1
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Derdelinckx J, Cras P, Berneman ZN, Cools N. Antigen-Specific Treatment Modalities in MS: The Past, the Present, and the Future. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624685. [PMID: 33679769 PMCID: PMC7933447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific therapy for multiple sclerosis may lead to a more effective therapy by induction of tolerance to a wide range of myelin-derived antigens without hampering the normal surveillance and effector function of the immune system. Numerous attempts to restore tolerance toward myelin-derived antigens have been made over the past decades, both in animal models of multiple sclerosis and in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis patients. In this review, we will give an overview of the current approaches for antigen-specific therapy that are in clinical development for multiple sclerosis as well provide an insight into the challenges for future antigen-specific treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Derdelinckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VaxInfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Division of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Born Bunge Institute, Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zwi N Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VaxInfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VaxInfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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2
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Re-educating immunity in respiratory allergies: the potential for hematopoietic stem cell-mediated gene therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 96:21-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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3
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Li D, Zhao B, Luo Y, Limbara S, Zhao B, Zou X, Yang W, Li Y. Transplantation of Aire-overexpressing bone marrow-derived dendritic cells delays the onset of type 1 diabetes. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:13-20. [PMID: 28550730 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune regulator (Aire) plays an indispensable role in maintaining central immune tolerance by promoting the ectopic expression of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and dendritic cells (DCs), which lead to the deletion of autoreactive T cells or the induction of Tregs and consequently prevent autoimmune disease development. Curing autoimmune diseases has always been a challenge. DC-based immunotherapy represents a new and effective method to establish tolerance. We attempted to transplant Aire-overexpressing bone marrow-derived DCs (Aire-BMDCs) to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to explore a new strategy for autoimmune disease treatment. We observed that the onset of T1D in recipient mice was delayed; insulin autoantibody (IAA) production was significantly decreased; the structure of islets was protected; and the degree of inflammatory infiltration was lower. Furthermore, we found that Aire-BMDCs can promote apoptosis and induce autoreactive CD4+ T cell clonal anergy, inhibit Th1 and Th17 production, and induce Treg production. These results suggest that transplantation of Aire-BMDCs will be a manipulation and effective method for preventing or treating T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbei Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yadong Luo
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Steven Limbara
- Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xueyang Zou
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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4
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Dahl LCM, Nasa Z, Chung J, Niego B, Tarlac V, Ho H, Galle A, Petratos S, Lee JY, Alderuccio F, Medcalf RL. The Influence of Differentially Expressed Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158653. [PMID: 27427941 PMCID: PMC4948890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has been implicated in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We show that levels of t-PA mRNA and activity are increased ~4 fold in the spinal cords of wild-type mice that are mice subjected to EAE. This was also accompanied with a significant increase in the levels of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (pro-MMP-9) and an influx of fibrinogen. We next compared EAE severity in wild-type mice, t-PA-/- mice and T4+ transgenic mice that selectively over-express (~14-fold) mouse t-PA in neurons of the central nervous system. Our results confirm that t-PA deficient mice have an earlier onset and more severe form of EAE. T4+ mice, despite expressing higher levels of endogenous t-PA, manifested a similar rate of onset and neurological severity of EAE. Levels of proMMP-9, and extravasated fibrinogen in spinal cord extracts were increased in mice following EAE onset regardless of the absence or over-expression of t-PA wild-type. Interestingly, MMP-2 levels also increased in spinal cord extracts of T4+ mice following EAE, but not in the other genotypes. Hence, while the absence of t-PA confers a more deleterious form of EAE, neuronal over-expression of t-PA does not overtly protect against this condition with regards to symptom onset or severity of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa CM Dahl
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Zeyad Nasa
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - JieYu Chung
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Be’eri Niego
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Volga Tarlac
- Van Cleef Roet Centre for Nervous Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Heidi Ho
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Adam Galle
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Alderuccio
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Robert L. Medcalf
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- * E-mail:
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5
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Coleman MA, Jessup CF, Bridge JA, Overgaard NH, Penko D, Walters S, Borg DJ, Galea R, Forbes JM, Thomas R, Coates PTC, Grey ST, Wells JW, Steptoe RJ. Antigen-encoding bone marrow terminates islet-directed memory CD8+ T-cell responses to alleviate islet transplant rejection. Diabetes 2016; 65:1328-1340. [PMID: 26961116 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Islet-specific memory T cells arise early in type 1 diabetes (T1D), persist for long periods, perpetuate disease and are rapidly reactivated by islet transplantation. As memory T cells are poorly controlled by 'conventional' therapies, memory T-cell mediated attack is a substantial challenge in islet transplantation and this will extend to application of personalized approaches using stem-cell derived replacement β cells. New approaches are required to limit memory autoimmune attack of transplanted islets or replacement β cells. Here we show that transfer of bone marrow encoding cognate antigen directed to dendritic cells, under mild, immune-preserving conditions inactivates established memory CD8+ T-cell populations and generates a long-lived, antigen-specific tolerogenic environment. Consequently, CD8+ memory T cell-mediated targeting of islet-expressed antigens is prevented and islet graft rejection alleviated. The immunological mechanisms of protection are mediated through deletion and induction of unresponsiveness in targeted memory T-cell populations. The data demonstrate that hematopoietic stem cell-mediated gene therapy effectively terminates antigen-specific memory T-cell responses and this can alleviate destruction of antigen-expressing islets. This addresses a key challenge facing islet transplantation and importantly, the clinical application of personalized β-cell replacement therapies using patient-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A Coleman
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Claire F Jessup
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, AUSTRALIA Department of Anatomy & Histology, Flinders University, SA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Jennifer A Bridge
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Nana H Overgaard
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Daniella Penko
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Stacey Walters
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Danielle J Borg
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ryan Galea
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Shane T Grey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - James W Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA.
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6
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de Andrade Pereira B, Ackermann M, Chaudhary S, Vogel R, Vogt B, Dresch C, Fraefel C. Tolerance of activated pathogenic CD4+ T cells by transcriptional targeting of dendritic cells. Gene Ther 2015; 22:382-90. [PMID: 25739989 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that targeted expression of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) to dendritic cells with self-inactivating-lentivirus vectors induces antigen-specific tolerance in naive antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and protects mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In the present study, we demonstrate that this approach also induces tolerance of activated antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and completely protects mice from passive EAE induction. Tolerance induction did not correlate with the depletion of the preactivated antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. However, upon isolation and in vitro re-stimulation at day 6 after adoptive transfer the MOG-specific CD4+ T cells from the non-tolerized mice produced large amounts of inflammatory cytokines, whereas those from tolerized mice did not. This unresponsiveness correlated with the upregulation of regulatory molecules associated with anergy and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The in vivo depletion of Tregs resulted in EAE susceptibility of the tolerized animals, suggesting that these cells have indeed a role in tolerance induction/maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Ackermann
- Institute of Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Chaudhary
- Institute of Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Vogel
- Institute of Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Vogt
- Institute of Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Dresch
- Institute of Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Fraefel
- Institute of Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Zhou F, Ciric B, Zhang GX, Rostami A. Immunotherapy using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 178:447-58. [PMID: 25138204 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by Gram-negative bacteria induces tolerance and suppresses inflammatory responses in vivo; however, the mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study we show that LPS induces apoptosis of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and modulates phenotypes of DCs. LPS treatment up-regulates expression of tolerance-associated molecules such as CD205 and galectin-1, but down-regulates expression of Gr-1 and B220 on CD11c(+) DCs. Moreover, LPS treatment regulates the numbers of CD11c(+) CD8(+) , CD11c(+) CD11b(low) and CD11c(+) CD11b(hi) DCs, which perform different immune functions in vivo. Our data also demonstrated that intravenous transfer of LPS-treated DCs blocks experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development and down-regulates expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (ROR-γt), interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22 and interferon (IFN)-γ in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-primed CD4(+) T cells in the peripheral environment. These results suggest that LPS-induced apoptotic DCs may lead to generation of tolerogenic DCs and suppress the activity of MOG-stimulated effector CD4(+) T cells, thus inhibiting the development of EAE in vivo. Our results imply a potential mechanism of LPS-induced tolerance mediated by DCs and the possible use of LPS-induced apoptotic DCs to treat autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Tolerance induction with gene-modified stem cells and immune-preserving conditioning in primed mice: restricting antigen to differentiated antigen-presenting cells permits efficacy. Blood 2012; 121:1049-58. [PMID: 23233664 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-434100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) or hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is used as curative therapy for hematologic malignancies. Incorporation of gene therapy to drive tolerogenic expression of antigens is a promising strategy to overcome the limited long-term efficacy of autologous HSC transplantation for autoimmune diseases. HSC engraftment and tolerance induction is readily achieved after myeloablative or immune-depleting conditioning regardless of the cellular compartment in which antigen is expressed. It is unclear whether the efficiency of engraftment and tolerance induction is influenced by targeting antigen to specific cellular compartments. This is particularly important when using clinically feasible low-intensity conditioning aimed at preserving infectious immunity in individuals where immunologic memory exists to the autoantigen to be expressed. Here we demonstrate that, under immune-preserving conditions, confining expression of a transgenically expressed antigen to dendritic cells permits stable, long-term engraftment of genetically modified BM even when recipients are immune to the expressed antigen. In contrast, broader expression within the hematopoietic compartment leads to graft rejection and therapeutic failure because of antigen expression in HSCs. These findings are relevant to the clinical application of genetically engineered HSCs and provide evidence that careful selection of promoters for HSC-mediated gene therapy is important, particularly where tolerance is sought under immune-preserving conditions.
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9
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Induction of antigen-specific tolerance through hematopoietic stem cell-mediated gene therapy: the future for therapy of autoimmune disease? Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:195-203. [PMID: 23047179 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the principle that immune ablation followed by HSC-mediated recovery purges disease-causing leukocytes to interrupt autoimmune disease progression, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been increasingly used as a treatment for severe autoimmune diseases. Despite clinically-relevant outcomes, HSCT is associated with serious iatrogenic risks and is suitable only for the most serious and intractable diseases. A further limitation of autologous HSCT is that relapse rates can be high, suggesting disease-causing leukocytes are incompletely purged or the environmental and genetic determinants that drive disease remain active. Incorporation of antigen-specific tolerance approaches that synergise with autologous HSCT could reduce or prevent relapse. Further, by reducing the requirement for highly toxic immune-ablation and instead relying on antigen-specific tolerance, the clinical utility of HSCT could be significantly diversified. Substantial progress has been made exploring HSCT-mediated induction of antigen-specific tolerance in animal models but studies have focussed on primarily on prevention of autoimmune diseases. However, as diagnosis of autoimmune disease is often not made until autoimmune disease is well developed and populations of autoantigen-specific pathogenic effector and memory T cells have become well established, immunotherapies must be developed to address effector and memory T-cell responses which have traditionally been considered the key impediment to immunotherapy. Here, focusing on T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases we review progress made in antigen-specific immunotherapy using HSCT-mediated approaches, induction of tolerance in effector and memory T cells and the challenges for progression and clinical application of antigen-specific 'tolerogenic' HSCT therapy.
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10
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de Andrade Pereira B, Fraefel C, Hilbe M, Ackermann M, Dresch C. Transcriptional targeting of DCs with lentiviral vectors induces antigen-specific tolerance in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Gene Ther 2012; 20:556-66. [PMID: 22951454 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to induce permanent tolerance toward self-antigens involved in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that the stable auto-antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) would tolerize auto-reactive T cells and, therefore, prevent disease development in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which closely resembles MS. Specifically, our strategy included the ex vivo modification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with self-inactivating (SIN) lentivirus vectors that transcriptionally target the expression of myelin antigens to DCs. As SIN lentivirus vectors support the genomic integration of transgene sequences in HSC, the transduced and transplanted HSC may provide a constant supply of antigen expressing steady-state DCs. Here, we demonstrate that targeting myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) expression to DCs indeed resulted in complete and stable protection from EAE. No histological signs of EAE, such as demyelination, axonal damage, or infiltration of leukocytes in brain, spinal cord and optical nerve, were observed in tolerized mice. Tolerance induction was concomitant with the efficient deletion of MOG-specific T cells and the generation of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and, most importantly, directed toward a specific self-antigen while T-cell reactivity to unrelated foreign antigens was fully preserved.
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11
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Jindra PT, Tripathi S, Tian C, Iacomini J, Bagley J. Tolerance to MHC class II disparate allografts through genetic modification of bone marrow. Gene Ther 2012; 20:478-86. [PMID: 22833118 PMCID: PMC3651743 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Induction of molecular chimerism through genetic modification of bone marrow is a powerful tool for the induction of tolerance. Here we demonstrate for the first time that expression of an allogeneic MHC class II gene in autologous bone marrow cells, resulting in a state of molecular chimerism, induces tolerance to MHC class II mismatched skin grafts, a stringent test of transplant tolerance. Reconstitution of recipients with syngeneic bone marrow transduced with retrovirus encoding H-2I-Ab (I-Ab) resulted the long-term expression of the retroviral gene product on the surface of MHC class II-expressing bone marrow derived cell types. Mechanistically, tolerance was maintained by the presence of regulatory T cells, which prevented proliferation and cytokine production by alloreactive host T cells. Thus, the introduction of MHC class II genes into bone marrow derived cells through genetic engineering results in tolerance. These results have the potential to extend the clinical applicability of molecular chimerism for tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Jindra
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Newland SA, Phillips JM, Mastroeni P, Azuma M, Zaccone P, Cooke A. PD-L1 blockade overrides Salmonella typhimurium-mediated diabetes prevention in NOD mice: no role for Tregs. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2966-76. [PMID: 21792877 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, evidence suggests that there is a strong environmental component to the development of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes. Our previous data showed that NOD mice are protected from developing diabetes after infection with Salmonella typhimurium and there is some evidence that changes within the DC compartment play a crucial role in this protective effect. This paper further characterises this Salmonella-modulated protective phenotype. We find that, contrary to other infection-mediated models of type 1 diabetes protection, there was no expansion of Foxp3(+) Tregs. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of DCs identified a distinct Salmonella-induced signature in which the inhibitory receptor PD-L1 was up-regulated. This was confirmed by flow cytometry. In vivo blockade of the PD1/PD-L1 interaction was found to ablate the protective function of Salmonella infection. These data provide evidence for a novel regulatory DC phenotype proficient at controlling autoreactive T cells for an extended duration in the NOD mouse model of diabetes.
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13
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Alderuccio F, Nasa Z, Chung J, Ko HJ, Chan J, Toh BH. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy as a Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1488-94. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Alderuccio
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zeyad Nasa
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jieyu Chung
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyun-Ja Ko
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Chan
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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