Interleukin-1 beta polymorphisms are associated with lymph node metastasis in Korean patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

Investigation of the mechanism of Prunella vulgaris in treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma based on network pharmacology integrated molecular docking and experimental verification

To analyze the molecular mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking verification. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database was used to predict the main active components of PV, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, PubChem, and Swiss Target Prediction databases were used to obtain the corresponding targets of all active components. Targets collected for PTC treatment through Gene Cards, Digest and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases respectively. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Gene/Protein database was used to obtain the interaction information between proteins, and the topology analysis and visualization were carried out through Cytoscape 3.7.2 software (https://cytoscape.org/). The R package cluster profiler was used for gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis. The "active ingredient-target-disease" network was constructed by using Cyto scape 3.7.2, and topological analysis was carried out to obtain the core compound. The molecular docking was processed by using Discovery Studio 2019 software, and the core target and active ingredient were verified. The inhibition rate was detected by CCK8 method. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of kaempferol anti-PTC related pathway proteins. A total of 11 components and 83 corresponding targets in the component target network of PV, of which 6 were the core targets of PV in the treatment of PTC. It was showed that quercetin, luteolin, beta (β)-sitosterol, kaempferol may be the core components of PV in the treatment of PTC. vascular endothelial growth factor A, tumor protein p53, transcription factor AP-1, prostaglandin endoperoxidase 2, interleukin 6, and IL-1B may be important targets for the treatment of PTC. The main biological processes mainly including response to nutrient levels, response to xenobiotic stimulus, response to extracellular stimulus, external side of plasma membrane, membrane raft, membrane microdomain, serine hydrolase activity, serine-type endopeptidase activity, antioxidant activity, etc IL-17 signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may affect the recurrence and metastasis of PTC. Kaempferol may significantly reduce the activity of Papillary cells of human thyroid carcinoma bcpap cell lines cells compared with quercetin, luteolin, β-sitosterol. Kaempferol may reduce the protein expression levels of interleukin 6, vascular endothelial growth factor A, transcription factor AP-1, tumor protein p53, 1L-1B and prostaglandin endoperoxidase 2, respectively. PV has the characteristics of multi-components, multi-targets and multi- pathways in the treatment of PTC, which network pharmacology help to provides a theoretical basis for the screening of effective components of PV and further research.

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene c.1627A>G A/G and G/G genotypes are risk factors for lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) acts as the key enzyme catabolizing pyrimidines, and may affect the tumor progression. DPYD gene mutations affect DPD activity. The relationship between DPYD IVS14+1G>A, c.1627A>G, c.85T>C and lymph node metastasis (LNM) and distant metastasis (DM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated.

METHODS

A total of 537 CRC patients were enrolled in this study. DPYD polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Sanger sequencing. The relationship between DPYD genotypes and clinical features of patients, metastasis of CRC was analyzed.

RESULTS

About DPYD c.1627A>G, A/A (57.7%) was the most common genotype, followed by A/G (35.6%), G/G (6.7%) genotypes. In c.85T>C, T/T, T/C, and C/C genotypes are accounted for 83.6%, 16.0%, and 0.4%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that DPYD c.1627A>G A/G and G/G genotypes in the dominant model (A/G + G/G vs. A/A) were significant risk factors for the LNM (p = 0.029, OR 1.506, 95% CI = 1.048-2.165) and DM (p = 0.039, OR 1.588, 95% CI = 1.041-2.423) of CRC. In addition, DPYD c.1627A>G polymorphism was more common in patients with abnormal serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (>5 ng/ml) (p = 0.003) or carbohydrate antigen 24-2 (CA24-2) (>20 U/ml) level (p = 0.015).

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggested that DPYD c.1627A>G A/G, G/G genotypes are associated with increased risk of LNM and DM of CRC.

Effects of in IL-1B/IL-1RN variants on the susceptibility to head and neck cancer in a chinese Han population

Background

The study aimed to evaluate the relationship of IL-1B/IL-1RN polymorphisms to the predisposition of head and neck cancer (HNC) in a Chinese Han population.

Methods

Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-1B/IL-1RN were genotyped based on Agena MassARRAY platform. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the genetic association between these SNPs and HNC risk by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Haplotype analysis were performed using Haploview program and logistic regression model.

Results

The genetic association between rs1143643 in IL-1B and the higher risk of HNC was found (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46) in the overall. IL-1RN rs17042888 was related to a reduced risk of HNC in the subjects aged > 46 years (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50–0.98) and in females (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52–0.98), while rs1143643 increased the predisposition of HNC among females (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.13–2.74). Furthermore, rs1143643 had an increased susceptibility to thyroid carcinoma (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.10–2.34). Moreover, compared with stage I–II, the frequency of IL-1RN rs452204-AG genotype was lower in patients with stage III–IV.

Conclusions

IL-1B (rs1143643) and IL-1RN (rs17042888 and rs452204) polymorphisms might be related to the individual susceptibility of HNC in the Chinese Han population. These results might help to improve the understanding of IL-1B and IL-1RN genes in the occurrence of HNC.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01750-0.

Interleukins in Thyroid Cancer: From Basic Researches to Applications in Clinical Practice

Inflammation is crucial to tumorigenesis and progression of many cancers. Inflammatory molecules in tumor microenvironment exert pro- or anti-tumor effects. Among them, interleukin, mainly produced by CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, is a class of small molecule proteins which play an important role in intercellular communication. Numerous studies have confirmed that interleukins are closely related to thyroid cancer. Interleukins regulate the proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer cells and they have prospects in discriminating benign and malignant thyroid diseases, predicting the risk of tumorigenesis, evaluating the prognosis and monitoring the recurrence of thyroid cancer. Besides, the effective application of interleukins in treatment of thyroid cancer has been confirmed by some cell and animal researches. The present review will introduce the potential mechanisms of interleukins in thyroid cancer and focus on the applications of interleukins in clinical practice of thyroid cancer, which will help update understanding of the progress of interleukins researches in thyroid cancer.

RORγt may Influence the Microenvironment of Thyroid Cancer Predicting Favorable Prognosis

We aimed to investigate the role of RORγt (Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma) in the tumor microenvironment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. We retrospectively analyzed 56 patients (48 papillary and 8 follicular thyroid carcinomas). Immunohistochemical expression of RORγt was compared to other immune markers previously investigated by our group, clinical and pathological information. All patients presented cytoplasmic expression of RORγt in thyroid tumor cells. Seven (12.5%) patients presented no nuclear expression of RORγt. Positivity was few (up to 10%) in 14 patients; 10 to 50% in 5 patients (8.9%); and more than 50% in 30 patients (53.6%). Nuclear RORγt positivity was associated with absence of distant metastasis at diagnosis (p = 0.013) and the need of less cumulative doses of radioactive iodine (p = 0.039). Patients whose tumors were positive for nuclear RORγt presented higher 10-years relapse-free survival rate than those patients who were negative for RORγt (p = 0.023). We classified the patients according to the clustering of immunological immunohistochemical markers. We were able to distinguish a subset (A) of 38 patients who presented high expression of nuclear RORγt and tended to be scarce in proinflammatory immune markers. Other 16 patients integrated a second subset (B) whose tumor microenvironment accumulated proinflammatory markers and presented low expression of nuclear nuclear RORγt. Distant metastasis at diagnosis were more frequent among patients from cluster B than from cluster A (p = 0.008). Our results reinforce that the expression of RORγt together with other immune markers might help predict the prognosis of patients with thyroid cancer and help individualize clinical management.

Association between IL1B gene and cervical cancer susceptibility in Chinese Uygur Population: A Case-Control study

BACKGROUND

Interleukin-1β (IL-1B) has been recognized as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and associated with tumorigenesis. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of IL-1B polymorphisms to the susceptibility of cervical cancer in Chinese Uygur population.

METHODS

Seven variants were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform in 267 cervical cancer patients and 302 healthy controls. Allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic association analyses adjusted for age were investigated using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). GEPIA and UALCAN databases were used to evaluate expression and prognostic of IL-1B gene in cervical cancer.

RESULTS

Our result revealed IL-1B rs1143627-AA (OR = 1.98, p = 0.029) and rs16944-GG (OR = 2.01, p = 0.025) was associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Besides, we also found two protective single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3136558 (OR = 0.63, p = 0.011) and rs1143630 (OR = 0.63, p = 0.019). Haplotype ″TGA″ in the block (rs1143630, rs1143627, and rs16944) significantly decreased the susceptibility of cervical cancer (OR = 0.53, p = 0.0007). IL-1B mRNA level was up-regulated in the cervical cancer patients, which was related with poor prognosis in silico.

CONCLUSIONS

For the first time, our results provide evidence on polymorphism of IL-1B gene associated with cervical cancer risk in Chinese Uygur population.

A Study of IL-1β, MMP-3, TGF-β1, and GDF5 Polymorphisms and Their Association with Primary Frozen Shoulder in a Chinese Han Population

Primary frozen shoulder (PFS) is a common condition of uncertain etiology that is characterized by shoulder pain and restriction of active and passive glenohumeral motions. The pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the joint capsule. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at IL-1β, MMP3, TGF-β1, and GDF5 have been associated with risk of a variety of inflammatory diseases; however, no studies have examined these SNPs with susceptibility to PFS. We investigated allele and genotype frequencies of rs1143627 at IL-1β, rs650108 at MMP-3, rs1800469 at TGF-β1, and rs143383 at GDF5 in 42 patients with PFS and 50 healthy controls in a Chinese Han population. Serum samples from both cohorts were evaluated to determine the expression levels of IL-1β. We found that the IL-1β rs1143627 CC genotype was associated with a decreased risk of PFS compared to the TT genotype (P = 0.022) and that serum IL-1β was expressed at a significantly higher level in the PFS cohort compared to that found in the control group (P < 0.001). Our findings indicated no evidence of an association between rs650108, rs1800469, or rs143383 and PFS. IL-1β is associated with susceptibility to PFS and may have a role in its pathogenesis in a Chinese Han population.

A Comprehensive Meta-analysis of Case-Control Association Studies to Evaluate Polymorphisms Associated with the Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

BACKGROUND

Linkage analyses and association studies suggested that inherited genetic variations play a role in the development of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).

METHODS

We combined the results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed by our group and from published studies on DTC. With a first approach, we evaluated whether a SNP published as associated with the risk of DTC could replicate in our GWAS (using FDR as adjustment for multiple comparisons). With the second approach, meta-analyses were performed between literature and GWAS when both sources suggested an association, increasing the statistical power of the analysis.

RESULTS

rs1799814 (CYP1A1), rs1121980 (FTO), and 3 SNPs within 9q22 (rs965513, rs7048394, and rs894673) replicated the associations described in the literature. In addition, the meta-analyses between literature and GWAS revealed 10 more SNPs within 9q22, six within FTO, two within SOD1, and single variations within HUS1, WDR3, UGT2B7, ALOX12, TICAM1, ATG16L1, HDAC4, PIK3CA, SULF1, IL11RA, VEGFA, and 1p31.3, 2q35, 8p12, and 14q13.

CONCLUSION

This analysis confirmed several published risk loci that could be involved in DTC predisposition.

IMPACT

These findings provide evidence for the role of germline variants in DTC etiology and are consistent with a polygenic model of the disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 700-13. ©2016 AACR.

Association of interleukin-1 gene variations with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis in multiple ethnicities

Background and Objective

Genetic markers associated with disease are often non-functional and generally tag one or more functional “causative” variants in linkage disequilibrium. Markers may not show tight linkage to the causative variants across multiple ethnicities due to evolutionary divergence, and therefore may not be informative across different population groups. Validated markers of disease suggest causative variants exist in the gene and, if the causative variants can be identified, it is reasonable to hypothesize that such variants will be informative across diverse populations. The aim of this study was to test that hypothesis using functional Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene variations across multiple ethnic populations to replace the non-functional markers originally associated with chronic adult periodontitis in Caucasians.

Material and Methods

Adult chronic periodontitis cases and controls from four ethnic groups (Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics and Asians) were recruited in the USA, Chile and China. Genotypes of IL1B gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including three functional SNPs (rs16944, rs1143623, rs4848306) in the promoter and one intronic SNP (rs1143633), were determined using a single base extension method or TaqMan 5′ nuclease assay. Logistic regression and other statistical analyses were used to examine the association between moderate to severe periodontitis and IL1B gene variations, including SNPs, haplotypes and composite genotypes. Genotype patterns associated with disease in the discovery study were then evaluated in independent validation studies.

Results

Significant associations were identified in the discovery study, consisting of Caucasians and African Americans, between moderate to severe adult chronic periodontitis and functional variations in the IL1B gene, including a pattern of four IL1B SNPs (OR = 1.87, p < 0.0001). The association between the disease and this IL1B composite genotype pattern was validated in two additional studies consisting of Hispanics (OR = 1.95, p = 0.04) or Asians (OR = 3.27, p = 0.01). A meta-analysis of the three populations supported the association between the IL-1 genotype pattern and moderate to severe periodontitis (OR 1.95; p < 0.001). Our analysis also demonstrated that IL1B gene variations had added value to conventional risk factors in predicting chronic periodontitis.

Conclusion

This study validated the influence of IL-1 genetic factors on the severity of chronic periodontitis in four different ethnicities.