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Petrova MI, Lievens E, Verhoeven TLA, Macklaim JM, Gloor G, Schols D, Vanderleyden J, Reid G, Lebeer S. The lectin-like protein 1 in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 mediates tissue-specific adherence to vaginal epithelium and inhibits urogenital pathogens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37437. [PMID: 27869151 PMCID: PMC5116675 DOI: 10.1038/srep37437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 has been documented to survive implantation onto the vaginal epithelium and interfere with urogenital pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here, we report for the first time the construction of dedicated knock-out mutants in L. rhamnosus GR-1 to enable the study of gene functions. In a search for genes responsible for the adherence capacity of L. rhamnosus GR-1, a genomic region encoding a protein with homology to lectin-like proteins was identified. Phenotypic analyses of the knock-out mutant of L. rhamnosus GR-1 revealed a two-fold decreased adhesion to the vaginal and ectocervical epithelial cell lines compared to wild-type. In contrast, the adhesion to gastro-intestinal epithelial (Caco2) and endocervical cell lines (Hela and End1/E6E7) was not drastically affected by the mutation, suggesting that the LGR-1_Llp1 lectins mediates tissue tropism. The purified LGR-1_Llp1 protein also inhibited biofilm formation and adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. For the first time, an important role for a novel lectin-like protein in the adhesion capacity and host cell-specific interaction of a vaginal probiotic Lactobacillus strain has been discovered, with an additional role in pathogen inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya I Petrova
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elke Lievens
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Jean M Macklaim
- The Lawson Health Research Institute London, Canada Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, London, ON, Canada.,University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Jos Vanderleyden
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gregor Reid
- The Lawson Health Research Institute London, Canada Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, London, ON, Canada.,University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Antwerp, Belgium
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McGroarty JA, Lee V, Bruce AW, Reid G. Modulation of Adhesion of Uropathogenic Enterococcus faecalis to Human Epithelial Cells in vitro by Lactobacillus species. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609209141552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. McGroarty
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Glasgow Polytechnic, 41 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 OBA, UK
| | - V. Lee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. W. Bruce
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - G. Reid
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 588, Canada
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Abstract
Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) are common among young healthy women even though they generally have anatomically and physiologically normal urinary tracts. Women with recurrent UTI have an increased susceptibility to vaginal colonization with uropathogens, which is due to a greater propensity for uropathogenic coliforms to adhere to uroepithelial cells. Risk factors for recurrent UTI include sexual intercourse, use of spermicidal products, having a first UTI at an early age, and having a maternal history of UTIs. Inherited factors may be important in some women with recurrent UTI. Many factors thought to predispose to recurrent UTI in women, such as pre- and post-coital voiding patterns, frequency of urination, wiping patterns, and douching have not been proven to be risk factors for UTI. In contrast to the predominantly behavioral risk factors for young women, mechanical and/or physiological factors that affect bladder emptying are most strongly associated with recurrent UTI in healthy postmenopausal women. The management of recurrent UTI is the same as that for sporadic UTI except that the likelihood of infection with an antibiotic resistant uropathogen is higher in women who have received recent antimicrobials. Strategies to prevent recurrent UTI in young women should include education about the association of recurrent UTI with frequency of sexual intercourse and the usage of spermicide-containing products. Continuous or post-coital prophylaxis with low-dose antimicrobials or intermittent self-treatment with antimicrobials have all been demonstrated to be effective in managing recurrent uncomplicated UTIs in women. Estrogen use is very effective in preventing recurrent UTI in post-menopausal women. Exciting new approaches to prevent recurrent UTI include the use of probiotics and vaccines. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of UTI will lead to more effective and safer methods to prevent these frequent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Hooton
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Madison Clinic, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA.
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Abstract
The role of Lactobacillus species in the female urogenital tract as a barrier to infection is of considerable interest. These organisms are believed to contribute to the control of vaginal microbiota by competing with other microorganisms for adherence to epithelial cells and by producing antimicrobial compounds. These bactericidal compounds include organic acid, which lowers the vaginal pH, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocin-like substances and possibly biosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boris
- Dep. Microbiologie des Ecosystèmes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019, Lille, France
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Nollet L, Verstraete W. Gastro-enteric methane versus sulphate and volatile fatty acid production. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 1996; 42:113-131. [PMID: 24193496 DOI: 10.1007/bf00394045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The breakdown of low digestible components present in food during passage through the human and animal gastro-intestinal (GI) tract is performed by the highly diverse microbial community present in this ecosystem. Fermentation of these substances yields, besides CO2 and volatile fatty acids, H2, which is used as a substrate by three different H2-consuming bacteria. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) use H2 to reduce SO inf4 (sup2-) to H2S, hydrogenotrophic methane-producing bacteria (MPB) use H2 to reduce CO2 to CH4 and reductive acetogens (RAC) use H2 to reduce CO2 to CH3COOH. A competition between these three bacterial groups exists for the common H2 substrate. This results generally in the dominance of one group above the other two.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nollet
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, University of Gent, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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McGroarty JA, Reid G, Bruce AW. The influence of nonoxynol-9-containing spermicides on urogenital infection. J Urol 1994; 152:831-3. [PMID: 8051730 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)32584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A McGroarty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, United Kingdom
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Reid G. Applications from bacterial adhesion and biofilm studies in relation to urogenital tissues and biomaterials: a review. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 1994; 13:90-6. [PMID: 7765341 DOI: 10.1007/bf01584104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The urogenital tract, particularly of the adult female, is the habitat for many species of microorganisms. These populations are in a state of flux, are susceptible to disruption by antibiotics and spermicides, and are exposed to many different biomaterial substrata. Infections of the genital area and bladder are common, and are invariably initiated by microbial adhesion to surfaces. This review examines the actual and potential applications to industry and to patients emerging from the study of bacterial adhesion to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, Canada
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McGroarty JA. Probiotic use of lactobacilli in the human female urogenital tract. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1993; 6:251-64. [PMID: 8499891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1993.tb00337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A McGroarty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
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9
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Preliminary study on the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in adult women using intravaginal Lactobacilli. Int Urogynecol J 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00372644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Reid G, Bruce AW. Development of lactobacilli therapy to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in females. Int Urogynecol J 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00400044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Reid G, McGroarty JA, Gil Domingue PA, Chow AW, Bruce AW, Eisen A, Costerton JW. Coaggregation of urogenital bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Curr Microbiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02094024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reid G, Bruce AW, Cook RL, Llano M. Effect on urogenital flora of antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1990; 22:43-7. [PMID: 2181630 DOI: 10.3109/00365549009023118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Specimens were examined from 70 female presenting with urinary tract infection. 50 patients were randomly treated with 7 days amoxicillin or bacampicillin and another 20 randomly received amoxicillin or enoxacin. Effective clearance of the infections was achieved with each antibiotic, and only minor side effects occurred. Bacteriological analyses of the urogenital flora demonstrated a relationship between urethral carriage and bladder infection, with Escherichia coli being the most common pathogen. Antibiotic resistant E. coli were isolated more frequently from the bladder, urethra, introitus and rectum following amoxicillin treatment compared to bacampicillin and enoxacin. An examination of the urogenital flora post therapy showed that an indigenous lactobacillus population had not been restored in the majority of patients. Rather, uropathogenic bacteria were found to dominate the urethra and introitus. The effects of antibiotics on urogenital flora is clearly a matter of importance. Future clinical trials should address this. It may be that artificial supplementation of indigenous bacteria is necessary to restore the flora back to normality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reid
- Division of Urology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
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Reid G, Hawthorn LA, Eisen A, Stephen Beg H. Adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis to polymer and urinary catheter surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-6622(89)80347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reid G, Hawthorn LA, Eisen A, Beg H. Adhesion of lactobacillus acidophilus, escherichia coli and staphylococcus epidermidis to polymer and urinary catheter surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-6622(89)80198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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