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Liaskos C, Gkoutzourelas A, Spyrou V, Koutsoumpas A, Athanasiou LV, Amiridis GS, Billinis C, Bogdanos DP. Pancreatic anti-GP2 and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in ruminants with paratuberculosis: A better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:778-785. [PMID: 32035824 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ruminants (cattle and sheep) with Mycobacterium avium (MAP)-induced paratuberculosis (ptb), the ruminant model of Crohn's disease (CD), exhibit pancreatic specific autoantibodies (PAB) against GP2 but not against CUZD1. Since anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCAs) is a CD marker, we tested MAP-infected ptb ruminants for ASCA, and compared them with ruminants lacking evidence of anti-MAP serology or with ruminants, which were positive for anti-GP2 antibodies. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 98 samples from ruminants (48 cattle and 50 sheep) were studied. IgG anti-MAP antibodies, and CD-related ASCA and anti-GP2 antibodies were tested by modified ELISAs. RESULTS Nine cattle (18.75%) and 20 sheep (40%) were suffered from ptb. ASCA antibodies were present in 21/48 (43.7%) cattle and 10/50 (20%) sheep while anti-GP2 antibodies were present in 14/48 (29.2%) cattle, and 8/50 (16%) sheep. ASCA antibodies were more prevalent in anti-MAP antibody positive (14/29, 48.3%) than in anti-MAP negative ruminants (17/69, 24.6%, P=0.022) and also in anti-GP2 antibody positive (13/23, 56.5%) than in anti-GP2 negative ruminants (18/75, 24%, P=0.003). No association between ASCA and anti-MAP antibody concentrations were found (r=0.159, P=0.117). A significant association between ASCA and anti-GP2 antibody concentration were observed (r=0.211 and P=0.037). CONCLUSION ASCA are present in a significant proportion of ruminants with ptb and correlate with anti-GP2 antibody positivity, a finding further supporting the notion that Crohn's disease and ptb share common immunological mechanisms of antigen-driven loss of self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Liaskos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Gkoutzourelas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Spyrou
- Department of Animal Production, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Andreas Koutsoumpas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Labrini V Athanasiou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Georgios S Amiridis
- Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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Lopens S, Krawczyk M, Papp M, Milkiewicz P, Schierack P, Liu Y, Wunsch E, Conrad K, Roggenbuck D. The search for the Holy Grail: autoantigenic targets in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with disease phenotype and neoplasia. AUTO- IMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2020; 11:6. [PMID: 32178720 PMCID: PMC7077156 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-020-00129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unlike in other autoimmune liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis, the role and nature of autoantigenic targets in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a progressive, chronic, immune-mediated, life threatening, genetically predisposed, cholestatic liver illness, is poorly elucidated. Although anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have been associated with the occurrence of PSC, their corresponding targets have not yet been identified entirely. Genome-wide association studies revealed a significant number of immune-related and even disease-modifying susceptibility loci for PSC. However, these loci did not allow discerning a clear autoimmune pattern nor do the therapy options and the male gender preponderance in PSC support a pathogenic role of autoimmune responses. Nevertheless, PSC is characterized by the co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) demonstrating autoimmune responses. The identification of novel autoantigenic targets in IBD such as the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) or the appearance of proteinase 3 (PR3) autoantibodies (autoAbs) have refocused the interest on a putative association of loss of tolerance with the IBD phenotype and consequently with the PSC phenotype. Not surprisingly, the report of an association between GP2 IgA autoAbs and disease severity in patients with PSC gave a new impetus to autoAb research for autoimmune liver diseases. It might usher in a new era of serological research in this field. The mucosal loss of tolerance against the microbiota-sensing GP2 modulating innate and adaptive intestinal immunity and its putative role in the pathogenesis of PSC will be elaborated in this review. Furthermore, other potential PSC-related autoantigenic targets such as the neutrophil PR3 will be discussed. GP2 IgA may represent a group of new pathogenic antibodies, which share characteristics of both type 2 and 3 of antibody-mediated hypersensitive reactions according to Coombs and Gell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Papp
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
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Jiminez JA, Uwiera TC, Douglas Inglis G, Uwiera RRE. Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals. Gut Pathog 2015; 7:29. [PMID: 26561503 PMCID: PMC4641401 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-015-0076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine impart a significant and negative impact on the health and well-being of human and non-human mammalian animals. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory disease is mandatory to develop effective treatment and prevention strategies. As inflammatory disease etiologies are multifactorial, the use of appropriate animal models and associated metrics of disease are essential. In this regard, animal models used alone or in combination to study acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the mammalian intestine paired with commonly used inflammation-inducing agents are reviewed. This includes both chemical and biological incitants of inflammation, and both non-mammalian (i.e. nematodes, insects, and fish) and mammalian (i.e. rodents, rabbits, pigs, ruminants, dogs, and non-human primates) models of intestinal inflammation including germ-free, gnotobiotic, as well as surgical, and genetically modified animals. Importantly, chemical and biological incitants induce inflammation via a multitude of mechanisms, and intestinal inflammation and injury can vary greatly according to the incitant and animal model used, allowing studies to ascertain both long-term and short-term effects of inflammation. Thus, researchers and clinicians should be aware of the relative strengths and limitations of the various animal models used to study acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the mammalian intestine, and the scope and relevance of outcomes achievable based on this knowledge. The ability to induce inflammation to mimic common human diseases is an important factor of a successful animal model, however other mechanisms of disease such as the amount of infective agent to induce disease, invasion mechanisms, and the effect various physiologic changes can have on inducing damage are also important features. In many cases, the use of multiple animal models in combination with both chemical and biological incitants is necessary to answer the specific question being addressed regarding intestinal disease. Some incitants can induce acute responses in certain animal models while others can be used to induce chronic responses; this review aims to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses in each animal model and to guide the choice of an appropriate acute or chronic incitant to facilitate intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle A. Jiminez
- />Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB Canada
- />Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Trina C. Uwiera
- />Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - G. Douglas Inglis
- />Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Richard R. E. Uwiera
- />Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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Liaskos C, Spyrou V, Athanasiou LV, Orfanidou T, Mavropoulos A, Rigopoulou EI, Amiridis GS, Shoenfeld Y, Billinis C, Bogdanos DP. Crohn's disease-specific anti-CUZD1 pancreatic antibodies are absent in ruminants with paratuberculosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:384-90. [PMID: 25575461 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic autoantibodies (PABs) specifically recognizing GP2 and/or CUZD1 are present in more than 35% of patients with Crohn's disease (CrD). We have recently provided evidence of the presence of GP2-specific PABs in ruminants with paratuberculosis (ptb), a Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP)-induced disease resembling CrD. OBJECTIVE To assess whether anti-CUZD1 antibodies are also present in ruminants with ptb. METHODS A total of 110 samples (73 cattle/37 sheep) were studied including 40 with ptb (24 cattle/16 sheep; 20 anti-GP2 antibody pos) and 70 without ptb (49 cattle/21 sheep; 10 anti-GP2 antibody pos). The samples were pre-characterized for anti-MAP and anti-GP2 antibodies by ELISA. Evidence of MAP was confirmed by PCR. Anti-CUZD1 antibody testing was performed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) based on transfected HEK293 cells expressing CUZD1. Anti-sheep or anti-cattle specific antisera were used as revealing antibodies. RESULTS None of the ruminant sera had anti-CUZD1 antibodies by IIF testing at dilutions varying from 1/10 to 1/160. Methodological flaws were prevented by a series of tests. Control sera from anti-CUZD1 positive CrD samples have shown anti-CUZD1 antibody reactivity at various concentrations. Antibody reactivity to GP2-expressing HEK293 cells has confirmed the reactivity to GP2 in ruminant sera found positive for anti-GP2 antibodies by ELISA. CONCLUSION The present study has found no evidence of anti-CUZD1 PABs in MAP-induced ptb. Our findings indicate that the induction of CUZD1-specific PABs is unrelated to MAP infection and that the mechanisms responsible for the loss of tolerance to GP2 and CUZD1 are probably quite distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Liaskos
- Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IReTeTh), ITE, Larissa 41222, Greece; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 45000 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Department of Animal Production, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, Larissa 41110, Greece.
| | - Labrini V Athanasiou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece.
| | - Timoklia Orfanidou
- Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IReTeTh), ITE, Larissa 41222, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Mavropoulos
- Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IReTeTh), ITE, Larissa 41222, Greece.
| | - Eirini I Rigopoulou
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RJ, UK.
| | - Georgios S Amiridis
- Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IReTeTh), ITE, Larissa 41222, Greece; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 45000 Larissa, Greece; Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RJ, UK.
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Perricone C, Borgiani P. Crohn's disease, the mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the genetic bond: An unexpected trio. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:275-7. [PMID: 25771330 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Genetic, School of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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