1
|
Yan LJ. NADH/NAD + Redox Imbalance and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050730. [PMID: 34068842 PMCID: PMC8153586 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. If left untreated, DKD can advance to end stage renal disease that requires either dialysis or kidney replacement. While numerous mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of DKD, oxidative stress driven by NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction have been thought to be the major pathophysiological mechanism of DKD. In this review, the pathways that increase NADH generation and those that decrease NAD+ levels are overviewed. This is followed by discussion of the consequences of NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance including disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Approaches that can be applied to counteract DKD are then discussed, which include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and mimetics of superoxide dismutase, caloric restriction, plant/herbal extracts or their isolated compounds. Finally, the review ends by pointing out that future studies are needed to dissect the role of each pathway involved in NADH-NAD+ metabolism so that novel strategies to restore NADH/NAD+ redox balance in the diabetic kidney could be designed to combat DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding N, Wei B, Fu X, Wang C, Wu Y. Natural Products that Target the NLRP3 Inflammasome to Treat Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:591393. [PMID: 33390969 PMCID: PMC7773645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.591393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathway followed by different organs after injury, and it can lead to parenchymal scarring, cellular dysfunction, and even organ failure. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex composed of the sensor molecule NLRP3, the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and the effector protease caspase-1. Overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the abundant secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, induces pyroptosis, and promotes the release of a swathe of proinflammatory proteins, all of which contribute to fibrogenic processes in multiple organs. In recent years, screening bioactive natural compounds for NLRP3 inhibitors to alleviate fibrosis has gained broad interest from the scientific community because of the associated cost-effectiveness and easy access. In this review, we systematically and comprehensively summarize the natural products, including terpenoids, phenols, and alkaloids, among others, and the plant-derived crude extracts, that have been reported to ameliorate fibrosis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and highlight the underlying mechanisms. Among all the compounds, diterpenoids is the most promising candidates for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improving fibrosis, as they possess combined inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and NF-κB signaling pathway. All the information may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Research lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao X, Wang X, Lu L, Li X, Di R, He X, Hu W, Zeng X, Liu Q, Chu M. Expression and Functional Analysis of the BCL2-Associated Agonist of Cell Death ( BAD) Gene in the Sheep Ovary During the Reproductive Cycle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:512. [PMID: 30283401 PMCID: PMC6156460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ewes in China are seasonally polyestrous with normal ovulatory cycles, which is controlled by photoperiod (length of the daily light phase). These ewes are estrous in the short-day season and anestrus in the long-day season and cannot mate during anestrus. Thus seasonal breeding limits both diversification and intensification of production. If sheep can estrus all round year, it can be mated twice per year, which can greatly improve the economic benefits. To change seasonal estrus at the genetic level and cultivating new sheep breeds, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of seasonal breeding trait in sheep. The BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) gene being a regulator of cellular apoptosis was identified by our previous RNA-Seq, which is associated with follicular development in mammalian ovaries. However, the mechanism how BAD can regulate estrus in sheep was poorly understood. In this study, we characterized ovine BAD, including full-length mRNA cloning and protein sequence prediction, as well as BAD expression profile in Small-tailed Han (STH) sheep. The highest expression levels of BAD were observed in sheep hypothalamus, lung, and pituitary, while the lowest expression was in liver. Functional analysis of BAD was performed in primary granulosa cells of sheep. The concentration of P4 was significantly increased after RNAi interference of BAD, while P4 level was shown to be opposite after BAD overexpression in vitro. It has been found that BAD can reduce progesterone levels by promoting ovarian GC apoptosis, which might be involved in regulating the estrus cycle in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Life Science College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Bioengineering, Life Science College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Apocynin inhibited NLRP3/XIAP signalling to alleviate renal fibrotic injury in rat diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1325-1331. [PMID: 30119203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In this animal study, we tried to test the hypothesis that apocynin could play an anti-inflammation role by inhibiting NLRP3/X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) signalling and have an effect on antifibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy. MAIN METHODS Diabetic nephropathy rats were induced by tail-vein injection of streptozotocin at 60 mg/kg body weight in sodium citrate buffer (0.01 M, pH 4.5) with unrestricted access to food/water for 12 weeks, and rats with blood glucose levels above 18.0 mM were considered diabetic; the damage index for glomerular mesangial cells damage index was calculated by morphological examinations; protein and mRNA changes were analysed by western blotting immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; interstitial fibrosis was assessed and scored using Masson's staining. KEY FINDINGS In rats with diabetic nephropathy, apocynin (1) reduced renal injury and improved renal function; (2) downregulated the expression of NLRP3 in renal cortex; (3) downregulated the expression of XIAP in renal cortex; and (4) attenuated renal fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE As an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apocynin could downregulate the expression of NLRP3 and XIAP, and alleviate renal fibrosis, which meant not only that ROS was one type of ligands of NLRP3, but also that ROS mechanism and NLRP3 activation might be therapeutic targets in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in the future.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Chen F, Liang M, Chen S, Zhu Y, Zou Z, Shi B. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract attenuates varicocele‑induced testicular oxidative injury in rats by activating the Nrf2‑antioxidant system. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1799-1806. [PMID: 29138814 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) can attenuate varicocele‑induced testicular oxidative injury through the nuclear factor (erythroid‑derived 2)‑like 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway. A varicocele model in rats was established by partial ligation of the left renal vein. Following 4 weeks of GSPE administration, the decreased sperm count and motility and other pathological changes caused by varicocele were significantly alleviated, as indicated by the results of computer‑assisted sperm analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, the decreased antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activity and elevated oxidative stress level were partially reversed by administration of GSPE. Furthermore, the apoptotic level of the testis induced by varicocele was decreased by the GSPE treatment, according to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Additionally, the expression of apoptosis‑related proteins, including B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑like protein 4 and cleaved caspase‑3, were also affected by GSPE. GSPE activated Nrf2, which is a key antioxidative transcription factor, with elevation of the downstream factor hemeoxygenase‑1. These findings suggest that GSPE can ameliorate abnormal spermatogenesis and testicular injury in varicocele rats, potentially due to its antioxidative activity and ability to activate the Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Zhichuan Zou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease: the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 49:837-844. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
Oueslati N, Charradi K, Bedhiafi T, Limam F, Aouani E. Protective effect of grape seed and skin extract against diabetes-induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in virgin and pregnant rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:584-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
8
|
Adam SH, Giribabu N, Kassim N, Kumar KE, Brahmayya M, Arya A, Salleh N. Protective effect of aqueous seed extract of Vitis Vinifera against oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the pancreas of adult male rats with diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:439-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
9
|
Güçlü A, Erken HA, Erken G, Dodurga Y, Yay A, Özçoban Ö, Şimşek H, Akçılar A, Koçak FE. The effects of ozone therapy on caspase pathways, TNF-α, and HIF-1α in diabetic nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 48:441-50. [PMID: 26614261 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated apoptosis plays a vital role in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Ozone may attenuate diabetic nephropathy by means of decreased apoptosis-related genes. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of ozone therapy on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Also the histopathological changes in diabetic kidney tissue with ozone treatment were evaluated. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 7): control (C), ozone (O), diabetic (D), ozone-treated diabetic (DO), insulin-treated diabetic (DI), and ozone- and insulin-treated diabetic (DOI). D, DI, and DOI groups were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Ozone was given to the O, DO, and DOI groups. Group DI and DOI received subcutaneous (SC) insulin (3 IU). All animals received daily treatment for 6 weeks. RESULTS Expressions of caspase-1-3-9, HIF-1α, and TNF-α genes were significantly higher in D group compared to C group (p < 0.05 for all). Ozone treatment resulted in significant decrease in the expressions of these genes in diabetic kidney tissue compared to both C and D group (p < 0.05 for all). Caspase-1-3-9, HIF-1α, and TNF-α gene expressions were found to be lower in DOI group compared to C group (p < 0.05 for all). Also adding ozone treatment to insulin therapy resulted in more significantly decrease in the expressions of these genes in diabetic tissue compared to only insulin-treated diabetic group (p < 0.05 for all). Regarding histological changes, ozone treatment resulted in decrease in the renal corpuscular inflammation and normal kidney morphology was observed. Both insulin and ozone therapies apparently improved kidney histological findings with less degenerated tubules and less inflammation of renal corpuscle compared to D, DO, and DI groups. CONCLUSION Ozone therapy decreases the expressions of apoptotic genes in diabetic kidney tissue and improves the histopathological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Güçlü
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey.
| | - Haydar Ali Erken
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Gülten Erken
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Özge Özçoban
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hasan Şimşek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Aydın Akçılar
- Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Emel Koçak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, Kutahya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|