous and noncutaneous malignancies, immunosuppressive treatments, and presence of CAs. CAs were arbitrarily considered as 'eruptive' when more than or equal to 10. Variables significantly associated with eruptive CAs were included in the logistic regression analysis, also stratified by age. A total of 1693 patients were included in the present study: 500 patients had malignancies, 460 malignant skin tumours, 263 had MM; 150 patients were immunosuppressed; 804 (47.49%) patients had eruptive CAs. In the whole study population, age, immunosuppressive treatment, MM, other skin and nonskin malignant tumours were significantly associated with eruptive CAs at the multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis in each age subgroup revealed that the association between MM and eruptive CAs was highly significant in younger patients (≤50 years), significant in the 51-70 year-old subgroup, whereas it lost significance in older patients. These findings suggest an association between MM and eruptive CAs, particularly in the lower and intermediate age groups. Both the nature of this association and its possible impact in clinical practice, especially in MM screening, are yet to be established.
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Johansson M, Brodersen J, Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ. Screening for reducing morbidity and mortality in malignant melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 6:CD012352. [PMID: 31157404 PMCID: PMC6545529 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012352.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for malignant melanoma has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality from the disease through earlier detection, as prognosis is closely associated with the thickness of the lesion at the time of diagnosis. However, there are also potential harms from screening people without skin lesion concerns, such as overdiagnosis of lesions that would never have caused symptoms if they had remained undetected. Overdiagnosis results in harm through unnecessary treatment and the psychosocial consequences of being labelled with a cancer diagnosis. For any type of screening, the benefits must outweigh the harms. Screening for malignant melanoma is currently practised in many countries, and the incidence of the disease is rising sharply, while mortality remains largely unchanged. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects on morbidity and mortality of screening for malignant melanoma in the general population. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to May 2018: the Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS. We also searched five trials registries, checked the reference lists of included and other relevant studies for further references to randomised controlled trials (RCTs), used citation tracking (Web of Science) for key articles, and asked trialists about additional studies and study reports. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs, including cluster-randomised trials, of screening for malignant melanoma compared with no screening, regardless of screening modality or setting, in any type of population and in any age group where people were not suspected of having malignant melanoma. We excluded studies in people with a genetic disposition for malignant melanoma (e.g. familial atypical mole and melanoma syndrome) and studies performed exclusively in people with previous melanomas. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. The primary outcomes of this review were total mortality, overdiagnosis of malignant melanoma, and quality of life/psychosocial consequences. MAIN RESULTS We included two studies with 64,391 participants. The first study was a randomised trial of an intervention developed to increase the rate of performance of thorough skin self-examination. The intervention group received instructional materials, including cues and aids, a 14-minute instruction video, and a brief counselling session, and at three weeks a brief follow-up telephone call from a health educator, aimed at increasing performance of thorough skin self-examination. The control group received a diet intervention with similar follow-up. The trial included 1356 people, who were recruited from 11 primary care practices in the US between 2000 and 2001. Participant mean age was 53.2 years and 41.7% were men. This study did not report on any of our primary outcomes or the following secondary outcomes: mortality specific to malignant melanoma, false-positive rates (skin biopsies/excisions with benign outcome), or false-negative rates (malignant melanomas diagnosed between screening rounds and up to one year after the last round). All participants were asked to complete follow-up telephone interviews at 2, 6, and 12 months after randomisation.The second study was a pilot study for a cluster-RCT of population-based screening for malignant melanoma in Australia. This pilot trial included 63,035 adults aged over 30 years. The three-year programme involved community education, an education and support component for medical practitioners, and the provision of free skin screening services. The mean age of people attending the skin screening clinics (which were held by primary care physicians in workplaces, community venues, and local hospitals, and included day and evening sessions) was 46.5 years, and 51.5% were men. The study included whole communities, targeting participants over 30 years of age, but information on age and gender of the whole study population was not reported. Study duration was three years (1998 to 2001), and outcomes were measured at the screening clinics during these three years. There was no further follow-up for any outcomes. The control group received no programme. The ensuing, planned cluster randomised trial in 560,000 adults was never carried out due to lack of funding. At the time of this review, there are no published or unpublished data on our prespecified outcomes available, and no results for mortality outcomes from the pilot study are to be expected.The risk of bias in these studies was high for performance bias (blinding study personnel and participants) and high or unclear for detection bias (blinding of outcome assessment). Risk of bias in the other domains was either unclear or low. We were unable to assess the certainty of the evidence for our primary outcomes as planned due to lack of data. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Adult general population screening for malignant melanoma is not supported or refuted by current evidence from RCTs. It therefore does not fulfil accepted criteria for implementation of population screening programmes. This review did not investigate the effects of screening people with a history of malignant melanoma or in people with a genetic disposition for malignant melanoma (e.g. familial atypical mole and melanoma syndrome). To determine the benefits and harms of screening for malignant melanoma, a rigorously conducted randomised trial is needed, which assesses overall mortality, overdiagnosis, psychosocial consequences, and resource use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Brodersen
- University of CopenhagenThe Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Health and SocietyCopenhagenDenmark
- University of CopenhagenThe Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Health and SocietyCopenhagenDenmark
- Zealand RegionPrimary Healthcare Research UnitCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Peter C Gøtzsche
- RigshospitaletNordic Cochrane CentreBlegdamsvej 9, 7811CopenhagenDenmarkDK‐2100
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Mahbod A, Schaefer G, Ellinger I, Ecker R, Pitiot A, Wang C. Fusing fine-tuned deep features for skin lesion classification. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2019; 71:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Okhovat JP, Beaulieu D, Tsao H, Halpern AC, Michaud DS, Shaykevich S, Geller AC. The first 30 years of the American Academy of Dermatology skin cancer screening program: 1985-2014. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79:884-891.e3. [PMID: 30057360 PMCID: PMC6454210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.05.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of melanoma is rising faster than that of any other preventable cancer in the United States. The American Academy of Dermatology has sponsored free skin cancer education and screenings conducted by volunteer dermatologists in the United States since 1985. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the American Academy of Dermatology's national skin cancer screening program from 1986 to 2014 by analyzing the risk factor profile, access to dermatologic services, and examination results. METHODS We conducted several detailed statistical analyses of the screening population. RESULTS From 1986 to 2014, records were available for 2,046,531 screenings, 1,963,141 (96%) of which were subjected to detailed analysis. Men comprised 38% of all participants. The number of annual screenings reached approximately 100,000 in 1990 and remained relatively stable thereafter. From 1991 to 2014 (data for 1995, 1996 and 2000 were unavailable), clinical diagnoses were rendered for 20,628 melanomas, 156,087 dysplastic nevi, 32,893 squamous cell carcinomas, and 129,848 basal cell carcinomas. Only 21% of screenees had a regular dermatologist. Those with a clinical diagnosis of skin cancer were more likely than the general screening population to be uninsured. LIMITATIONS Inability to verify clinical diagnoses histopathologically. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the SPOTme program has detected thousands of skin cancers that may have gone undetected or experienced a delay in detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Phillip Okhovat
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Derek Beaulieu
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allan C Halpern
- Dermatology Service of the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shimon Shaykevich
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan C Geller
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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22
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Giglio P, Gagliardi M, Tumino N, Antunes F, Smaili S, Cotella D, Santoro C, Bernardini R, Mattei M, Piacentini M, Corazzari M. PKR and GCN2 stress kinases promote an ER stress-independent eIF2α phosphorylation responsible for calreticulin exposure in melanoma cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1466765. [PMID: 30221067 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1466765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenic cell death (ICD) process represents a novel therapeutic approach to treat tumours, in which cytotoxic compounds promote both cancer cell death and the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying cells, to activate the immune system against the malignancy. Therefore, we explored the possibility to stimulate the key molecular players with a pivotal role in the execution of the ICD program in melanoma cells. To this aim, we used the pro-ICD agents mitoxantrone and doxorubicin and found that both agents could induce cell death and stimulate the release/exposure of the strictly required DAMPs in melanoma cells: i) calreticulin (CRT) exposure on the cell membrane; ii) ATP secretion; iii) type I IFNs gene up-regulation and iv) HMGB1 secretion, highlighting no interference by oncogenic BRAF. Importantly, although the ER stress-related PERK activation has been linked to CRT externalization, through the phosphorylation of eIF2α, we found that this stress pathway together with PERK were not involved in melanoma cells. Notably, we identified PKR and GCN2 as key mediators of eIF2α phosphorylation, facilitating the translocation of CTR on melanoma cells surface, under pro-ICD drugs stimulation. Therefore, our data indicate that pro-ICD drugs are able to stimulate the production/release of DAMPs in melanoma cells at least in vitro, indicating in this approach a potential new valuable therapeutic strategy to treat human skin melanoma malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Giglio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Gagliardi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Department of Health Science (DISS), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraya Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Cotella
- Department of Health Science (DISS), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Science (DISS), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Biology, Centro Servizi Interdipartimentale-STA, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Department of Biology, Centro Servizi Interdipartimentale-STA, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy.,Department of Health Science (DISS), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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23
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Bell K, Cust A. Beyond country-specific incidence and mortality: the global burden of melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:315-316. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.J.L. Bell
- School of Public Health; The University of Sydney; Rm 333, Edward Ford Building A27 Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - A.E. Cust
- School of Public Health; The University of Sydney; Rm 333, Edward Ford Building A27 Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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24
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Wojcik KY, Escobedo LA, Miller KA, Hawkins M, Ahadiat O, Higgins S, Wysong A, Cockburn M. Conflicts and Contradictions in Current Skin Cancer Screening Guidelines. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 6:316-324. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-017-0205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Cassidy PB, Liu T, Florell SR, Honeggar M, Leachman SA, Boucher KM, Grossman D. A Phase II Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral N-acetylcysteine for Protection of Melanocytic Nevi against UV-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 10:36-44. [PMID: 27920018 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in UV-induced melanoma, which may arise from melanocytic nevi. We investigated whether oral administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could protect nevi from oxidative stress in vivo in the setting of acute UV exposure. The minimal erythemal dose (MED) was determined for 100 patients at increased risk for melanoma. Patients were randomized to receive a single dose (1,200 mg) of NAC or placebo, in double-blind fashion, and then one nevus was irradiated (1-2 MED) using a solar simulator. One day later, the MED was redetermined and the irradiated nevus and a control unirradiated nevus were removed for histologic analysis and examination of biomarkers of NAC metabolism and UV-induced oxidative stress. Increased expression of 8-oxoguanine, thioredoxin reductase-1, and γ-glutamylcysteine synthase modifier subunit were consistently seen in UV-treated compared with unirradiated nevi. However, no significant differences were observed in these UV-induced changes or in the pre- and postintervention MED between those patients receiving NAC versus placebo. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in UV-induced changes between subjects with germline wild-type versus loss-of-function mutations in the melanocortin-1 receptor. Nevi showed similar changes of UV-induced oxidative stress in an open-label post-trial study in 10 patients who received NAC 3 hours before nevus irradiation. Thus, a single oral dose of NAC did not effectively protect nevi from UV-induced oxidative stress under the conditions examined. Cancer Prev Res; 10(1); 36-44. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela B Cassidy
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon. .,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tong Liu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Scott R Florell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew Honeggar
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kenneth M Boucher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. .,Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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26
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Rayess HM, Gupta A, Svider PF, Raza SN, Shkoukani M, Zuliani GF, Carron MA. A critical analysis of melanoma malpractice litigation: Should we biopsy everything? Laryngoscope 2016; 127:134-139. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani M. Rayess
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
| | - Amar Gupta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
| | - Peter F. Svider
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
| | - S. Naweed Raza
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
| | - Mahdi Shkoukani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
- Section of Otolaryngology; Department of Surgery, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
| | - Giancarlo F. Zuliani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
- Section of Otolaryngology; Department of Surgery, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
| | - Michael A. Carron
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
- Section of Otolaryngology; Department of Surgery, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center; Detroit Michigan U.S.A
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