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Brezovec N, Kojc N, Erman A, Hladnik M, Stergar J, Milanič M, Tomšič M, Čučnik S, Sodin-Šemrl S, Perše M, Lakota K. Molecular and Cellular Markers in Chlorhexidine-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2726. [PMID: 36359246 PMCID: PMC9687430 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the tissue changes and molecular mechanisms of preclinical models is essential for creating an optimal experimental design for credible translation into clinics. In our study, a chlorhexidine (CHX)-induced mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis was used to analyze histological and molecular/cellular alterations induced by 1 and 3 weeks of intraperitoneal CHX application. CHX treatment for 1 week already caused injury, degradation, and loss of mesothelial cells, resulting in local inflammation, with the most severe structural changes occurring in the peritoneum around the ventral parts of the abdominal wall. The local inflammatory response in the abdominal wall showed no prominent differences between 1 and 3 weeks. We observed an increase in polymorphonuclear cells in the blood but no evidence of systemic inflammation as measured by serum levels of serum amyloid A and interleukin-6. CHX-induced fibrosis in the abdominal wall was more pronounced after 3 weeks, but the gene expression of fibrotic markers did not change over time. Complement system molecules were strongly expressed in the abdominal wall of CHX-treated mice. To conclude, both histological and molecular changes were already present in week 1, allowing examination at the onset of fibrosis. This is crucial information for refining further experiments and limiting the amount of unnecessary animal suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Brezovec
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kojc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Erman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Hladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Jošt Stergar
- Reactor Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Milanič
- Reactor Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Complex Matter, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Tomšič
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Čučnik
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Snežna Sodin-Šemrl
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Martina Perše
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Cheng FY, Chiou YY, Hung SY, Lin TM, Wang HK, Lin CW, Liou HH, Chang MY, Wang HH, Lee YC. Novel Application of Magnetite Nanoparticle-Mediated Vitamin D3 Delivery for Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritoneal Damage. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2137-2146. [PMID: 33731995 PMCID: PMC7959003 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s291001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D3 is useful for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritoneal damage, but its side effects, such as hypercalcemia and vascular calcification, limit its applicability. Thus, we developed vitamin D-loaded magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and determined their therapeutic efficacy and side effects in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alginate-modified MNPs were combined with 1α, 25 (OH)2D3 to generate vitamin D-loaded nanoparticles. The particles were conjugated with an antibody against peritoneum-glycoprotein M6A (GPM6A). The particles' ability to target the peritoneum was examined following intraperitoneal administration to mice and by monitoring their bio-distribution. We also established a PD animal model to determine the therapeutic and side effects of vitamin D-loaded MNPs in vivo. RESULTS Vitamin D-loaded MNPs targeted the peritoneum better than vitamin D3, and had the same therapeutic effect as vitamin D3 in ameliorating peritoneal fibrosis and functional deterioration in a PD animal model. Most importantly, the particles reduced the side effects of vitamin D3, such as hypercalcemia and body weight loss, in mice. CONCLUSION Vitamin D-loaded MNPs could be an ideal future therapeutic option to treat PD-related peritoneal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Yu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yow Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Mei Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Kuang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Education, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hao Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Che Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Karaköse S, Bal AZ, Eser EP, Duranay M. The effect of rituximab on encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis in an experimental rat model. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1123-1130. [PMID: 32151122 PMCID: PMC7379417 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1911-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Peritoneal sclerosis may be observed in varied manifestations. However, the most serious form is the encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis. We researched the effect of rituximab on peritoneal fibrosis in an experimental rat model. Materials and methods Twenty-four Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups. During weeks 0–3; group I received isotonic saline (IS) solution, group II, group III, and group IV received chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. In the next 3 weeks nothing adminestred to both group I and group II but IS solution was adminestred to group III via i.p. route and 375 mg/m2/week rituximab was applied intravenously on days 21, 28, and 35 to group IV. Fibrosis, peritoneal thickness, and inflammation were evaluated. Immunohistochemical methods used for the detection of matrix MMP-2, TGF-β1, and VGEF expressions. Results The rituximab (group IV) had significantly lower fibrosis and peritoneal thickness scores than the group II and III (P < 0.001). TGF-β1 and VEGF expressions were significantly lower in the rituximab group than in the group II and III (P < 0.001).Conclusion: We found that rituximab had a significant effect on the peritoneal thickness, total fibrosis, TGF-β1 and VGEF scores which were induced by CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Karaköse
- Department of Nephrology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Zeynep Bal
- Department of Nephrology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eylem Pinar Eser
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Duranay
- Department of Nephrology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Ito Y, Kinashi H, Katsuno T, Suzuki Y, Mizuno M. Peritonitis-induced peritoneal injury models for research in peritoneal dialysis review of infectious and non-infectious models. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-017-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Betjes MGH, Habib MS, Struijk DG, Lopes Barreto D, Korte MR, Abrahams AC, Nagtzaam NMA, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Dik WA, Litjens NHR. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is associated with T-cell activation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:1568-76. [PMID: 25934991 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an excessive fibrotic response of the peritoneum that may occur after long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). The underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood, but involvement of peritoneal inflammatory T helper 1 cells may be pivotal. METHODS Soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sCD25) concentration was measured as a marker for T-cell activation in serum and ascites from EPS patients and various control patient groups. Peritoneal biopsies were stained for the presence of T cells, and T cells isolated from ascites of EPS patients were characterized in detail for differentiation status and cytokine expression. RESULTS Serum sCD25 concentrations are significantly and specifically increased in EPS patients compared with haemodialysis, PD and predialysis patients. Peritoneal effluent of stable PD patients contains very low levels of sCD25, while sCD25 levels in ascites of EPS patients are high and indicative of local production. In the years preceding the diagnosis of EPS, the serum sCD25 concentrations increased while remaining at stable levels in control PD patients. The peritoneum and ascites of EPS patients showed a significant influx of T cells with relatively increased numbers of CD4(+) T cells. These T cells were fully differentiated and displayed a T helper 1 cell type with a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile. CONCLUSIONS Increased serum sCD25 concentrations and peritoneal lymphocytosis in EPS patients indicate the involvement of activated T cells in the pathophysiology of excessive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meelad S Habib
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick G Struijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deirisa Lopes Barreto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario R Korte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alferso C Abrahams
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M A Nagtzaam
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem A Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kitamura M, Nishino T, Obata Y, Ozono Y, Koji T, Kohno S. New insights into therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis: learning from histochemical analyses of animal models. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:133-43. [PMID: 25392567 PMCID: PMC4164701 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a fatal complication that can occur in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis. It is characterized by bowel obstruction and marked sclerotic thickening of the peritoneal membrane. Although the mechanisms underlying the development of EPS are complex, angiogenesis, inflammation, and peritoneal fibrosis are known to be essential factors. Now, several animal models that exhibit EPS have pathophysiology similar to that of human EPS and have been proposed for use in research to provide insights into it. Recent histochemical methods also help us to understand the pathophysiology of EPS. Advances in basic research based on the findings in those animal models have enabled the development of several strategies for the prevention and treatment of EPS. We describe here interventional studies in some animal models for peritoneal fibrosis, one of the histological disorders findings characteristic to EPS, and we highlight the need for a sophisticated animal model that closely resembles human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineaki Kitamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1–7–1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1–7–1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoko Obata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1–7–1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Medical Education Development Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1–7–1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ozono
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1–7–1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1–12–4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1–7–1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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Xiong C, Liu N, Fang L, Zhuang S, Yan H. Suramin inhibits the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:373-82. [PMID: 25168661 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.215228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is one of the most serious complications in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is associated with the loss of peritoneal membrane ultrafiltration function. In this study, we investigated whether suramin, an inhibitor that blocks multiple growth factors by binding to their receptors, would prevent development of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model. Rats were given a daily intraperitoneal injection of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) for 3 weeks to induce peritoneal fibrosis. Administration of suramin at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg dose-dependently attenuated peritoneal membrane thickening and expression of collagen I, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin. Increased expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylation of Smad3 was detected in fibrotic peritoneum and inhibited by suramin treatment. Suramin was also effective in blocking CG-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (IκB) and nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65, expression of several inflammatory cytokines, and infiltration of macrophages in the peritoneum. Moreover, suramin suppressed angiogenesis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, a molecule associated with angiogenesis in the injured peritoneum. Therefore, our results indicate that suramin treatment can effectively alleviate the development of peritoneal fibrosis by suppression of TGF-β1 signaling, inflammation, and angiogenesis, and suggest that suramin may have therapeutic potential for prevention of peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
| | - Haidong Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.X., N.L., L.F., S.Z., H.Y.); and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (S.Z.)
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