1
|
Koskinas KC, Windecker S, Buhayer A, Gencer B, Pedrazzini G, Mueller C, Cook S, Muller O, Matter CM, Räber L, Heg D, Mach F. Design of the randomized, placebo-controlled evolocumab for early reduction of LDL-cholesterol levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes (EVOPACS) trial. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:1513-1520. [PMID: 30421481 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and improve clinical outcomes in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) often do not achieve LDL-C targets despite potent statin treatment, and have a particularly high risk of early recurrent events. Evolocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type (PCSK9)-inhibitor resulting in rapid, marked LDL-C reduction, has been studied in hypercholesterolemic subjects without CVD and stabilized patients with CVD; the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of this treatment initiated in the acute phase of ACS remain unknown. We report the design of evolocumab for early reduction of LDL-cholesterol levels in patients with ACS (EVOPACS), a phase-3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the feasibility, safety, and LDL-C-lowering efficacy of evolocumab on top of atorvastatin 40 mg in patients with ACS. The primary endpoint is percent change in LDL-C from baseline to 8 weeks. Secondary endpoints are adverse events and serious adverse events. Against a background of beneficial cardiovascular effects of statins beyond LDL-C lowering and in view of preclinical evidence of similar effects of PCSK9 inhibition, the study will also address a variety of exploratory endpoints including the change in C-reactive protein and other inflammatory biomarkers; platelet reactivity; and occurrence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury and myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. An intracoronary imaging sub-study will investigate the change from baseline in the lipid core burden index in non-culprit lesions, as assessed by serial near-infrared spectroscopy. Recruitment began in January 2018 and enrollment of 308 patients is planned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Baris Gencer
- Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Cook
- Department of Cardiology, Fribourg Hospital and University, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dik Heg
- CTU Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - François Mach
- Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen S, Ye ZQ, Li ZW, Zhao CX, Chen GJ, Zhou JZ, Wang C, Huang RL, Hong YD. Wenyang Huoxue Jiedu formula inhibits thin-cap fibroatheroma plaque formation via the VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:213-221. [PMID: 29551453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For many years, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine has been successfully using the empirical Wenyang Huoxue Jiedu formula (WHJF) to treat coronary heart disease. Modern theories of acute coronary syndrome mainly focus on rupture of thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFAs), which is closely related to the release of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor (VEGF/VEGFR). AIM OF STUDY We investigated the effects of WHJF on the formation of TCFA plaques and the potential mechanism (VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathway). MATERIALS AND METHODS For the in vivo experiments, WHJF was administered to ApoE-/- mice, as a model of TCFA plaque formation. Aortic sections of the mice were obtained, and the vulnerability index and new vessel density of plaques were calculated by the Movat staining assay and immunohistochemistry kit, respectively. Protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGF/VEGFR in aortas were assayed by capillary electrophoresis immunoassay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. In vitro, WHJF serum was produced in rats on the fourth day 2 h after the first administration of different concentrations of WHJF. Proliferation, migration, and lumen formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with sera from these rats were assayed by the CKK-8 kit, Transwell plates, and Matrigel assay, respectively. Protein and mRNA expression levels of signaling molecules in the VEGF/VEGFR pathways were also examined. RESULTS In vivo, the vulnerability index and new vessel density of plaques in the WHJF group were lower than those values in the blank control group (P < 0.05). No differences were found between the groups in the expression levels of VEGF/VEGFR (P > 0.05). In vitro, the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs in the high-dose WHJF group were reduced compared to the control group (P < 0.05). This finding was in agreement with the downregulation of VEGFR-2 and pERK (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of signaling molecules showed no difference between the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS WHJF inhibits TCFA formation by influencing the VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathway.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, China
| | - Zi-Qing Ye
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Li
- Baoan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Zhao
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608076, Japan
| | - Guang-Jin Chen
- Yang Jiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangjiang, Guangdong 529500, China
| | - Jun-Zhuo Zhou
- Kai Ping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaiping, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529300, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Rui-Li Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yong-Dun Hong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Lin YL, Diao SL, Ma BX, Liu XL. Does short preoperative statin therapy prevent infectious complications in adults undergoing cardiac or non-cardiac surgery? A meta-analysis of 5 randomized placebo-controlled trials. Saudi Med J 2017; 37:492-7. [PMID: 27146610 PMCID: PMC4880647 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.5.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of preoperative statin therapy on the incidence of postoperative infection. Methods: This systematic review of the literature was carried out in August 2015. Studies were retrieved via PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (1980 to 2015), and the reference files were limited to English-language articles. We used a standardized protocol, and a meta-analysis was performed for data abstraction. Results: Five studies comprising 1,362 patients qualified for the analysis. The incidence of postoperative infections in the statin group (1.1%) was not significantly lower than that in the placebo group (2.4%), with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-1.33, p=0.19). Patients of 3 studies underwent cardiac surgery. The aggregated results of these studies failed to show significant differences in postoperative infection when a fixed effects model was used (RR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.08-1.97, p=0.26]. Conclusions: We failed to find sufficient evidence to support the association between statin use and postoperative infectious complications. The absence of any evidence for a beneficial effect in available randomized trials reduces the likelihood of a causal effect as reported in observational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China. E-mail.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Claessen BE, Henriques JP. Vasoactive and Antiarrhythmic Drugs During PCI. Interv Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118983652.ch44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen
- Department of Cardiology; Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - José P.S. Henriques
- Department of Cardiology; Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Platelet-larger cell ratio and the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary revascularization. Heart Vessels 2013; 30:20-7. [PMID: 24297745 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-013-0449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) represents a frequent complication in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization. Despite great attention focused on pharmacological prevention of periprocedural damage, very little is known about using biomarkers to potentially predict the risk of PMI. Larger platelets have been associated with enhanced reactivity, increased cardiovascular risk, and higher rates of complications after coronary stenting. The platelet-larger cell ratio (P-LCR) identifies the largest-sized fraction of platelets, the proportion potentially more closely related to thrombotic events. The present study evaluated the relationship between P-LCR and PMI. We included 1,285 patients undergoing PCI. Myonecrosis biomarkers were dosed at intervals from 6 to 48 h after PCI. Periprocedural myonecrosis was defined as troponin I increase by three times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or by 50 % of an elevated baseline value, whereas PMI was defined as an increase in creatine kinase MB by 3 × ULN or 50 % of baseline. We grouped patients according to tertile values of P-LCR (<27.5; ≥35.1). Higher P-LCR was associated with age (P = 0.01), diabetes (P = 0.001), previous cerebrovascular accidents (P = 0.007), therapy with statins (P < 0.001), angiotensin receptor blockers (P < 0.001), aspirin (P = 0.002), and nitrates (P = 0.01). P-LCR was related to hemoglobin levels (P < 0.001), and inversely related to platelet count (P < 0.001) and glycemia (P = 0.05). Patients with higher P-LCR had a lower presence of coronary thrombus (P = 0.003). Higher P-LCR values did not increase the risk of PMI (P = 0.10; adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95 % confidence interval (CI)) = 0.97 (0.69-1.38)), P = 0.89) or periprocedural myonecrosis (P = 0.96; adjusted OR (95 % CI) = 1.003 (0.76-1.32), P = 0.99). Results were confirmed even in higher-risk subgroups of patients. P-LCR does not increase the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction and myonecrosis in patients undergoing coronary stenting.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jang Y, Zhu J, Ge J, Kim YJ, Ji C, Lam W. Preloading with atorvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention in statin-naïve Asian patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: A randomized study. J Cardiol 2013; 63:335-43. [PMID: 24216317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on atorvastatin pretreatment in Asian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are limited. However, there have been studies in other populations in Asia which demonstrated that statins can reduce the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS Statin-naïve patients with non-ST-segment-elevation (NSTE)-ACS scheduled for PCI were randomized to usual care or atorvastatin preloading groups. All patients received usual care including atorvastatin 40 mg/day. The atorvastatin group received atorvastatin 80 mg 12 h and 40 mg 2 h pre-PCI. Of 499 patients randomized, 247 were assigned to atorvastatin preloading. Following coronary angiography, 335 patients (163 atorvastatin) received PCI. During the 30 days post-PCI, major adverse cardiac events (death, MI, and target vessel revascularization) occurred in 24 (15%) atorvastatin and 27 (16%) usual care patients (p=NS). Post hoc analyses showed that at 8 h post-PCI, 3.82% of the atorvastatin group and 7.22% of the usual care group had a post-procedural creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) above 3 times the upper limit of normal (p=0.27) and at 24 h post-PCI, the rate was 7.64% versus 9.47% (p=1.0). Safety profile suggests that high-dose atorvastatin (40 mg) for up to 1 month, in conjunction with usual care, is relatively safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS This study of statin-naïve Korean and Chinese patients with NSTE-ACS who received additional atorvastatin loading doses of 80 mg at 12 h, and 40 mg at 2 h, pre-PCI did not find a beneficial effect compared with usual post-PCI atorvastatin 40 mg/day treatment. Atorvastatin was found to be well tolerated in Asian patients with NSTE-ACS undergoing PCI. Results of the current study merit further investigation of the early use of statins in patients with NSTE-ACS to delineate patient subgroups who may benefit from this therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangsoo Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junren Zhu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Young-Jo Kim
- Department of Intervention, Division of Cardiology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Nam-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chen Ji
- Pfizer Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Claessen BE, Henriques JPS. Vasoactive and Antiarrhythmic Drugs During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Interv Cardiol Clin 2013; 2:665-670. [PMID: 28582192 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is to treat flow-limiting atherothrombotic coronary plaques mechanically. Many types of antithrombotic drugs are used to prevent ischemic complications during manipulation of catheters, guidewires, balloons, and stents in coronary arteries while minimizing the risk of bleeding. However, many other types of pharmacologic agents are also used to facilitate PCI. This review focuses on the most commonly used adjunct drugs during PCI. In addition, a recommendation of which drugs should be stopped or interrupted in patients undergoing PCI is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bimmer E Claessen
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - José P S Henriques
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tao J, Yan C, Tian X, Liu S, Li Y, Zhang J, Sun M, Ma X, Han Y. CREG promotes the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through the ERK/cyclin E signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18437-56. [PMID: 24018888 PMCID: PMC3794788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a recently discovered secreted glycoprotein involved in homeostatic modulation. We previously reported that CREG is abundantly expressed in the adult vascular endothelium and dramatically downregulated in atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, CREG participates in the regulation of apoptosis, inflammation and wound healing of vascular endothelial cells. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of CREG on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms. Overexpression of CREG in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was obtained by infection with adenovirus carrying CREG. HUVEC proliferation was investigated by flow cytometry and 5-bromo-2′-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) incorporation assays. The expressions of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases and signaling molecules were also examined. In CREG-overexpressing cells, we observed a marked increase in the proportion of the S and G2 population and a decrease in the G0/G1 phase population. The number of BrdU positively-stained cells also increased, obviously. Furthermore, silencing of CREG expression by specific short hairpin RNA effectively inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). CREG overexpression induced the expression of cyclin E in both protein and mRNA levels to regulate cell cycle progression. Further investigation using inhibitor blocking analysis identified that ERK activation mediated the CREG modulation of the proliferation and cyclin E expression in HUVEC. In addition, blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CREG-overexpressed HUVEC and supplementation of VEGF in CREG knocked-down HUVEC identified that the pro-proliferative effect of CREG was partially mediated by VEGF-induced ERK/cyclin E activation. These results suggest a novel role of CREG to promote HUVEC proliferation through the ERK/cyclin E signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tao
- Graduate School of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; E-Mail:
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Key laboratory of Cardiology, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang 110840, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.); (X.T.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Key laboratory of Cardiology, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang 110840, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.); (X.T.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Shaowei Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Key laboratory of Cardiology, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang 110840, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.); (X.T.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Yang Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Key laboratory of Cardiology, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang 110840, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.); (X.T.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Key laboratory of Cardiology, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang 110840, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.); (X.T.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Key laboratory of Cardiology, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang 110840, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.); (X.T.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Key laboratory of Cardiology, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang 110840, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.); (X.T.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-24-2305-6123; Fax: +86-24-2392-2184
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Statin Loading Before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Reduce Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction. Cardiol Rev 2012; 20:319-24. [DOI: 10.1097/crd.0b013e31826db7ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Prabhakar SK, Abbott JD. Factors influencing the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in the stent era. Interv Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.12.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
11
|
Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 79:453-95. [PMID: 22328235 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
12
|
Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Executive Summary. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
13
|
Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Circulation 2011; 124:2574-609. [PMID: 22064598 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31823a5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:e44-122. [PMID: 22070834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1724] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
15
|
Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH, Ting HH. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Circulation 2011; 124:e574-651. [PMID: 22064601 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31823ba622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 901] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
16
|
Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH, Jacobs AK, Anderson JL, Albert N, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Guyton RA, Halperin JL, Hochman JS, Kushner FG, Ohman EM, Stevenson W, Yancy CW. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 82:E266-355. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Ko DT, Wijeysundera HC, Yun L, Austin PC, Cantor WJ, Tu JV. Effectiveness of Preprocedural Statin Therapy on Clinical Outcomes for Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2011; 4:459-66. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.111.960740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Data have shown that preprocedural statin therapy reduces periprocedural myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, whether preprocedural statins improve clinical outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been established. We aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of preprocedural statin therapy in patients with stable CAD undergoing PCI.
Methods and Results—
We conducted an observational study of 12 980 patients, age >65 years with stable CAD, who underwent PCI from December 1, 2003, to March 31, 2008. Using propensity score–matching analysis, 3098 unique matched pairs (6196 patients) who had similar likelihood of receiving preprocedural statins were identified. Additional analyses adjusting for postprocedural statins as a time-varying variable were performed. The main outcome measure was a composite of death or recurrent acute coronary syndrome. In the propensity-matched cohort, at 90 days, the primary outcome of death and acute coronary syndrome occurred in 5.6% in the preprocedural statin group as compared with 7.4% in the no-pretreatment group (
P
=0.005). Improved clinical outcomes associated with preprocedural statins were still observed at 2 years (16.7% versus 19.3%,
P
=0.007). The effectiveness of preprocedural statins was most pronounced at 90 days after PCI (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.98) but was no longer significant at 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.07) after accounting for postprocedural statin therapy.
Conclusions—
Preprocedural statin therapy was associated with significant reduction in the risk of death or recurrent acute coronary syndrome in stable CAD patients after PCI. These findings support the routine use of preprocedural statins for suitable candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis T. Ko
- From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., L.Y., P.C.A., J.V.T.); Schulich Heart Centre, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., J.V.T.); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., W.J.C., J.V.T.); and Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada (W.J.C.)
| | - Harindra C. Wijeysundera
- From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., L.Y., P.C.A., J.V.T.); Schulich Heart Centre, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., J.V.T.); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., W.J.C., J.V.T.); and Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada (W.J.C.)
| | - Lingsong Yun
- From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., L.Y., P.C.A., J.V.T.); Schulich Heart Centre, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., J.V.T.); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., W.J.C., J.V.T.); and Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada (W.J.C.)
| | - Peter C. Austin
- From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., L.Y., P.C.A., J.V.T.); Schulich Heart Centre, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., J.V.T.); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., W.J.C., J.V.T.); and Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada (W.J.C.)
| | - Warren J. Cantor
- From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., L.Y., P.C.A., J.V.T.); Schulich Heart Centre, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., J.V.T.); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., W.J.C., J.V.T.); and Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada (W.J.C.)
| | - Jack V. Tu
- From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., L.Y., P.C.A., J.V.T.); Schulich Heart Centre, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., J.V.T.); the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.T.K., H.C.W., W.J.C., J.V.T.); and Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada (W.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Veselka J, Zemánek D, Hájek P, Malý M, Adlová R, Martinkovičová L, Tomašov P, Tesař D. Effect of two-day atorvastatin pretreatment on long-term outcome of patients with stable angina pectoris undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2011; 107:1295-9. [PMID: 21349484 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several randomized studies and meta-analyses have suggested that pretreatment with statins may decrease periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The purpose of this randomized study was to investigate the effect of a 2-day atorvastatin therapy before PCI on long-term clinical outcome. Two hundred statin-naive patients with stable angina pectoris referred for PCI were enrolled and randomized (ratio 1:1) to 2-day pretreatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/day and subsequent PCI (atorvastatin group), or immediate PCI (control group). The registry group comprised 182 consecutive patients on long-term statin therapy referred for immediate PCI during the same period as randomized patients. We compared the first occurrence of MI or death during long-term follow-up. There were no significant differences in most clinical characteristics and early results among the 3 groups. Median follow-up was 45 months (1 to 59). Incidences of death/MI were 11.4%, 12.9%, and 13.8% in the atorvastatin, control, and registry groups, respectively. In the same groups, age-adjusted estimated 4-year freedom from death/MI was 0.78 versus 0.75 versus 0.80, respectively (p=0.882, log-rank test). In multivariate analysis, only age of patients (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.07, p<0.001) was identified as a significant predictor of death or MI during follow-up. In conclusion, these results suggest that 2-day therapy with high-dose atorvastatin before PCI did not influence occurrence of periprocedural MI or long-term clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Patti G, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, Mega S, Pasceri V, Briguori C, Colombo A, Yun KH, Jeong MH, Kim JS, Choi D, Bozbas H, Kinoshita M, Fukuda K, Jia XW, Hara H, Cay S, Di Sciascio G. Clinical benefit of statin pretreatment in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a collaborative patient-level meta-analysis of 13 randomized studies. Circulation 2011; 123:1622-32. [PMID: 21464051 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that statin pretreatment reduces cardiac events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, most data were observational, and single randomized trials included limited numbers of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a collaborative meta-analysis using individual patient data from 13 randomized studies in which 3341 patients received either high-dose statin (n=1692) or no statin/low-dose statin (n=1649) before percutaneous coronary intervention, with all patients receiving statin therapy after intervention. Occurrence of periprocedural myocardial infarction, defined as postintervention creatine kinase-MB increase ≥3 times the upper limit of normal, and 30-day major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, target-vessel revascularization) was evaluated. Incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction was 7.0% in the high-dose statin versus 11.9% in the control group, which corresponds to a 44% risk reduction in the active-treatment arm (odds ratio by fixed-effects model 0.56, 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.71, P<0.00001). The rate of major adverse cardiac events at 30 days was significantly lower in the high-dose statin group (7.4% versus 12.6%, a 44% risk reduction; P<0.00001), and 1-month major adverse cardiac events, excluding periprocedural events, were also reduced (0.6% versus 1.4%; P=0.05). The benefit of high-dose statins was realized irrespective of clinical presentation (P for interaction=0.43) and was maintained across various subgroups but appeared greater in the subgroup with elevated baseline C-reactive protein levels (n=734; 68% risk reduction for periprocedural myocardial infarction versus 31% in those 1861 patients with normal CRP; P for quantitative interaction=0.025). CONCLUSIONS High-dose statin pretreatment leads to a significant reduction in periprocedural myocardial infarction and 30-day adverse events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. This strategy should be considered in all patients with planned percutaneous coronary intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Patti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu M, Yuan G, Wei F. Effect of atorvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure - insights from randomized clinical trials. Arch Med Sci 2010; 6:866-73. [PMID: 22427759 PMCID: PMC3302697 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2010.19293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent large clinical trials have yielded disappointing results of rosuvastatin in the chronic heart failure (CHF) population. The question that remains is whether these results of rosuvastatin studies could be extended to other statins. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis based on all currently available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the clinical efficacy of atorvastatin in CHF patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The published literature was scanned by formal searches of electronic databases up to January 2010. RCTs were eligible for inclusion if they compared atorvastatin versus placebo treatment in patients with CHF and reported the clinical outcomes. RESULTS Pre-specified criteria were met by 7 trials involving 540 patients. The primary endpoint, all-cause mortality, was significantly reduced with atorvastatin therapy compared with placebo in CHF patients (odds ratio [OR] 0.39, P = 0.002), with similar results in cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.28, P = 0.002) and sudden cardiac death (OR 0.24, P = 0.01). There was also a significant decrease in hospitalization for worsening CHF with atorvastatin therapy compared with placebo (OR 0.30, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests the effectiveness of atorvastatin treatment in reducing the risks of all-cause mortality and worsening CHF hospitalization in patients with CHF. Further large, well-conducted randomized trials are needed to confirm the benefits of atorvastatin or other statins for CHF relative to placebo or rosuvastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aldridge ME, Elsayed SS, Somma K, Chana A, Shavelle DM, Matthews RV. Research Highlights. Interv Cardiol 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.10.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|