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A Survey on the Adjuvant Role of Naloxone Alone or Combined with Alum in Vaccination Against Fasciolosis in BALB/c Mice. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:236-245. [PMID: 30788648 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasciolosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease imposing a heavy load of livestock losses worldwide. PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate immune-stimulatory effects of naloxone (NLX), an opioid receptor antagonist, in combination with alum in mice vaccinated with excretory-secretory antigens (E/S) of Fasciola hepatica. METHODS 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were subcutaneously vaccinated using E/S antigens of F. hepatica. Experimental groups (14 mice per group) included: vaccine (E/S antigen), alum vaccine (E/S antigen plus alum), NLX vaccine (E/S antigen plus NLX), and alum-NLX vaccine (E/S antigen plus a mixture of alum-NLX). The control group was infused with PBS. Lymphocyte proliferation and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IgG2a, IgG1, and total IgG were measured. RESULTS Mice vaccinated with NLX or alum-NLX adjuvants showed significantly higher rates of lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ, total IgG, and IgG2a levels. The mice that were injected with alum showed a significantly higher concentration of IL-4. Ratios of IFN-γ/Il-4 and IgG2a/IgG1 were significantly higher in the NLX and alum-NLX groups in comparison with the groups vaccinated either with alum or without any adjuvant. A significantly higher protection rate (62.5%) was seen in mice vaccinated with the alum-NLX adjuvant compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION NLX can be effective in conferring cellular immunity and protection against F. hepatica. It is recommended to consider this agent as a potential adjuvant in vaccines against fasciolosis.
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Khezri P, Shahabi S, Abasi E, Hajipirloo HM. Comparison of immunogenical potency of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) antigens prepared by 3 different methods in conjunction with Alum-Naltrexone adjuvant in BALB/c mice. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Khezri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahram Shahabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Abasi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Habib Mohammadzadeh Hajipirloo
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Minaei S, Shahabi S, Seyyedi S, Ziaali N, Mohammadzadeh Hajipirloo H. Propranolol efficacy as a novel adjuvant for immunization against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Exp Parasitol 2018; 194:60-66. [PMID: 30253134 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe or lethal damages, caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection in congenital cases and immunocompromised patients implies the necessity for development of a vaccine and an appropriate adjuvant would be needed to elicit a protective Th1 biased-immune response. The adjuvant activity of propranolol was surveyed and compared with alum by immunization of BALB/c mice with protein components of T. gondii tachyzoites. Five groups of BALB/c mice were immunized with phosphate buffered saline (negative control), Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA), alum plus TLA, Propranolol plus TLA, and alum, propranolol and TLA. Immunization efficacy was evaluated by lymphocyte proliferation and DTH tests, challenge with live tachyzoites, IFN-γ production by spleen cells, serum TNF-α concentration and anti- Toxoplasma total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a measurements. Mice of the PRP-TLA group induced significantly more IFN-γ and TNF-α production and lymphocyte proliferation than other groups. This group of mice also showed more anti-T. gondii IgG2a and DTH responses and showed a significantly increased survival time after challenge. These findings indicate that propranolol as an adjuvant in combination with TLA, may enhance cellular immunity against T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Minaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Shahram Shahabi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Shahram Seyyedi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Naser Ziaali
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Azizi H, Mirzaeei H, Nasiri AA, Bazi A, Mirzapour A, Khatami M, Nahavandi KH, Azimi A, Yaghoobi H. Naltrexone; as an efficient adjuvant in induction of Th1 immunity and protection against Fasciola hepatica infection. Exp Parasitol 2018; 189:66-71. [PMID: 29729492 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Toxic effects of available therapeutics are major drawbacks for conventional management approaches in parasitic infections. Vaccines have provided a promising opportunity to obviate such unwanted complications. In present study, we examined immune augmenting capacities of an emerging adjuvant, Naltrexone, against Fasciola hepatica infection in BALB/c mice. Seventy BALB/c mice were divided into five experimental groups (14 mice per group) including 1- control (received PBS), 2- vaccine (immunized with F. hepatica E/S antigens), 3- Alum-vaccine (immunized with Alum adjuvant and E/S antigens), 4- NLT-vaccine (immunized with NLT adjuvant and E/S antigens), and 5- Alum-NLT-vaccine (immunized with mixed Alum-NLT adjuvant and E/S antigens). Lymphocyte stimulation index was assessed by MTT assay. Production of IFN-γ, IL-4, IgG2a and IgG1 was assessed by ELISA method. Results showed that NLT, either alone or in combination with alum, can induce immune response toward production of IFN-γ and IgG2a as representatives of Th1 immune response. Also, using this adjuvant in immunization experiment was associated with significantly high proliferative response of splenocytes/lymphocytes. Utilization of mixed Alum-NLT adjuvant revealed the highest protection rate (73.8%) in challenge test of mice infected with F. hepatica. These findings suggest the potential role of NLT as an effective adjuvant in induction of protective cellular and Th1 immune responses against fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Azizi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hadi Mirzaeei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Nasiri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Aliyar Mirzapour
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Kareem Hatam Nahavandi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ako Azimi
- Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hajar Yaghoobi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Salimi V, Mirzaei H, Ramezani A, Tahamtan A, Jamali A, Shahabi S, Golaram M, Minaei B, Gharagozlou MJ, Mahmoodi M, Bont L, Shokri F, Mokhtari-Azad T. Blocking of opioid receptors in experimental formaline-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) immunopathogenesis: from beneficial to harmful impacts. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 207:105-115. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Feng H, McDonough SP, Fan J, Yang S, Zhao X, Lu Y, Gan Y, Yi X, Chang YF. Phosphorylated Radix Cyathulae officinalis Polysaccharides Act as Adjuvant via Promoting Dendritic Cell Maturation. Molecules 2017; 22:E106. [PMID: 28075416 PMCID: PMC6155757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether phosphorylated Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan polysaccharides (pRCPS) used as adjuvant with foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (FMDV) can stimulate specific humoral and cellular immune responses in ICR mice. The results demonstrated that pRCPS significantly up-regulated FMDV-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2b and IgG2a antibody levels and splenocyte proliferation. pRCPS also promoted the killing activities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer cells (NK). In addition, pRCPS enhanced the expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ in CD4⁺ T cells and the level of IFN-γ in CD8⁺ T cells. Importantly, pRCPS enhanced the expression of MHCII, CD40⁺, CD86⁺, and CD80⁺ in dendritic cells (DCs). This study indicated that phosphorylation modification could increase immune-enhancing activities of RCPS, and pRCPS could promote humoral and cellular immune responses through facilitating DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Feng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Sean P McDonough
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Jing Fan
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610051, China.
| | - Shiping Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Xuelian Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Yun Gan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Xiao Yi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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Tahamtan A, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Mokhtari-Azad T, Teymoori-Rad M, Bont L, Shokri F, Salimi V. Opioids and Viral Infections: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:970. [PMID: 27446011 PMCID: PMC4916179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids and their receptors have received remarkable attention because they have the ability to alter immune function, which affects disease progression. In vitro and in vivo findings as well as observations in humans indicate that opioids and their receptors positively or negatively affect viral replication and virus-mediated pathology. The present study reviews recent insights in the role of opioids and their receptors in viral infections and discusses possible therapeutic opportunities. This review supports the emerging concept that opioids and their receptors have both favorable and unfavorable effects on viral disease, depending on the type of virus. Targeting of the opioid system is a potential option for developing effective therapies; however caution is required in relation to the beneficial functions of opioid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tahamtan
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Teymoori-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Louis Bont
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Rittenhouse-Olson K. Letter from the Editor. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:713-8. [PMID: 26575460 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1099411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Feng H, Fan J, Du X, Song Z, Wang Z, Han X, Zhao B, Liu J. SulfatedRadix Cyathulae officinalisPolysaccharides Act as Adjuvant via Promoting the Dendritic Cell Maturation and Suppressing Treg Frequency. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:288-308. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1009546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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