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Ali SA, Singh G, Datusalia AK. Potential therapeutic applications of phytoconstituents as immunomodulators: Pre-clinical and clinical evidences. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3702-3731. [PMID: 33734511 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune and infectious diseases are the major public health issues and have gained great attention in the last few years for the search of new agents with therapeutic benefits on the host immune functions. In recent years, natural products (NPs) have been studied broadly for their multi-targeted activities under pathological conditions. Interestingly, several attempts have been made to outline the immunomodulatory properties of NPs. Research on in-vitro and in-vivo models have shown the immunomodulatory activity of NPs, is due to their antiinflammatory property, induction of phagocytosis and immune cells stimulation activity. Moreover, studies on humans have suggested that phytomedicines reduce inflammation and could provide appropriate benefits either in single form or complex combinations with other agents preventing disease progression, subsequently enhancing the efficacy of treatment to combat multiple malignancies. However, the exact mechanism of immunomodulation is far from clear, warranting more detailed investigations on their effectiveness. Nevertheless, the reduction of inflammatory cascades is considered as a prime protective mechanism in a number of inflammation regulated autoimmune diseases. Altogether, this review will discuss the biological activities of plant-derived secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides and so forth, against various diseases and their potential use as an immunomodulatory agent under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Afroz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
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Ghonime M, Emara M, Shawky R, Soliman H, El-Domany R, Abdelaziz A. Immunomodulation of RAW 264.7 murine macrophage functions and antioxidant activities of 11 plant extracts. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:237-52. [PMID: 25564700 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.988720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A group of 11 medicinal plants, including Lavandula pubescens, Trigonella foenugricium, Salsola schweinforthi, Calligonum comosum, Silene succulenta, Silene villosa, Bogonvillea glabra, Cakile maritime, Gomphrene celesoids, Mirabilis jalaba, and Silene nocturna growing in Egypt, were extracted and examined for their immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. RAW 264.7 cells were recruited to investigate the immunomodulatory effect through multiple parameters analysis. First, the proliferation index of macrophages cells was evaluated revealing that Trigonella foenugricium, Silene succulenta and Silene villosa have a significant cytotoxic effect on RAW cells. Interestingly, we observed enhancement of macrophages phagocytic function of by all extracts except Cakile maritime, Gomphrena celosioides and Silene nocturna. Afterwards, macrophages were challenged by incubation with LPS and the effect of various extracts on inflammatory responses was investigated; the generation of NO from activated macrophage was substantially suppressed by 7 extracts namely, Trigonella foenugricium, Calligonum comosum, Silene succulenta, Bougainvillea glabra, Mirabilis jalaba, Gomphrena celosioides and Silene nocturna. TNF-α was decreased by percentage range from 3.8 to 85.8% and Trigonella foenugricium extract showed the highest inhibition of TNF-α release. All extracts except Trigonella foenugricium, Salsola schweinforthi, Silene succulenta and Mirabilis jalaba significantly inhibited COX-2 production from stimulated macrophage. Moreover, evaluating the potential antioxidant activity of these extracts showed that Trigonella foenugricium, Salsola schweinforthi, Calligonum comosum, Bogonvillea glabra and Mirabilis jalaba exhibited some antioxidant activities. Taken together, our results suggest that some of these extracts may have a considerable antinflammatory and antioxidant effects and may be a potential therapeutic choice in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghonime
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Helwan, South Cairo , Egypt
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da Silva BJM, Rodrigues APD, Farias LHS, Hage AAP, Do Nascimento JLM, Silva EO. Physalis angulata induces in vitro differentiation of murine bone marrow cells into macrophages. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:37. [PMID: 25281406 PMCID: PMC4665300 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bone marrow is a hematopoietic tissue that, in the presence of cytokines and growth factors, generates all of the circulating blood cells. These cells are important for protecting the organism against pathogens and for establishing an effective immune response. Previous studies have shown immunomodulatory effects of different products isolated from plant extracts. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of aqueous Physalis angulata (AEPa) extract on the differentiation of bone marrow cells. Results Increased cellular area, higher spreading ability and several cytoplasmatic projections were observed in the treated cells, using optical microscopy, suggesting cell differentiation. Furthermore, AEPa did not promote the proliferation of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, however promotes increased the number of macrophages in the culture. The ultrastructural analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy of treated cells showed spreading ability, high number of cytoplasmatic projections and increase of autophagic vacuoles. Moreover, a high level of LC3b expression by treated cells was detected by flow cytometry, suggesting an autophagic process. Cell surface expression of F4/80 and CD11b also indicated that AEPa may stimulate differentiation of bone marrow cells mainly into macrophages. In addition, AEPa did not differentiate cells into dendritic cells, as assessed by CD11c analysis. Furthermore, no cytotoxic effects were observed in the cells treated with AEPa. Conclusion Results demonstrate that AEPa promotes the differentiation of bone marrow cells, particularly into macrophages and may hold promise as an immunomodulating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno José Martins da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia e Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula D Rodrigues
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Luis Henrique S Farias
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia e Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Anastácia P Hage
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia e Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jose Luiz M Do Nascimento
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Neuroquímica Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Edilene O Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia e Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 660975-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kouakou K, Schepetkin IA, Yapi A, Kirpotina LN, Jutila MA, Quinn MT. Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Alchornea cordifolia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:232-242. [PMID: 23291534 PMCID: PMC3577965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Extracts of leaves from different species of the genus Alchornea have been used for centuries to treat a variety of medicinal problems in tropical Africa. However, little is known about the high-molecular weight active components conferring therapeutic properties to these extracts. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water-soluble polysaccharides from leaves of Alchornea cordifolia were extracted and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose, Diaion HP-20, and size-exclusion chromatography. Molecular weight, sugar analysis, and other physical and chemical characterization of the fractions were performed. Immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharide fractions was evaluated by determining their ability to induce monocyte/macrophage nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production. Activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) was also assessed using a phospho-MAPK array. Activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was measured using an alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay in THP1-Blue monocytic cells. RESULTS Six polysaccharide fractions from Alchornea cordifolia were isolated. Fractions containing type II arabinogalactan had potent immunomodulatory activity. Particularly, the parent fraction AP-AU and its high-molecular weight sub-fraction AP-AU1 (average M(r) was estimated to be 39.5kDa) induced production of NO and cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, -10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human and murine monocyte/macrophages cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, treatment with AP-AU1 induced phosphorylation of Akt2, p38δ/p38γ, p70S6K1, RSK2, and mTOR, as well as stimulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION Our results provide a molecular basis to explain a portion of the beneficial therapeutic properties of water extracts from Alchornea cordifolia leaves in traditional folk medicine of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Kouakou
- Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie et Biologie de la Reproduction, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Pandey VK, Shankar BS, Sainis KB. G1-4 A, an arabinogalactan polysaccharide from Tinospora cordifolia increases dendritic cell immunogenicity in a murine lymphoma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:641-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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