The IL-8 Gene Polymorphisms in Behçet's Disease Observed in Denizli Province of Turkey

Associations of IL-17 and IL-17 receptor polymorphisms with Behçet's disease in Denizli Province of Turkey

Although the etiopathogenesis of Behçet's disease is not known, studies conducted in different populations show that it is a multifactorial disease that is thought to develop as a result of the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. IL-17 is thought to induce the neutrophilic inflammation and the tissue damage mediated by immune response in patients. Polymorphisms in the gene region encoding IL-17 and IL-17R molecules may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease and contribute to the elucidation of disease mechanism. We aimed to show the association of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17RC polymorphisms and haplotypes in Behçet's disease patients and its clinical features. We genotyped IL-17A (rs4711998 (A/G), rs8193036 (C/T), rs2275913 (A/G), rs3819025 (A/G), rs8193038 (A/G), rs3804513 (A/T), rs1974226 (C/T), rs3748067 (C/T)); IL-17F (rs763780 (T/C), rs2397084 (T/C)); and IL-17R (IL-17RC) (rs708567 (C/T)) polymorphisms in 88 patients with Behçet's disease and 133 healthy controls using PCR-RFLP-based approach. The results of our study showed that polymorphisms of IL-17A, rs8193036 (C/T), rs3819025 (G/A), rs3804513 (A/T), IL-17F rs2397084 (T/C), and IL-17RC rs708567 (C/T) are associated with the susceptibility to the BD. When the haplotype distributions of all loci of IL-17Aand IL-17A/IL-17F together were examined and in contrast to the data obtained from the controls, the GTGGAACC (27.84%) and GTGGAACCTT (25.57%) have the highest frequencies. In conclusion, the allele and genotype frequency differences of the IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17R and haplotype frequencies between Behçet's disease and controls indicate that the genetic structure of Behçet's disease may be different.

Chemokines and chemokine receptors in Behçet's disease

Behçet's disease (BD), a chronic vascular inflammatory disease, is characterized by the symptoms of ocular lesions, recurrent genital and oral ulcers, skin symptoms and arthritis in addition to neurological, intestinal and vascular involvement. The pathogenesis of BD is poorly understood, and there are no effective laboratory markers for the diagnosis of BD. In addition, BD is presently incurable. Chemokines, a family of small secreted chemotactic cytokines, interact with chemokine receptors and mediate the migration, localization and cellular interactions of inflammatory cells. Several studies have suggested that chemokines and their receptors play an important role in the occurrence and development of BD and that these chemokines along with their receptors can be utilized as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In the present review, chemokines and chemokine receptors involved in BD and their potential application in diagnosis and therapy have been discussed.

Exploration of Gancao Xiexin decoction for treatment of Behcet disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

BACKGROUND

Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study discusses the potential mechanism of Gancao Xiexin decoction in the treatment of Behçet disease (BD) to provide a more reliable theoretical basis for the treatment of BD.

METHODS

The effective components and action targets of Gancao Xiexin decoction were obtained by searching the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform database, and the genome annotation database platform (GeneCards) database Search BD related targets in Online Mendelian inheritance in man database, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics knowledge base database, therapeutic target database and drugbank database, Venny analysis tool was used to overlap drug targets and disease targets; The "active drug active ingredient target gene" network was constructed with the help of Cytoscape 3.8.2 software, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with string database; R language was used for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis; Target prediction based on pubchemp platform.

RESULTS

A total of 163 active components were identified, with 730 corresponding targets, including 56 common targets of the active components and BD. GO enrichment analysis yielded 1126 entries for biological processes (BP), 17 entries for cellular components, and 89 entries for molecular functions. The significant items of BP enrichment mainly included reaction to lipopolysaccharide, reaction to bacteria-derived molecules, exogenous apoptosis signal pathways, and biological metabolism processes of reactive oxygen species. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 118 significantly enriched pathways. The molecular docking technology verified that its effective components can effectively bind to the corresponding BD related target proteins.

CONCLUSION

Gancao Xiexin decoction synergistically treats BD through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel mechanisms, which provides a basis for further study of the active components and mechanism of Gancao Xiexin decoction.

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Natural Product Ingredients in the Treatment of Uveitis

Background

As the spectrum of ophthalmic diseases keeps changing, uveitis has gradually become one of the major blinding eye diseases in the world. In recent years, it has become a research hotspot to select effective components for uveitis treatment from natural drugs.

Methods

We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies written in English as well as Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CQVIP, and Wan Fang database for studies written in Chinese (inception through 30 December 2020).

Results

Eight kinds of natural product ingredients were included in this article. They were found to not only regulate the expression of cytokines, proliferation, and differentiation of T help cells but also inhibit the damage of cytokines and inflammatory cells to uvea, blood aqueous barrier, and blood retinal barrier.

Conclusion

Natural product ingredients have their unique advantages in the treatment of uveitis. They have good anti-inflammatory effects without causing serious adverse reactions, which enables them to be promising choices for preventive and therapeutic strategy of uveitis.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL5 with Behçet disease: a study in the Denizli province of Turkey

BACKGROUND

Behçet disease (BD) is associated with the immune system, especially neutrophilic activity. The CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL5 genes mediate the activation and migration of neutrophils.

AIM

To investigate CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examine their association with BD.

METHODS

We studied polymorphic sites in CXCR1 (four sites: rs16858811, rs9282752, rs16858809 and rs16858808), CXCR2 (three sites: rs2230054, rs1126579 and rs1126580) and CXCL5 (one site: rs352046) in 87 patients with BD and 111 healthy controls (HCs), using a PCR restriction-fragment length polymorphism-based approach for genotyping.

RESULTS

We found that the CXCR2 rs2230054 TT genotype and the CXCL5 rs352046 polymorphism might be possible genetic factors responsible for BD. We did not find any association between the development of BD and any of the four CXCR1 polymorphisms or the other two CXCR2 SNPs. In addition, our haplotype analysis results indicated that the haplotypes of the CXCR2 and CXCR1-CXCR2 polymorphic loci were different between the BD and HC groups.

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests that polymorphisms of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL5 may affect susceptibility to BD and increase the risk of developing the disease. These loci need to be studied in larger groups of patients from different geographical areas around the world in order to clarify the genetic background for BD pathogenesis.

Diagnostic Sensitivity of Different Applications of Pathergy Test for Behçet's Disease

Objectives

This study aims to compare the sensitivity of the intradermal application of the pathergy test with the "three-step pathergy test".

Patients and methods

The study included 60 patients with Behçet's disease (BD) (23 males, 37 females; mean age 33.9±9.7 years; range, 11 to 57 years) and 100 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis as the control group (39 males, 61 females; mean age 32.4±12.1 years; range, 11 to 66 years). Simultaneous intradermal pathergy test and three-step pathergy test were applied to each patient.

Results

Twenty-six patients (43.3%) with BD had positive three-step pathergy test and 18 (30%) of them had positive intradermal pathergy test. A statistically significant relationship was found between the three-step pathergy test positivity and male sex while no relationship was detected between the disease activity and the positivity of the pathergy test. In the three-step pathergy test, pathergy positivity with intramuscular method was statistically significantly higher than with intravenous method.

Conclusion

The three-step pathergy test in patients with BD was found to have higher sensitivity compared with the intradermal pathergy test. The intramuscularly applied pathergy test was the main cause of increase in sensitivity. Further studies are needed to develop new applications of pathergy test that would increase the sensitivity and which are also easy to apply.

Study of association between interleukin-8 - 845 T/C and + 781 C/T polymorphisms with periodontitis disease among population from Western Iran

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that influences the protective tissues of teeth. IL-8, a member of the chemokine super-family, plays vital roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis with activation and migration of neutrophils in inflammatory regions. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the association of interleukin-8 - 845 T/C and + 781 C/T polymorphisms with periodontitis in an Iranian population. A total of 65 patients with periodontitis including 18 patients with chronic periodontitis and 47 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 55 controls were enrolled into our study. Interleukin-8 - 845 T/C and + 781 C/T polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. For + 781C/T locus, in the dominant genetic model there was a significant difference between TT vs. CC + CT genotypes that significantly had a protective role against periodontitis disease with a value of 0.38 (95% CI 0.16-0.90, p = 0.02). Also, the analysis of results showed a significant positive association between the distribution of IL-8 - 845 T/C alleles and the risk of periodontitis disease (χ² = 6.2, p = 0.01) that presence of C allele of IL-8 - 845 increased the risk of periodontitis disease by 9.08-fold [OR 9.08 (95% CI 1.14-72.12, p = 0.03)]. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a positive association between distribution of IL-8 - 845 T/C alleles and risk of periodontitis disease.

IL-8 Gene Variants and Expression in Childhood Asthma

PURPOSE

To examine the IL-8 expression levels and association of genetic variants with the risk of childhood persistent asthma prognosis.

METHODS

Overall, 170 asthmatic children and 170 healthy controls were included in this case-control study. The human IL-8 serum levels were measured using ELISA. The IL-8 mRNA expression levels were assessed by a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods.

RESULTS

The IL-8 expression at both protein and mRNA levels was found to be significantly elevated in asthmatic children compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.0001, P = 0.004; respectively). Higher levels of IL-8 mRNA are detected in subjects with moderate to severe asthma. The presence of IL8-251 A/T (rs4073) and + 781C/T (rs2227306) polymorphisms was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma (P = 0.002, P = 0.036, respectively). In addition, we noted a significant association between these polymorphisms and an elevated risk of atopic asthma (P < 0.05). For rs2227306 SNP, the highest median level of IgE was detected for the presence of TT genotype (865 ± 99.74 IU/mL). Although, the rs4073 polymorphism conferred a higher risk to develop asthma at an advanced stage of severity (P = 0.008). The rs4073 T and rs2227306 C alleles are considered as risk factors for asthma development. The rs4073 T allele is represented also as a risk factor for asthma severity in Tunisian children.

CONCLUSIONS

Both IL-8 gene and protein expression may play a key role in asthma pathogenesis.

The Association of Chemokine Gene Polymorphisms with VKH and Behcet's Disease in a Chinese Han Population

To investigate the association of chemokine gene polymorphisms and Behcet's disease (BD) and Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH) disease in a Chinese Han population. A case-control study was performed. Three hundred and seventy-one BD patients, 371 VKH disease patients, and 605 healthy controls were recruited to determine genetic variants of 26 SNPs in 12 chemokine genes with iPLEX Gold genotyping assay and Sequenom MassARRAY or TaqMan SNP assays. In this study, P_uncorr values showed a weak association of five SNPs of five genes in BD and three SNPs of three genes in VKH disease. However, after Bonferroni correction, the 26 investigated SNPs showed no significant differences in genetic variants, including genotype and allele frequencies, between BD or VKH disease patients and healthy individuals. Haplotype analysis for the chemokine genes showed a significant association with the TC haplotype of CXCL12 in VKH. Stratified gender analysis and genotype-phenotype analysis were conducted to analyze the association of the 26 SNPs of 12 chemokine genes with BD and VKH disease. However, no significant association was observed after Bonferroni correction. This study showed no association of 26 SNPs in 12 chemokine genes with both BD and VKH disease in a Chinese Han population.