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Elevated soluble CD23 level indicates increased risk of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: evidence from a meta-analysis. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:1317-1325. [PMID: 29750316 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether circulating soluble CD23 (sCD23) was associated with B cells non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL). PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were extensively searched without language restriction. Data was extracted in a standardized data collection sheet after two reviewers scanned studies independently. The association between sCD23 and NHL was indicated as odds ratio (OR) along with its related 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Meta-analysis was conducted via RevMan 5.3. A total of five studies, which included 964 B-NHL patients and 1243 matched controls without B-NHL, among which 257 were HIV-positive donors and 986 were general controls, were included in our study. Meta-analysis revealed a significant association between peripheral sCD23 level and B-NHL in HIV-positive samples (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.25, 2.20; P = 0.0005) as well as the general population (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.71, 3.86; P < 0.00001). Meta-analysis, stratified by sampling time prior to diagnosis, indicated potential HIV-NHL patients are 2.34-folds more likely to have higher blood sCD23 level, although this association is statistically meaningful only during 3-5 years prior to diagnosis (95% CI 1.27, 4.33). Subgroup analysis based on B-NHL type demonstrated a significant association between sCD23 level and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and follicular lymphoma (FL). The findings of our study indicate a positive association of circulating sCD23 level and B-NHL risks and highlight the possibility of sCD23 as a predictive marker of B-NHL. However, to better understand the underlying mechanism, further studies are needed.
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2
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Ren JP, Ying RS, Cheng YQ, Wang L, El Gazzar M, Li GY, Ning SB, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. HCV-induced miR146a controls SOCS1/STAT3 and cytokine expression in monocytes to promote regulatory T-cell development. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:755-66. [PMID: 27004559 PMCID: PMC5028233 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Host innate and adaptive immune responses must be tightly regulated by an intricate balance between positive and negative signals to ensure their appropriate onset and termination while fighting pathogens and avoiding autoimmunity; persistent pathogens may usurp these regulatory machineries to dampen host immune responses for their persistence in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that miR146a is up-regulated in monocytes from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals compared to control subjects. Interestingly, miR146a expression in monocytes without HCV infection increased, whereas its level in monocytes with HCV infection decreased, following Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. This miR146a induction by HCV infection and differential response to TLR stimulation were recapitulated in vitro in monocytes co-cultured with hepatocytes with or without HCV infection. Importantly, inhibition of miR146a in monocytes from HCV-infected patients led to a decrease in IL-23, IL-10 and TGF-β expressions through the induction of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) and the inhibition of signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT3), and this subsequently resulted in a decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs) accumulated during HCV infection. These results suggest that miR146a may regulate SOCS1/STAT3 and cytokine signalling in monocytes, directing T-cell differentiation and balancing immune clearance and immune injury during chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Ren
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - R S Ying
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Number 8 People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Q Cheng
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
- International Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - M El Gazzar
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - G Y Li
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - S B Ning
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - J P Moorman
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Z Q Yao
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, USA.
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3
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Cheng L, Tang X, Liu L, Peng J, Nishiura K, Cheung AKL, Guo J, Wu X, Tang HY, An M, Zhou J, Cheung KW, Wang H, Guan X, Wu Z, Chen Z. Monoclonal antibodies specific to human Δ42PD1: A novel immunoregulator potentially involved in HIV-1 and tumor pathogenesis. MAbs 2016; 7:620-9. [PMID: 25692916 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1016695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the identification of Δ42PD1, a novel alternatively spliced isoform of human PD1 that induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhances HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity in mice when engineered in a fusion DNA vaccine. The detailed functional study of Δ42PD1, however, has been hampered due to the lack of a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). In this study, we generated 2 high-affinity mAbs, clones CH34 (IgG2b) and CH101 (IgG1), from Δ42PD1-immunized mice. They recognize distinct domains of Δ42PD1 as determined by a yeast surface-displaying assay and ELISA. Moreover, they recognize native Δ42PD1 specifically, but not PD1, on cell surfaces by both flow cytometry and immunohistochemical assays. Δ42PD1 appeared to be expressed constitutively on healthy human CD14(+) monocytes, but its level of expression was down-regulated significantly during chronic HIV-1 infection. Since the level of Δ42PD1 expression on CD14(+) monocytes was negatively correlated with the CD4 count of untreated patients in a cross-sectional study, Δ42PD1 may play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. Lastly, when examining Δ42PD1 expression in human esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma tissues, we found high-level expression of Δ42PD1 on a subset of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Our study, therefore, resulted in 2 Δ42PD1-specific mAbs that can be used to further investigate Δ42PD1, a novel immune regulatory protein implicated in HIV-1 and tumor pathogenesis as well as other immune diseases.
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Key Words
- ART, antiretroviral therapy
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ESCC
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FSC, forward scatter
- HIV-1
- HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- OD450nm, optical density at 450nm
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PD1
- PD1, programmed cell death 1
- RT, room temperature
- SSC, side scatter
- h, hour(s)
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- min, minute(s)
- monoclonal antibody
- rpm, revolutions per minute
- sPD1, soluble PD1
- sec, second(s)
- sΔ42PD1, soluble Δ42PD1
- tumor
- Δ42PD1
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- a Center for Public Health Research; Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Nanjing University ; Nanjing , P.R. China
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4
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Vannata B, Arcaini L, Zucca E. Hepatitis C virus-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: what do we know? Ther Adv Hematol 2015; 7:94-107. [PMID: 27054025 DOI: 10.1177/2040620715623924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of developing B-cell lymphomas in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. There is, however, a great geographic variability and it remains unclear whether additional environmental and genetic factors are involved or whether the international discrepancies represent simply a consequence of the variable prevalence of HCV infection in different countries. Other confounding factors may affect the comparability of the different studies, including the method of HCV assessment, the selection of normal controls, the lymphoma classification used and the year of publication. The most convincing evidence for a causal relationship comes from the observation, mainly limited to some indolent subtypes, of B-cell lymphoma regressions after successful HCV eradication with antiviral treatment. Yet, the molecular mechanism of HCV-induced lymphomagenesis are mainly hypothetical. According to most plausible models, lymphoma growth is a consequence of continuous antigenic stimulation induced by the chronic viral infection. This review will summarize the current knowledge on HCV-associated lymphomas and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vannata
- Lymphoma Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Arcaini
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Lymphoma Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
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5
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Li GY, Zhou Y, Ying RS, Shi L, Cheng YQ, Ren JP, Griffin JW, Jia ZS, Li CF, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Hepatitis C virus-induced reduction in miR-181a impairs CD4(+) T-cell responses through overexpression of DUSP6. Hepatology 2015; 61:1163-73. [PMID: 25477247 PMCID: PMC4376593 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED T cells play a crucial role in viral clearance or persistence; however, the precise mechanisms that control their responses during viral infection remain incompletely understood. MicroRNA (miR) has been implicated as a key regulator controlling diverse biological processes through posttranscriptional repression. Here, we demonstrate that hepatitis C virus (HCV)-mediated decline of miR-181a expression impairs CD4(+) T-cell responses through overexpression of dual specific phosphatase 6 (DUSP6). Specifically, a significant decline of miR-181a expression along with overexpression of DUSP6 was observed in CD4(+) T cells from chronically HCV-infected individuals compared to healthy subjects, and the levels of miR-181a loss were found to be negatively associated with the levels of DUSP6 overexpression in these cells. Importantly, reconstitution of miR-181a or blockade of DUSP6 expression in CD4(+) T cells led to improved T-cell responses including enhanced CD25 and CD69 expression, increased interleukin-2 expression, and improved proliferation of CD4(+) T cells derived from chronically HCV-infected individuals. CONCLUSION Since a decline of miR-181a concomitant with DUSP6 overexpression is the signature marker for age-associated T-cell senescence, these findings provide novel mechanistic insights into HCV-mediated premature T-cell aging through miR-181a-regulated DUSP6 signaling and reveal new targets for therapeutic rejuvenation of impaired T-cell responses during chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Y. Li
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America,Corresponding author: Guang Y. Li, M.D., Ph.D., Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunological Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614, Tel: 423-439-8063; Fax: 423-439-7010;
| | - Yun Zhou
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Ruo S. Ying
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Number 8 People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xian, China
| | - Yong Q. Cheng
- International Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun P. Ren
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeddidiah W.D. Griffin
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Zhan S. Jia
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Chuan F. Li
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America,Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America,Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
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6
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Fadda SH, Bassyouni IH, Hamdy A, Foad NA, Wali IE. Anti-C1q in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype IV infection: association with autoimmune rheumatologic manifestations. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:45-55. [PMID: 25028787 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.932378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that anti-complement-1q (anti-C1q) antibodies are elevated in a variety of autoimmune disease. Therefore, we investigated their prevalence and clinical significance in plasma of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype IV in the presence and absence of autoimmune extra hepatic manifestations in comparison to normal healthy individuals. Plasma Anti-C1q Abs levels were assessed by an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay in 91 chronic HCV-infected patients (51 with and 40 without autoimmune rheumatic manifestations) and 40 healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. Epidemiological, clinical, immunochemical and virological data were prospectively collected. Positive Anti-C1q antibodies were more frequent among HCV patients with extra-hepatic autoimmune involvement, than those without and healthy control subjects. No significant correlations were found between Anti-C1q levels with either the liver activity or the fibrosis scores. In HCV-patients with autoimmune involvements, plasma Anti-C1q levels were significantly higher in patients with positive cryoglobulin, and in those with lymphoma than in those without. These results were confirmed by multivariate analysis. Further large scale longitudinal studies are required to assess and clarify the significance and the pathogenic role of anti-C1q antibodies among HCV infected patients with positive cryoglobulinaemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia H Fadda
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Egypt
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7
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Shepard MT, Bonney EA. PD-1 regulates T cell proliferation in a tissue and subset-specific manner during normal mouse pregnancy. Immunol Invest 2013; 42:385-408. [PMID: 23782245 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.782317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of T cell homeostasis during pregnancy has important implications for maternal tolerance and immunity. Evidence suggests that Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) participates in regulation of T cell homeostasis and peripheral tolerance. To examine the contribution of PD-1 signaling on T cell homeostasis during normal mouse pregnancy, we examined T cell number or proportion, PD-1 expression, proliferation, and apoptosis by flow cytometry, BrdU incorporation, and TUNEL assay in pregnant mice given anti-PD-1 blocking antibody or control on days 10, 12, and 14 of gestation. We observed tissue, treatment, and T cell-specific differences in PD-1 expression. Both pregnancy and PD-1 blockade increased T cell proliferation in the spleen, yet this effect was limited to CD4 T cells in the uterine- draining nodes. In the uterus, PD-1 blockade markedly altered the composition of the T cell pool. These studies support the idea that pregnancy is a state of dynamic T cell homeostasis and suggest that this state is partially supported by PD-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Shepard
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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8
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Yao ZQ, Moorman JP. Immune exhaustion and immune senescence: two distinct pathways for HBV vaccine failure during HCV and/or HIV infection. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:193-201. [PMID: 23400275 PMCID: PMC3792483 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the shared risk factors for transmission, co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is quite common, and may lead to increases in morbidity and mortality. As such, HBV vaccine is recommended as the primary means to prevent HBV super-infection in HCV- and/or HIV-infected individuals. However, vaccine response (sero-conversion with a hepatitis B surface antibody titer >10 IU/L) in this setting is often blunted, with poor response rates to standard HBV vaccinations in virally infected individuals when compared with the healthy subjects. This phenomenon also occurs to other vaccines in adults, such as pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, in other immunocompromised hosts who are really at risk for opportunistic infections, such as individuals with hemodialysis, transplant, and malignancy. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms involving vaccine failure in these conditions, focusing on immune exhaustion and immune senescence--two distinct signaling pathways regulating cell function and fate. We raise the possibility that blocking these negative signaling pathways might improve success rates of immunizations in the setting of chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Q Yao
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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9
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Wang JM, Ma CJ, Li GY, Wu XY, Thayer P, Greer P, Smith AM, High KP, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Tim-3 alters the balance of IL-12/IL-23 and drives TH17 cells: role in hepatitis B vaccine failure during hepatitis C infection. Vaccine 2013; 31:2238-45. [PMID: 23499521 PMCID: PMC3667544 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination is recommended for individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection given their shared risk factors and increased liver-related morbidity and mortality upon super-infection. Vaccine responses in this setting are often blunted, with poor response rates to HBV vaccinations in chronically HCV-infected individuals compared to healthy subjects. In this study, we investigated the role of T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-3 (Tim-3)-mediated immune regulation in HBV vaccine responses during HCV infection. We found that Tim-3, a marker for T cell exhaustion, was over-expressed on monocytes, leading to a differential regulation of IL-12/IL-23 production which in turn TH17 cell accumulation, in HCV-infected HBV vaccine non-responders compared to HCV-infected HBV vaccine responders or healthy subjects (HS). Importantly, ex vivo blockade of Tim-3 signaling corrected the imbalance of IL-12/IL-23 as well as the IL-17 bias observed in HBV vaccine non-responders during HCV infection. These results suggest that Tim-3-mediated dysregulation of innate to adaptive immune responses is involved in HBV vaccine failure in individuals with chronic HCV infection, raising the possibility that blocking this negative signaling pathway might improve the success rate of HBV immunization in the setting of chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia M. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen
College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of
America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University School of
Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng J. Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen
College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of
America
| | - Guang Y. Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen
College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of
America
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen
College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of
America
| | - Penny Thayer
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of
Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
| | - Pamela Greer
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of
Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
| | - Ashley M. Smith
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of
Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
| | - Kevin P. High
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest
University Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United State of America
| | - Jonathan P Moorman
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of
Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen
College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of
America
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of
Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen
College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of
America
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10
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Jackson SR, Berrien-Elliott MM, Meyer JM, Wherry EJ, Teague RM. CD8+ T cell exhaustion during persistent viral infection is regulated independently of the virus-specific T cell receptor. Immunol Invest 2013; 42:204-20. [PMID: 23461613 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.751397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During chronic viral infections, responses by virus-specific CD8(+) T cells become marginalized by the acquisition of functional defects and reduced cell numbers in a process defined as T cell exhaustion. Similarly, T cell tolerance to self-antigen is also characterized by impaired effector function and eventual deletion of self-reactive T cells. Induction of both tolerance and exhaustion involve many shared inhibitory mechanisms, thus similar therapeutic approaches have proven effective in these distinct environments. We previously demonstrated that tolerant self-reactive CD8(+) T cells expressing dual-T cell receptors (i.e., dual-TCR) could be rescued by immunization through a second TCR specific for a foreign antigen. These data revealed that T cell tolerance was regulated at the level of the self-reactive TCR. Here, dual-TCR CD8(+) T cells were used to examine if exhaustion during persistent viral infection could be rescued by an analogous strategy of immunization through a second TCR not involved in recognition of virus. In direct contrast to the rescue achievable in tolerant CD8(+) T cells, exhausted T cells were equally impaired through both TCR. These findings suggest that exhaustion is maintained by defects downstream of the virus-specific TCR, and establish that exhaustion and tolerance are distinctly regulated states of T cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Jackson
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiologyand Immunology, St Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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11
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Molecular signature in HCV-positive lymphomas. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:623465. [PMID: 22952554 PMCID: PMC3431075 DOI: 10.1155/2012/623465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive, single-stranded RNA virus, which has been associated to different subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Cumulative evidence suggests an HCV-related antigen driven process in the B-NHL development. The underlying molecular signature associated to HCV-related B-NHL has to date remained obscure. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in this field with a special mention to different sets of genes whose expression is associated with BCR coupled to Blys signaling which in turn was found to be linked to B-cell maturation stages and NF-κb transcription factor. Even if recent progress on HCV-B-NHL signature has been made, the precise relationship between HCV and lymphoma development and phenotype signature remain to be clarified.
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12
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Moorman JP, Wang JM, Zhang Y, Ji XJ, Ma CJ, Wu XY, Jia ZS, Wang KS, Yao ZQ. Tim-3 pathway controls regulatory and effector T cell balance during hepatitis C virus infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 189:755-66. [PMID: 22706088 PMCID: PMC3392408 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is remarkable at disrupting human immunity to establish chronic infection. Upregulation of inhibitory signaling pathways (such as T cell Ig and mucin domain protein-3 [Tim-3]) and accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) play pivotal roles in suppressing antiviral effector T cell (Teff) responses that are essential for viral clearance. Although the Tim-3 pathway has been shown to negatively regulate Teffs, its role in regulating Foxp3(+) Tregs is poorly explored. In this study, we investigated whether and how the Tim-3 pathway alters Foxp3(+) Treg development and function in patients with chronic HCV infection. We found that Tim-3 was upregulated, not only on IL-2-producing CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(-) Teffs, but also on CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs, which accumulate in the peripheral blood of chronically HCV-infected individuals when compared with healthy subjects. Tim-3 expression on Foxp3(+) Tregs positively correlated with expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 on Tregs, but it was inversely associated with proliferation of IL-2-producing Teffs. Moreover, Foxp3(+) Tregs were found to be more resistant to, and Foxp3(-) Teffs more sensitive to, TCR activation-induced cell apoptosis, which was reversible by blocking Tim-3 signaling. Consistent with its role in T cell proliferation and apoptosis, blockade of Tim-3 on CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells promoted expansion of Teffs more substantially than Tregs through improving STAT-5 signaling, thus correcting the imbalance of Foxp3(+) Tregs/Foxp3(-) Teffs that was induced by HCV infection. Taken together, the Tim-3 pathway appears to control Treg and Teff balance through altering cell proliferation and apoptosis during HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Moorman
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
| | - Jia M. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao J. Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
- Department of Critical Care Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng J. Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
| | - Zhan S. Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ke S. Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United State of America
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13
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Zhang Y, Ma CJ, Wang JM, Ji XJ, Wu XY, Jia ZS, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Tim-3 negatively regulates IL-12 expression by monocytes in HCV infection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19664. [PMID: 21637332 PMCID: PMC3102652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) is a newly identified negative immunomodulator that is up-regulated on dysfunctional T cells during viral infections. The expression and function of Tim-3 on human innate immune responses during HCV infection, however, remains poorly characterized. In this study, we report that Tim-3 is constitutively expressed on human resting CD14+ monocyte/macrophages (M/MØ) and functions as a cap to block IL-12, a key pro-inflammatory cytokine linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Tim-3 expression is significantly reduced and IL-12 expression increased upon stimulation with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand - lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TLR7/8 ligand - R848. Notably, Tim-3 is over-expressed on un-stimulated as well as TLR-stimulated M/MØ, which is inversely associated with the diminished IL-12 expression in chronically HCV-infected individuals when compared to healthy subjects. Up-regulation of Tim-3 and inhibition of IL-12 are also observed in M/MØ incubated with HCV-expressing hepatocytes, as well as in primary M/MØ or monocytic THP-1 cells incubated with HCV core protein, an effect that mimics the function of complement C1q and is reversible by blocking the HCV core/gC1qR interaction. Importantly, blockade of Tim-3 signaling significantly rescues HCV-mediated inhibition of IL-12, which is primarily expressed by Tim-3 negative M/MØ. Tim-3 blockade reduces HCV core-mediated expression of the negative immunoregulators PD-1 and SOCS-1 and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation. Conversely, blocking PD-1 or silencing SOCS-1 gene expression also decreases Tim-3 expression and enhances IL-12 secretion and STAT-1 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that Tim-3 plays a crucial role in negative regulation of innate immune responses, through crosstalk with PD-1 and SOCS-1 and limiting STAT-1 phosphorylation, and may be a novel target for immunotherapy to HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng J. Ma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jia M. Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xiao J. Ji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Zhan S. Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Moorman JP, Zhang CL, Ni L, Ma CJ, Zhang Y, Wu XY, Thayer P, Islam TM, Borthwick T, Yao ZQ. Impaired hepatitis B vaccine responses during chronic hepatitis C infection: involvement of the PD-1 pathway in regulating CD4(+) T cell responses. Vaccine 2011; 29:3169-76. [PMID: 21376795 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the setting of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is recommended, but responses to vaccination are blunted when compared to uninfected populations. The mechanism for this failure of immune response in HCV-infected subjects remains unknown but is thought to be a result of lymphocyte dysfunction during chronic viral infection. We have recently demonstrated that PD-1, a novel negative immunomodulator for T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, is involved in T and B lymphocyte dysregulation during chronic HCV infection. In this report, we further investigated the role of the PD-1 pathway in regulation of CD4(+) T cell responses to HBV vaccination in HCV-infected individuals. In a prospective HCV infected cohort, a poor response rate to HBV vaccination as assayed by seroconversion was observed in HCV-infected subjects (53%), while a high response rate was observed in healthy or spontaneously HCV-resolved individuals (94%). CD4(+) T cell responses to ex vivo stimulations of anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were found to be lower in HBV vaccine non-responders compared to those responders in HCV-infected individuals who had received a series of HBV immunizations. PD-1 expression on CD4(+) T cells was detected at relatively higher levels in these HBV vaccine non-responders than those who responded, and this was inversely associated with the cell activation status. Importantly, blocking the PD-1 pathway improved T cell activation and proliferation in response to ex vivo HBsAg or anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation in HBV vaccine non-responders. These results suggest that PD-1 signaling may be involved in impairing CD4(+) T cell responses to HBV vaccination in subjects with HCV infection, and raise the possibility that blocking this negative signaling pathway might improve success rates of immunization in the setting of chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Moorman
- Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Zhang Y, Ma CJ, Ni L, Zhang CL, Wu XY, Kumaraguru U, Li CF, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Cross-talk between programmed death-1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 in inhibition of IL-12 production by monocytes/macrophages in hepatitis C virus infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3093-103. [PMID: 21263070 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) dysregulates innate immune responses and induces persistent viral infection. We previously demonstrated that HCV core protein impairs IL-12 expression by monocytes/macrophages (M/M(Φ)s) through interaction with a complement receptor gC1qR. Because HCV core-mediated lymphocyte dysregulation occurs through the negative immunomodulators programmed death-1 (PD-1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1), the aim of this study was to examine their role in HCV core-mediated IL-12 suppression in M/M(Φ)s. We analyzed TLR-stimulated, primary CD14(+) M/M(Φ)s from chronically HCV-infected and healthy subjects or the THP-1 cell line for PD-1, SOCS-1, and IL-12 expression following HCV core treatment. M/M(Φ)s from HCV-infected subjects at baseline exhibited comparatively increased PD-1 expression that significantly correlated with the degree of IL-12 inhibition. M/M(Φ)s isolated from healthy and HCV-infected individuals and treated with HCV core protein displayed increased PD-1 and SOCS-1 expression and decreased IL-12 expression, an effect that was also observed in cells treated with gC1qR's ligand, C1q. Blocking gC1qR rescued HCV core-induced PD-1 upregulation and IL-12 suppression, whereas blocking PD-1 signaling enhanced IL-12 production and decreased the expression of SOCS-1 induced by HCV core. Conversely, silencing SOCS-1 expression using small interfering RNAs increased IL-12 expression and inhibited PD-1 upregulation. PD-1 and SOCS-1 were found to associate by coimmunoprecipitation studies, and blocking PD-1 or silencing SOCS-1 in M/M(Φ) led to activation of STAT-1 during TLR-stimulated IL-12 production. These data suggested that HCV core/gC1qR engagement on M/M(Φ)s triggers the expression of PD-1 and SOCS-1, which can associate to deliver negative signaling to TLR-mediated pathways controlling expression of IL-12, a key cytokine linking innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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