1
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Greatbatch CJ, Lu Q, Hung S, Tran SN, Wing K, Liang H, Han X, Zhou T, Siggs OM, Mackey DA, Liu GS, Cook AL, Powell JE, Craig JE, MacGregor S, Hewitt AW. Deep Learning-Based Identification of Intraocular Pressure-Associated Genes Influencing Trabecular Meshwork Cell Morphology. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100504. [PMID: 38682030 PMCID: PMC11046128 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Genome-wide association studies have recently uncovered many loci associated with variation in intraocular pressure (IOP). Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to interrogate the effect of specific genetic knockouts on the morphology of trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) and thus, IOP regulation. Design Experimental study. Subjects Primary TMCs collected from human donors. Methods Sixty-two genes at 55 loci associated with IOP variation were knocked out in primary TMC lines. All cells underwent high-throughput microscopy imaging after being stained with a 5-channel fluorescent cell staining protocol. A convolutional neural network was trained to distinguish between gene knockout and normal control cell images. The area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) metric was used to quantify morphological variation in gene knockouts to identify potential pathological perturbations. Main Outcome Measures Degree of morphological variation as measured by deep learning algorithm accuracy of differentiation from normal controls. Results Cells where LTBP2 or BCAS3 had been perturbed demonstrated the greatest morphological variation from normal TMCs (AUC 0.851, standard deviation [SD] 0.030; and AUC 0.845, SD 0.020, respectively). Of 7 multigene loci, 5 had statistically significant differences in AUC (P < 0.05) between genes, allowing for pathological gene prioritization. The mitochondrial channel most frequently showed the greatest degree of morphological variation (33.9% of cell lines). Conclusions We demonstrate a robust method for functionally interrogating genome-wide association signals using high-throughput microscopy and AI. Genetic variations inducing marked morphological variation can be readily identified, allowing for the gene-based dissection of loci associated with complex traits. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J. Greatbatch
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Qinyi Lu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sandy Hung
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Son N. Tran
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kristof Wing
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Helena Liang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xikun Han
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Owen M. Siggs
- Cellular Genomics Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cook
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Oatts JT, Shen S, Zhu H, Gong Q, Yu Y, Ying GS, Han Y, Liu H. A Prospective Study of the Effects of General Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Children. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100455. [PMID: 38313401 PMCID: PMC10837640 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of general anesthesia on intraocular pressure (IOP) in children with no intraocular pathology and determine which postanesthetic time point is most predictive of preinduction IOP. Design Prospective observational study. Participants Children with no intraocular pathology ≤ 18 years scheduled for general anesthesia as part of their routine care followed by a pediatric ophthalmologist at Nanjing Medical University. Methods Participants underwent a standardized general anesthetic protocol using a mask induction with sevoflurane and propofol maintenance. Intraocular pressure was measured at the following 7 time points: preinduction (taken in the preoperative area), postinduction minutes 1, 3, and 5, and postairway placement minutes 1, 3, and 5 for a total time period of 10 minutes after induction. A generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the effect of anesthesia on IOP and the effect of patient factors (age, gender, vital signs, and airway type) on preanesthetic and postanesthetic IOP. An IOP prediction model was developed using the postanesthesia IOP measurements for predicting preinduction IOP. Main Outcome Measures Intraocular pressure and change in IOP at prespecified time points. Results Eighty-five children were enrolled with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 7.5 ± 2.9 years. Mean ± SD preinduction IOP was 20.1 ± 3.7 mmHg. Overall, IOP was lowest at 3 minutes postinduction, decreased to a mean of 13.4 ± 3.7 mmHg (P < 0.001). After this, IOP rose 5 minutes postinduction to 16.5 ± 4.2 mmHg, which did not reach preinduction IOP levels (P < 0.001). The IOP prediction model showed that combining 1 minute postinduction and 3 minutes postairway was most predictive (R2 = 0.13), whereas 1 minute postairway was least predictive of preinduction IOP (R2 = 0.01). Conclusions After the induction of general anesthesia in children, IOP temporarily decreases with a trough at 3 minutes postinduction before increasing and remaining stable just below preinduction levels. Intraocular pressure measurements taken 1 minute after induction with 3 minutes after airway placement are most predictive of preinduction IOP, though predictive value is relatively low. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius T. Oatts
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shiya Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinxi Yu
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gui-shuang Ying
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Gao XR, Chiariglione M, Choquet H, Arch AJ. 10 Years of GWAS in intraocular pressure. Front Genet 2023; 14:1130106. [PMID: 37124618 PMCID: PMC10130654 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1130106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. In this review, we summarize the findings of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of IOP published in the past 10 years and prior to December 2022. Over 190 genetic loci and candidate genes associated with IOP have been uncovered through GWASs, although most of these studies were conducted in subjects of European and Asian ancestries. We also discuss how these common variants have been used to derive polygenic risk scores for predicting IOP and glaucoma, and to infer causal relationship with other traits and conditions through Mendelian randomization. Additionally, we summarize the findings from a recent large-scale exome-wide association study (ExWAS) that identified rare variants associated with IOP in 40 novel genes, six of which are drug targets for clinical treatment or are being evaluated in clinical trials. Finally, we discuss the need for future genetic studies of IOP to include individuals from understudied populations, including Latinos and Africans, in order to fully characterize the genetic architecture of IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Raymond Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marion Chiariglione
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Alexander J. Arch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Chern KJ, Nettesheim ER, Reid CA, Li NW, Marcoe GJ, Lipinski DM. Prostaglandin-based rAAV-mediated glaucoma gene therapy in Brown Norway rats. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1169. [PMID: 36329259 PMCID: PMC9633612 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin analogs are first-line treatments for open angle glaucoma and while effective at lowering intraocular pressure, they are undermined by patient non-compliance, causing atrophy of the optic nerve and severe visual impairment. Herein, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector-mediated gene therapy aimed at permanently lowering intraocular pressure through de novo biosynthesis of prostaglandin F2α within the anterior chamber. This study demonstrated a dose dependent reduction in intraocular pressure in normotensive Brown Norway rats maintained over 12-months. Crucially, therapy could be temporarily halted through off-type riboswitch activation, reverting intraocular pressure to normal. Longitudinal multimodal imaging, electrophysiology, and post-mortem histology revealed the therapy was well tolerated at low and medium doses, with no major adverse effects to anterior chamber health, offering a promising alternative to current treatment strategies leading to clinically relevant reductions in intraocular pressure without the need for adherence to a daily treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J Chern
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Emily R Nettesheim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher A Reid
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nathan W Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gavin J Marcoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel M Lipinski
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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5
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Wang Z, Wiggs JL, Aung T, Khawaja AP, Khor CC. The genetic basis for adult onset glaucoma: Recent advances and future directions. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101066. [PMID: 35589495 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma, a diverse group of eye disorders that results in the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, is the world's leading cause of irreversible blindness. Apart from age and ancestry, the major risk factor for glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the anterior chamber angle is open but there is resistance to aqueous outflow. In primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), crowding of the anterior chamber angle due to anatomical alterations impede aqueous drainage through the angle. In exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma, deposition of white flaky material throughout the anterior chamber directly interfere with aqueous outflow. Observational studies have established that there is a strong hereditable component for glaucoma onset and progression. Indeed, a succession of genome wide association studies (GWAS) that were centered upon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have yielded more than a hundred genetic markers associated with glaucoma risk. However, a shortcoming of GWAS studies is the difficulty in identifying the actual effector genes responsible for disease pathogenesis. Building on the foundation laid by GWAS studies, research groups have recently begun to perform whole exome-sequencing to evaluate the contribution of protein-changing, coding sequence genetic variants to glaucoma risk. The adoption of this technology in both large population-based studies as well as family studies are revealing the presence of novel, protein-changing genetic variants that could enrich our understanding of the pathogenesis of glaucoma. This review will cover recent advances in the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma, which collectively make up the vast majority of all glaucoma cases in the world today. We will discuss how recent advances in research methodology have uncovered new risk genes, and how follow up biological investigations could be undertaken in order to define how the risk encoded by a genetic sequence variant comes into play in patients. We will also hypothesise how data arising from characterising these genetic variants could be utilized to predict glaucoma risk and the manner in which new therapeutic strategies might be informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxun Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tin Aung
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
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Birgul R, Turan G. Comparison of Changes in Eye Findings of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women. Cureus 2021; 13:e14319. [PMID: 33968529 PMCID: PMC8101510 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to compare the presence of blepharitis, ocular tension (OT) with corneal thickness, refractive values and ocular axial length changes in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Materials and methods Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestradiol (E2), refractive values with prolactin, refractions in horizontal and vertical meridians, OT values, ocular axial length, central corneal thickness and the presence of blepharitis were evaluated in 153 premenopausal patients and 142 postmenopausal patients. Results Statistically significant differences were found for the values for right eye OT (P < 0.001), left eye OT (P < 0.001) and presence of blepharitis. There appears to be no relationship between corneal refractive values corneal thickness or ocular axial length. Conclusions Woman in postmenopausal period should be examined by ophthalmologist because of the significant increase in blepharitis and OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Birgul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ministry of Health Kirikhan State Hospital, Hatay, TUR
| | - Gokce Turan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University, School of Medicine, Ankara, TUR
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7
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Canaloplasty in the Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Review of Patient Selection and Outcomes. Adv Ther 2019; 36:31-43. [PMID: 30488337 PMCID: PMC6318242 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Canaloplasty is a relatively new non-penetrating surgery for the reduction of intraocular pressure in patients affected by glaucoma. The technique uses a microcatheter to perform a 360 º cannulation of Schlemm’s canal and leaves in place a tension suture providing an inward distension. It aims to restore the physiological outflow pathways of the aqueous humour and is independent of external wound healing. Several studies have shown that canaloplasty is effective in reducing intraocular pressure and has a low rate of complications, especially compared with trabeculectomy, the gold standard for glaucoma surgery. Currently, canaloplasty is indicated in patients with open-angle glaucoma, having a mild to moderate disease, and the combination with cataract phacoemulsification may provide further intraocular pressure reduction. This article reviews canaloplasty indications, results and complications and analyses its outcomes compared with traditional penetrating and non-penetrating techniques.
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8
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Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary risk factor for developing glaucoma, yet little is known about the contribution of genomic background to IOP regulation. The present study leverages an array of systems genetics tools to study genomic factors modulating normal IOP in the mouse. The BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strain set was used to identify genomic loci modulating IOP. We measured the IOP in a total of 506 eyes from 38 different strains. Strain averages were subjected to conventional quantitative trait analysis by means of composite interval mapping. Candidate genes were defined, and immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used for validation. Of the 38 BXD strains examined the mean IOP ranged from a low of 13.2mmHg to a high of 17.1mmHg. The means for each strain were used to calculate a genome wide interval map. One significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) was found on Chr.8 (96 to 103 Mb). Within this 7 Mb region only 4 annotated genes were found: Gm15679, Cdh8, Cdh11 and Gm8730. Only two genes (Cdh8 and Cdh11) were candidates for modulating IOP based on the presence of non-synonymous SNPs. Further examination using SIFT (Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant) analysis revealed that the SNPs in Cdh8 (Cadherin 8) were predicted to not change protein function; while the SNPs in Cdh11 (Cadherin 11) would not be tolerated, affecting protein function. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CDH11 is expressed in the trabecular meshwork of the mouse. We have examined the genomic regulation of IOP in the BXD RI strain set and found one significant QTL on Chr. 8. Within this QTL, there is one good candidate gene, Cdh11.
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HUANG XIAOBO, XIAO XUESHAN, JIA XIAOYUN, LI SHIQIANG, LI MIAOLING, GUO XIANGMING, LIU XING, ZHANG QINGJIONG. Mutation analysis of the genes associated with anterior segment dysgenesis, microcornea and microphthalmia in 257 patients with glaucoma. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1111-7. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Romano GL, Platania CBM, Forte S, Salomone S, Drago F, Bucolo C. MicroRNA target prediction in glaucoma. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 220:217-40. [PMID: 26497793 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the industrialized countries. The aim of this study is to investigate microRNA (miRNA) regulation in glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases, that share similar pathways, by means of in silico approaches such as bibliographic search and access to bioinformatic resources. First of all, data mining was carried out on Human miRNA Disease Database (HMDD) and miR2Disease databases. Then, predictions of deregulated miRNAs were carried out accessing to microrna.org database. Finally, the potential combinatorial effect of miRNAs, on regulation of biochemical pathways, was studied by an enrichment analysis performed by DIANA-miRPath v.2.0. We found, from literature search, 8 deregulated miRNAs in glaucoma and 9 and 23 in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. One miRNA is commonly deregulated in glaucoma and AMD (miR-23a). Two miRNAs (miR-29a, miR-29b) are common to glaucoma and AD, and four miRNAs were identified to be commonly deregulated in AMD and AD (miR-9, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-146a). The match of the miRNA common to glaucoma and the other two neurodegenerative diseases (AMD and AD) did not generate any output. Enrichment of information has been reached through miRNAs prediction: 88 predicted miRNAs are common to glaucoma and AMD, 19 are common to glaucoma and AD, and 9 are common to AMD and AD. Indeed, predicted miRNAs common to the three neurodegenerative diseases are nine (miR-107, miR-137, miR-146a, miR-181c, miR-197, miR-21, miR-22, miR-590, miR-9). DIANA-miRPath predicted that those nine miRNAs might regulate pathways involved in inflammation. The findings hereby obtained provide a valuable hint to assess deregulation of specific miRNA, as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, in glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases by means of preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Quaranta L, Riva I, Katsanos A, Floriani I, Centofanti M, Konstas AGP. Safety and efficacy of travoprost solution for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:633-43. [PMID: 25914522 PMCID: PMC4401333 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s61444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Travoprost is a prostaglandin analogue widely used for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients affected with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It exerts its ocular hypotensive effect through the prostaglandin FP receptors, located in the ciliary muscle and the trabecular meshwork. Several studies have shown that topical administration of travoprost induces a mean IOP reduction ranging from 25% to 32%, and sustained throughout the 24-hour cycle. When compared with timolol, travoprost is more effective at reducing IOP, while generally no difference has been found in the head-to-head comparison with other prostaglandin analogues. The fixed combination of travoprost and timolol has demonstrated a hypotensive efficacy comparable to the concomitant administration of the two drugs. Recently, a new preservative-free formulation of travoprost 0.004% has been marketed for reducing tolerability-related problems in subjects affected with ocular surface disease. Low rates of topical and systemic adverse reactions, strong ocular hypotensive efficacy, and once-a-day dosing make travoprost a first-line treatment for patients affected with elevated IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Quaranta
- Centre for the Study of Glaucoma, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ivano Riva
- Centre for the Study of Glaucoma, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andreas Katsanos
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Irene Floriani
- Laboratory of Clinical Research, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anastasios G P Konstas
- Glaucoma Unit, 1st University Department of Ophthalmology, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Ahonen SJ, Kaukonen M, Nussdorfer FD, Harman CD, Komáromy AM, Lohi H. A novel missense mutation in ADAMTS10 in Norwegian Elkhound primary glaucoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111941. [PMID: 25372548 PMCID: PMC4221187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary glaucoma is one of the most common causes of irreversible blindness both in humans and in dogs. Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy affecting the retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve, and elevated intraocular pressure is commonly associated with the disease. Glaucoma is broadly classified into primary open angle (POAG), primary closed angle (PCAG) and primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Human glaucomas are genetically heterogeneous and multiple loci have been identified. Glaucoma affects several dog breeds but only three loci and one gene have been implicated so far. We have investigated the genetics of primary glaucoma in the Norwegian Elkhound (NE). We established a small pedigree around the affected NEs collected from Finland, US and UK and performed a genome-wide association study with 9 cases and 8 controls to map the glaucoma gene to 750 kb region on canine chromosome 20 (praw = 4.93×10−6, pgenome = 0.025). The associated region contains a previously identified glaucoma gene, ADAMTS10, which was subjected to mutation screening in the coding regions. A fully segregating missense mutation (p.A387T) in exon 9 was found in 14 cases and 572 unaffected NEs (pFisher = 3.5×10−27) with a high carrier frequency (25.3%). The mutation interrupts a highly conserved residue in the metalloprotease domain of ADAMTS10, likely affecting its functional capacity. Our study identifies the genetic cause of primary glaucoma in NEs and enables the development of a genetic test for breeding purposes. This study establishes also a new spontaneous canine model for glaucoma research to study the ADAMTS10 biology in optical neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija J. Ahonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Kaukonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Forrest D. Nussdorfer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christine D. Harman
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - András M. Komáromy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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