Increased cardiac troponin T levels are related to inflammatory markers and various indices of renal function in chronic renal disease patients

Diagnostic value of high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in dialysis patients with myocardial infarction

Background

As a sensitive diagnostic marker for myocardial infarction (MI) in people with normal renal function, elevated high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) was often found in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients requiring dialysis. However, the accuracy of baseline hs-cTnT in the diagnosis of MI (including Type 1 MI (T1MI) and Type 2 MI (T2MI)) in dialysis patients is still controversial. The aim of this study was to retrospectively explore whether there were any clinical indices that could increase the predictive value of hs-cTnT on admission for MI occurrence in dialysis patients.

Methods

Here, 136 patients with uremia who underwent regular dialysis with coronary angiography in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2017 to October 2021 were enrolled. According to the coronary angiography results and the presence of clinical symptoms, the patients were divided into: (1). AMI group (n = 69; angiography positive) and Control group (n = 67; angiography negative); (2). T1MI group (n = 69; angiography positive), T2MI group (n = 7; angiography negative & symptomatic), and Control group (n = 60; angiography negative & asymptomatic).

Results

Here, we found the mean hs-cTnT on admission in the Control group was much lower than that in the AMI group. Hs-cTnT alone had a mediocre predictive performance, with an AUROC of 0.7958 (95% CI: 0.7220, 0.8696). Moreover, the ROC curve of hs-cTnT combined with the Triglyceride (TG), Time of dialysis, and Albumin (Alb) showed a higher sensitivity area [0.9343 (95% CI: 0.8901, 0.9786)] than that of single hs-cTnT. Next, hs-cTnT combined with the TG, Time of dialysis, and Alb also presented a better performance in predicting T1MI [0.9150 (95% CI: 0.8678, 0.9621)] or T2MI (0.9167 [0.9167 (95% CI: 0.8427, 0.9906)] occurrences. Last, these combined variables could better distinguish patient between T1MI and T2MI group than hs-cTnT alone.

Conclusions

On admission, a combination of hs-cTnT, TG, Time of dialysis, and Alb presented a higher sensitivity than hs-cTnT alone in predicting MI occurrence in dialysis patients, suggesting a better diagnostic approach for future clinical applications.

Elevation of Highly Sensitive Cardiac Troponin T Among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Without Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background

In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), troponin T concentrations can be elevated even without cardiac ischaemia, which hampers the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The objectives of our study were to determine the proportion of dialysisdependent ESRD patients without acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but with highly sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels above the 99th percentile upper reference limit and to evaluate the range of hs-cTnT among this population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the haemodialysis (HD) unit of a tertiary hospital in Malaysia from January 2018 to February 2019. Dialysis-dependent ESRD patients were included and those with a recent history of ACS (within 30 days) were excluded. Pre-dialysed serum hs-cTnT levels were measured using Cobas e411. The upper limit of the 99th percentile value for troponin T was 14 ng/L.

Results

A total of 150 patients were recruited as study participants. The majority were female (62%) and of Malay ethnicity (94%), and the mean (SD) age was 45.19 (16.36) years old. The hs-cTnT range (min, max) was 11.39–738.30 ng/L and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) of hs-cTnT was 59.20 (83.41) ng/L. Elevated hs-cTnT levels were observed in 149/150 (99%) of the study participants (54/55 [98.2%] of the patients were on HD, and 95/95 [100.0%] of the patients were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis).

Conclusion

This study supports prior research showing that even without ACS, most ESRD patients have elevated concentrations of cardiac troponin. Furthermore, our study illustrates the need to revisit the use of absolute troponin values when making a diagnosis of ACS in ESRD patients.

Assessed value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T for cardiovascular disease among CKD patients

Objective To analyze the relationship between serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and to further explore its value of evaluating and predicting CVD in this population. Methods Five hundred and fifty-seven non-dialysis CKD patients were involved in this cross-sectional study. The relationship between serum hs-cTnT and CVD was analyzed using comparison between groups and regression analysis, and its value on assessing cardiac structure and function was evaluated by ROC curves. Results Median level of hs-cTnT was 13 (7-29) ng/L, with 1.7% undetectable, 46.4% greater than 99th percentile of the general population. Multivariate analysis suggested that compared with the lowest quartile of hs-cTnT, the highest quartile was approximately six times as likely to develop into LVH (OR, 6.515; 95% CI, 3.478-12.206, p < 0.05) and 18 times as likely to progress to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction(OR, 18.741; 95% CI, 2.422-145.017, p < 0.05). And Ln cTnT level had a more modest association with LVEF (OR, -1.117; 95% CI, -5.839 to -0.594; p < 0.05). When evaluated as a screening test, the area under the curve of ROC curves for hs-cTnT was 0.718, 0.788 and 0.736, respectively (p < 0.05). With a specificity of 90% as a diagnostic criterion, the value of hs-cTnT to evaluate LVH, LVEF < 50%, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction increased across CKD stages, from CKD 1 stage to CKD 5 stage. Conclusions In CKD non-dialysis population, hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were valuable for evaluating LVH, left ventricular systolic dysfunction and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

[Effect of diabetes on the relation between troponin T and inflammatory markers in patients on hemodialysis]

INTRODUCTION

Cardiac troponin T in renal failure is used for the assessment of cardiovascular risk and mortality. Elevated cardiac troponin T levels correlate with subclinical myocardial necrosis, coronary heart disease, several echocardiographic parameters, metastatic calcification, as well as the presence of diabetes and uremic toxins.

AIM

The aim of the authors was to examine the impact of factors, mainly the independent effects of inflammatory laboratory parameters, which may influence hypersensitive troponin T levels in hemodialysed patient groups with and without diabetes.

METHOD

Hemodialysed patient groups with (n = 44) and without diabetes (n = 76) were studied. Difference in serum hypersensitive troponin T values before and after dialysis were analysed by paired Wilcoxon test. Factors possibly affecting the level of hypersensitive troponin T (especially inflammatory markers) were evaluated by multiregression analysis.

RESULTS

Hypersensitive troponin T levels in patients without diabetes (p = 0.0003) and those with diabetes (p = 0.0032) significantly increased during hemodialysis. In patients without diabetes several factors had significant effect on hypersensitive troponin T including age (p = 0.025), duration of hemodialysis (p = 0.0002), presence of cardiovascular complications (p = 0.0002), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.0021), white blood cell count (p = 0.038), and the monocyte ratio (p = 0.0202). However, in patients with diabetes only high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.0024) showed association with hypersensitive troponin T levels.

CONCLUSIONS

In hemodyalised patients with and without diabetes the hypersensitive troponin T levels are differently influenced by clinical and inflammatory laboratory parameters, which should be taken into consideration during clinical judgement.

Differences in prostate cancer detection rates according to the level of glomerular filtration rate in patients with prostate specific antigen levels of 4.0-10.0 ng/ml

AIMS

To investigate differences in prostate cancer detection rates according to the level of glomerular filtration rates (GFR).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of 4.0-10.0 ng/ml were analysed. Age, serum creatinine, estimated GFR, body mass index, total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), per cent free PSA (%fPSA), comorbidities, biopsy Gleason sum and per cent positive core were retrospectively reviewed. All parameters were compared to show whether patients with GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (group A) have higher risk of prostate cancer than patients with GFR ≥ 60 (group B). The primary endpoint was cancer detection rate and the secondary endpoints were differences in mean tPSA, fPSA, %fPSA and pathologic outcomes.

RESULTS

  A total of 1092 men (243 cancer patients) were included. Mean age was 65.8 ± 7.7 years. No differences in mean age and tPSA were found between groups A and B. Mean fPSA, %fPSA and cancer detection rate were significantly higher in group A than group B. The incidence of %fPSA <25% was significantly lower in group A than in group B. GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) , fPSA and %fPSA <25% were significant predictors for the presence of prostate cancer in patients with tPSA between 4 and 10 ng/ml. However, %fPSA <25% was not a significant predictor for group A.

CONCLUSIONS

  Because of the increased cancer detection rates in patients with CKD of stage ≥ 3 whose tPSA levels are 4.0-10.0 ng/ml, performing prostate biopsy should be actively considered in patients with CKD.

Relation of triiodothyronine to subclinical myocardial injury in patients with chest pain

Heart dysfunctions have been shown to be associated with altered concentrations of thyroid hormones. However, the relation between thyroid hormones and subclinical myocardial injury in those without clinically apparent coronary heart disease is not well-established. We examined the correlation between altered levels of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, and triiodothyronine (T3) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in 250 patients (mean age 60 years; 42% men) with chest pain, who were free of coronary heart disease and heart failure. These patients were examined in the emergency room or outpatient department of the cardiovascular center of Chosun University Hospital. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. The baseline values of T3 were associated with elevated hs-cTnT levels (r = -0.428, p <0.001), a significantly negative correlation. We did not observe any significant correlation between the thyrotropin or free thyroxine and hs-cTnT levels. When the T3 cutoff was set at 74.6 ng/dl using the receiver operating characteristic curve, the sensitivity and specificity was 70% and 69%, respectively, for differentiating between groups with and without myocardial injury. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, the odds ratio for an elevated hs-cTnT level (≥0.014 ng/ml) for patients with T3 <74.6 ng/dl was 6.95 (95% confidence interval 3.09 to 15.66) compared to patients with T3 ≥74.6 ng/dl. In conclusion, the T3 levels were negatively related to hs-cTnT levels among patients without clinically obvious coronary heart disease.

Cardiorenal biomarkers in acute heart failure

Managing patients with heart failure (HF) is a challenging task within itself, but the presence of associated worsening renal function can greatly increase mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to prevent re-hospitalizations and reduce healthcare costs. Biomarkers have long been established as highly sensitive and specific tools in diagnosing and prognosticating patients with HF. Reflecting distinct pathophysiological events and ongoing cellular insult, biomarkers have been proven superior to conventional laboratory tests. Availability of better assays and rapid analysis has allowed the use of biomarkers as point-of-care tests in the emergency department and at the patient's bed-side. Acute HF patients often go on to develop worsening renal function, termed as acute cardiorenal syndrome. The growing breadth of studies has shown the implications of combining multiple biomarkers to better chart outcomes and produce desirable results in such patients.