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Zhuang Y, Zhang R, Li M, Zou Y, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Liu S, Yu B. A Novel Ectodysplasin a Gene mutation of X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1505-1517. [PMID: 38952411 PMCID: PMC11215660 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s451125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder that influences structures of ectodermal origin, such as teeth, hair, and sweat glands. Compared with autosomal recessive and dominant modes of inheritance, the X-linked HED (XLHED) characterized by Hypodontia/Oligodontia teeth, Absent/sparse hair, Anhidrosis/hypohidrosis, and characteristic facial features, is the most frequent and its primary cause is the mutation of ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene. This research aimed to expound the clinical and molecular features of a Chinese male with XLHED and to summarize and compare several previous findings. Methods Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of the proband and his family members, then Sanger sequencing was used to perform a mutational analysis of EDA. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect EDA expression. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was detected using a luciferase assay. Results The probandwith XLHED was identified a novel EDA mutation, c.1119G>C(p.M373I), that affected the molecular analysis of transmembrane protein exon8 mutations, inherited from the mother. He showed a severe multiple-tooth loss, with over 20 permanent teeth missing and sparse hair and eyebrows, dry, thin, and itching skin. Furthermore, his sweating function was abnormal to a certain extent. Discussion The functional study showed that this novel mutant led to a significant decrease in the EDA expression level and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Our findings extend the range of EDA mutations in XLHED patients, which provides the basis and idea for further exploring the pathogenesis of XLHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhuang
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- dermatological department, Women and Children’s hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaru Zou
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shui Jiang
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Bosticardo M, Yamazaki Y, Cowan J, Giardino G, Corsino C, Scalia G, Prencipe R, Ruffner M, Hill DA, Sakovich I, Yemialyanava I, Tam JS, Padem N, Elder ME, Sleasman JW, Perez E, Niebur H, Seroogy CM, Sharapova S, Gebbia J, Kleiner GI, Peake J, Abbott JK, Gelfand EW, Crestani E, Biggs C, Butte MJ, Hartog N, Hayward A, Chen K, Heimall J, Seeborg F, Bartnikas LM, Cooper MA, Pignata C, Bhandoola A, Notarangelo LD. Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:549-561. [PMID: 31447097 PMCID: PMC6731368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXN1 is the master regulatory gene of thymic epithelium development. FOXN1 deficiency leads to thymic aplasia, alopecia, and nail dystrophy, accounting for the nude/severe combined immunodeficiency (nu/SCID) phenotype in humans and mice. We identified several newborns with low levels of T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and T cell lymphopenia at birth, who carried heterozygous loss-of-function FOXN1 variants. Longitudinal analysis showed persistent T cell lymphopenia during infancy, often associated with nail dystrophy. Adult individuals with heterozygous FOXN1 variants had in most cases normal CD4+ but lower than normal CD8+ cell counts. We hypothesized a FOXN1 gene dosage effect on the function of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and thymopoiesis and postulated that these effects would be more prominent early in life. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed TEC subset frequency and phenotype, early thymic progenitor (ETP) cell count, and expression of FOXN1 target genes (Ccl25, Cxcl12, Dll4, Scf, Psmb11, Prss16, and Cd83) in Foxn1nu/+ (nu/+) mice and age-matched wild-type (+/+) littermate controls. Both the frequency and the absolute count of ETP were significantly reduced in nu/+ mice up to 3 weeks of age. Analysis of the TEC compartment showed reduced expression of FOXN1 target genes and delayed maturation of the medullary TEC compartment in nu/+ mice. These observations establish a FOXN1 gene dosage effect on thymic function and identify FOXN1 haploinsufficiency as an important genetic determinant of T cell lymphopenia at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Cowan
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Cristina Corsino
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giulia Scalia
- Laboratory of Clinical research and Advanced Diagnostics, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Rosaria Prencipe
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Melanie Ruffner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Inga Sakovich
- Immunology Lab, Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Minsk 223053, Belarus
| | - Irma Yemialyanava
- Immunology Lab, Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Minsk 223053, Belarus
| | - Jonathan S Tam
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Nurcicek Padem
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Melissa E Elder
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John W Sleasman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Elena Perez
- Allergy Associates of the Palm Beaches, North Palm Beach, FL 33408, USA
| | - Hana Niebur
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Christine M Seroogy
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Svetlana Sharapova
- Immunology Lab, Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Minsk 223053, Belarus
| | - Jennifer Gebbia
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gary Ira Kleiner
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jane Peake
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Allergy, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, University of Queensland School of Medicine, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Jordan K Abbott
- Immunodeficiency Diagnosis and Treatment Program, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Immunodeficiency Diagnosis and Treatment Program, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Elena Crestani
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine Biggs
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Manish J Butte
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas Hartog
- Spectrum Health Allergy and Immunology, Grand Rapids, MI 49525, USA
| | - Anthony Hayward
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Karin Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jennifer Heimall
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Filiz Seeborg
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology & Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa M Bartnikas
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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