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Cai W, Pierzynowska K, Stiernborg M, Xu J, Nilsson IA, Svensson U, Melas PA, Lavebratt C. Multispecies synbiotics alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis: Effects on clinical scores, intestinal pathology, and plasma biomarkers in male and female mice. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:74-83. [PMID: 38923468 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and has been linked to an imbalance in gut bacteria. Synbiotics, which combine probiotics and prebiotics, are emerging as potential IBD treatments. AIM To examine the effects of four synbiotic formulations on intestinal inflammation and peripheral biomarkers in a rodent IBD model of both sexes. METHODS Colitis was induced in male and female C57BL/6 mice using 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Concurrently, a non-exposed control group was maintained. Starting on day 4 post-induction, DSS-exposed mice received one of four synbiotic preparations (Synbio1-4 composed of lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium and dietary fibres), an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat IBD (mesalazine), or placebo (water) until day 14. Clinical symptoms and body weight were monitored daily. Blood samples (taken on days -3, 4, and 14, relative to DSS introduction), were used to analyze plasma biomarkers. At the end of the study, intestinal tissues underwent histological and morphological evaluation. RESULTS Compared to placebo, the Synbio1-, 2- and 3-treated groups had improved clinical scores by day 14. Synbio1 was the only preparation that led to clinical improvements to scores comparable to those of controls. The Synbio1-and 3-treated groups also demonstrated histological improvements in the colon. Plasma biomarker analyses revealed significant Synbio1-induced changes in plasma IL17A, VEGFD, and TNFRSF11B levels that correlated with improved clinical or histological scores. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that most therapeutic-like effects were more pronounced in females. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of specific synbiotics for IBD management. However, further research is needed to validate these outcomes in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Cai
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Miranda Stiernborg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Ak Nilsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Philippe A Melas
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhang L, Kang Y, Chen S, Wang L, Jiang M, Xiang L. Circulating CCL20: A potential biomarker for active vitiligo together with the number of Th1/17 cells. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 93:92-100. [PMID: 30655106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease with varying pathological features. Activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, whether CCL20-CCR6 and Th1/17 cells are indicative of active vitiligo is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential role of CCL20 and the involvement of Th1/17 and Tc1/17 cells in the mechanism in vitiligo. METHODS One hundred patients with vitiligo, and 20 healthy controls were included. The serum and blister fluid IL-17, IFN-γ, CCL20, and CXCL10 were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The numbers of Th1/17 cells and Tc1/17 cells in circulation were quantified using flow cytometry. CCR6 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the protein level was confirmed by western blotting. CCR6 and CCL20 expression in lesions was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The serum CCL20 level was significantly elevated in patients with vitiligo. The level of serum CCL20 was higher in active than in the stable stage, which correlated positively with the Vitiligo European Task Force spreading score and the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index score. Patients with active vitiligo had elevated numbers of circulating Th1/17 cells and Tc1/17 cells, and upregulated expression of CCR6 in PBMCs and lesions. After effective treatment, the level of CCL20 in sera and blister fluid was significantly decreased, as were the numbers of circulating Th1/17 cells and Tc1/17 cells. CONCLUSION CCL20 might be a vital biomarker of active vitiligo, and circulating Th1/17 and Tc1/17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Yuli Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Shujun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
| | - Leihong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
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Skovdahl HK, Damås JK, Granlund AVB, Østvik AE, Doseth B, Bruland T, Mollnes TE, Sandvik AK. C-C Motif Ligand 20 (CCL20) and C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 6 (CCR6) in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Dysregulated in Ulcerative Colitis and a Potential Role for CCL20 in IL-1β Release. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103257. [PMID: 30347808 PMCID: PMC6214005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20) is increased in the colonic mucosa during active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can be found both in the epithelium and immune cells in the lamina propria. The present study investigated CCL20 and C-C motif Chemokine Receptor 6 (CCR6) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (n = 40) from IBD patients and healthy controls, to identify inductors of CCL20 release encountered in a local proinflammatory environment. CCL20 release from PBMCs was increased when activating TLR2/1 or NOD2, suggesting that CCL20 is part of a first line response to danger-associated molecular patterns also in immune cells. Overall, ulcerative colitis (UC) had a significantly stronger CCL20 release than Crohn’s disease (CD) (+242%, p < 0.01), indicating that the CCL20-CCR6 axis may be more involved in UC. The CCL20 receptor CCR6 is essential for the chemotactic function of CCL20. UC with active inflammation had significantly decreased CCR6 expression and a reduction in CCR6+ cells in circulation, indicating chemoattraction of CCR6+ cells from circulation towards peripheral tissues. We further examined CCL20 induced release of cytokines from PBMCs. Stimulation with CCL20 combined with TNF increased IL-1β release from PBMCs. By attracting additional immune cells, as well as inducing proinflammatory IL-1β release from immune cells, CCL20 may protract the inflammatory response in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kolstad Skovdahl
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Atle van Beelen Granlund
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ann Elisabet Østvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Berit Doseth
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
- Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8005 Bodo, Norway.
- K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
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Spagnuolo R, Dattilo V, D'Antona L, Cosco C, Tallerico R, Ventura V, Conforti F, Camastra C, Mancina RM, Catalogna G, Cosco V, Iuliano R, Carbone E, Perrotti N, Amato R, Doldo P. Deregulation of SGK1 in Ulcerative Colitis: A Paradoxical Relationship Between Immune Cells and Colonic Epithelial Cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1967-1977. [PMID: 29788407 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is due to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that trigger an unbalanced immune response ultimately resulting in the peculiar inflammatory reaction. Experimental models of IBD point to a role of T-cell-derived cytokines (Th17) and to SGK1 as mediator of the Th17 switch. We hypothesize that SGK1, a salt inducible kinase, directs lymphocytic behavior and tissue damage. METHODS Eleven controls and 32 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients were randomized according to endoscopic Mayo score. Mucosal biopsies from different intestinal tracts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to check the expression of disease markers including SGK1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients and controls were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Finally, an in vitro cell model was developed to test the hypothesis. RESULTS SGK1 mRNA and protein expression in lesional areas of UC patients were lower than in normal peri-lesional areas of the same patients and in normal tissues of healthy controls. SGK1 expression was increased in PBMCs from UC patients, particularly in the CD4+ cell population, enriched in Th17 cells. IL17/IL13 was increased in patients and correlated with SGK1 expression. Genetically engineered Jurkat cells confirmed the effect of SGK1 overexpression on viability of RKO cells. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest a pathogenic mechanism whereby SGK1 overexpression in CD4+ T cells induces the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL17 and IL13, which downregulate the expression of SGK1 in target tissues. Our data suggest a novel hypothesis in the pathogenesis of UC, integrating colonic epithelial cells and lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Spagnuolo
- Departments of "Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Lucia D'Antona
- Departments of "Scienze della Salute,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Cosco
- Departments of "Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rossana Tallerico
- Departments of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica," University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventura
- Departments of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica," University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosellina M Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Vincenzo Cosco
- Departments of "Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Carbone
- Departments of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica," University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Microbiology Cell and Tumor Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rosario Amato
- Departments of "Scienze della Salute,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Doldo
- Departments of "Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche,", Catanzaro, Italy
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Rosenthal DW, DeVoti JA, Steinberg BM, Abramson AL, Bonagura VR. T(H)2-like chemokine patterns correlate with disease severity in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Mol Med 2012; 18:1338-45. [PMID: 23019074 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), characterized by the recurrent growth of benign tumors of the respiratory tract, is caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), predominantly types 6 and 11. Surgical removal of these lesions can be required as frequently as every 3 to 4 wks to maintain a patent airway. There is no approved medical treatment for this disease. In this study, we have characterized the T(H)2-like chemokine profile (CCL17, CCL18, CCL20, CCL22) in patients with RRP and asked whether it was modulated in patients who had achieved significant clinical improvement. CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were increased in papillomas compared with clinically normal laryngeal epithelium of the RRP patients. Overall, CCL20 mRNA expression was not increased, but there was intense, selective CCL20 protein expression in the basal layer of the papillomas. Patients with RRP expressed more CCL17 (p = 0.003), CCL18 (p = 0.0003), and CCL22 (p = 0.007) in their plasma than controls. Plasma CCL18 decreased over time in three patients enrolled in a pilot clinical trial of celecoxib, and the decrease occurred in conjunction with clinical improvement. There was a significant correlation between sustained clinical remission in additional patients with RRP and reduced levels of CCL17 (p = 0.01), CCL22 (p = 0.002) and CCL18 (p = 0.05). Thus, the change in expression of these three plasma T(H)2-like chemokines may, with future studies, prove to serve as a useful biomarker for predicting disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Rosenthal
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, USA
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ZHANG HAIFENG, ZHONG WANE, ZHOU GUOXIONG, DING XIAOLING, CHEN HAIQING. Expression of chemokine CCL20 in ulcerative colitis. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1255-60. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Mesko B, Poliska S, Nagy L. Gene expression profiles in peripheral blood for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:223-33. [PMID: 21388884 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling in clinical genomics has yet to deliver robust and reliable approaches for developing diagnostics and contributing to personalized medicine. Owing to technological developments and the recent accumulation of expression profiles, it is a timely and relevant question whether peripheral blood gene expression profiling can be used routinely in clinical decision making. Here, we review the available gene expression profiling data of peripheral blood in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases and suggest that peripheral blood mononuclear cells are suitable for descriptive and comparative gene expression analyses. A gene-disease interaction network in chronic inflammatory diseases, a general protocol for future studies and a decision tree for researchers are presented to facilitate standardization and adoption of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertalan Mesko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Mediicne, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Rittenhouse-Olson K. Letter from the Editor. Immunol Invest 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/08820131003723102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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