The association between three promoter polymorphisms of IL-10 and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): a meta-analysis

Association between IL-10 rs3024505 and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the small intestine, colon, and rectum. We evaluated associations between the interleukin 10 (IL-10) rs3024505 polymorphism and IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD) by meta-analysis. All peer-reviewed manuscripts concerning the relationship between IL-10_rs3024505 and IBD identified by searing the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Chinese Medical Database were examined. The association between IL-10_rs3024505 and IBD was evaluated in allele (AG), recessive (RG), dominant (DG), homozygous (HMG), and heterozygous (HTG) genetic models. Associations were also conducted on IBD subtypes, CD and UC, and ethnicity (Non-Europeans and Europeans) subgroups. The meta-analysis included 13 studies, 8552 cases (IBD patients), and 12,830 healthy controls. Subgroup analysis of IBD (UC and CD) revealed heterogeneity in AG, DG, and HTG but no heterogeneity in RG or HMG. Moreover, AG, DG, and HTG did not show publication bias in IBD, CD, or UC, but RG and HMG exhibited publication bias. No heterogeneity and no publication bias were found among the five genetic models by a subgroup analysis of Non-Europeans and European ethnicities. The minor allele(T) of rs3024505 was significantly related to IBD: 1.37 (1.30-1.45) for AG, 2.06 (1.74-2.45) for RG, 1.39 (1.27-1.52) for DG, 2.25 (1.89-2.67) for HMG, and 1.32 (1.23-1.40) for HTG (all P < 0.00001). In the subgroup analysis of ethnicity, there was a significant effect of rs3024505 on IBD in Europeans but not non-Europeans: 1.38 (1.31-1.46) for AG, 2.07 (1.73-2.48) for RG, 1.39 (1.31-1.49) for DG, 2.26 (1.89-2.71) for HMG, and 1.33 (1.24-1.42) for HTG in Europeans (all P < 0.00001). Sensitivity analysis showed no dominant study in Europeans, but one study had a dominant impact in Non-Europeans. In conclusion, IL-10_rs3024505 polymorphism confers susceptibility to CD and UC in Europeans, but its impact should have conducted more studies in Non-Europeans.

MiR-223 promotes pyroptosis of enteritis cells through activating NF-κB signalling pathway by targeting SNIP1 in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common inflammation-related intestinal disease. Studies have shown that excessive pyroptosis of intestinal cells is involved in the development of IBD. However, the regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis in IBD remains unclear. Here, our study purposed to clarify the underlying regulatory mechanism of miR-223 to promote pyroptosis in IBD.MiR-223 and Smad Nuclear Interacting Protein 1 (SNIP1) expression in colon tissues collected from IBD patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Cell viability and pyroptosis were evaluated by CCK8 and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Pyroptosis-related proteins and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signals were determined by WB. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to investigate the binding relationship between miR-223 and SNIP1.MiR-223 was significantly upregulated in IBD colon tissues and cell models, while SNIP1 was significantly decreased. Silence of miR-223 markedly enhanced cell viability and inhibited pyroptosis in the IBD cell model. MiR-223 could bind to 3'-UTR of SNIP1 and SNIP1 could activate NF-κB signalling pathway. Further rescued experiment found that knockdown of SNIP1 dramatically abolished the bio-effects mediated by miR-223 silence on the cell viability and pyroptosis of the IBD cell model. Likewise, the inactivation of NF-κB signalling markedly weakened the regulatory roles of SNIP1 downregulation in the IBD cell model. Besides, inhibition of NF-κB signalling attenuated the pyroptosis-promoting effect of overexpressing miR-223.Our data suggested that miR-223 activated the NF-κB pathway via targeting SNIP1, thus promoting the process of cell pyroptosis, and ultimately participating in the pathogenesis of IBD.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of whole genes and atrophic gastritis susceptibility:a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Atrophic gastritis (AG) is one of the important precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are closely related to AG susceptibility. However, the research conclusions on the predictive potential of SNPs are inconsistent. The study aims to retrospect the association between SNPs of whole genes and AG risk by meta-analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Up to April 29, 2020, a systematic literature search for the relationship of SNPs with AG susceptibility was performed utilizing PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. The overall and stratified meta-analyses on extracted data were conducted by Stata11.2.

RESULTS

33 case-control studies were enrolled containing 9951 AG patients and 17,252 healthy controls, and 17 SNPs in 12 different genes were systematically reviewed. The results indicated that 12 genes could be categorized based on their functions, including immune response, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and DNA damage repair. For the SNPs in immune response-related genes, the C allele of TLR1 rs4833095 T/C increased AG risk to 1.21-fold and the recessive model of TLR4 rs11536878 in the TLR gene family decreased AG susceptibility to 0.48-fold. The variant alleles of IL-10 rs1800871 (OR = 1.21) and IL-8 rs4073 (OR = 1.22) in the IL gene family were positively associated with AG risk. PSCA rs2294008 enhanced AG risk in all genetic models. SNPs associated with AG susceptibility were mainly focused on immune response-related genes.

CONCLUSION

These SNPs related to immune response could influence on AG risk and have potential to be AG predictive biomarkers. It is worth noting that the number of studies for each SNPs were insufficient due to the limited published researches and updated meta-analysis needs to be performed based on extensive relevant studies for more reliable results.

Genetic polymorphisms present in IL10, IL23R, NOD2, and ATG16L1 associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in Mexican population

OBJECTIVE

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two clinical forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diverse studies have shown the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in molecules of the immune system and the occurrence of IBD. Here, several SNPs of the immune system with controversial results for their association with UC and CD were evaluated in a Mexican population.

METHODS

SNPs rs1800896, rs3024505 (IL-10); rs11209026 (IL23R); rs2066844, rs2066845 (NOD-2), and rs2241880 (ATG16L1) were assessed in 93 patients with IBD and 200 healthy controls by hybridization probes and quantitative PCR.

RESULTS

The AG genotype for rs1800896 was associated with an increased risk for both UC and CD (P = 0.005 and P = 0.026, respectively); whereas the AA genotype presents a negative association (P = 0.011 for UC, and 0.0038 for CD). For this SNP, G allele was associated with risk of UC (P = 0-043) but not for CD. For the rs3024505 in IL-10, T allele was associated with UC (P = 0.011). Moreover, this allele was associated with early onset of UC (P = 0.033) and with the use of steroid treatment (P = 0.019). No significant differences for NOD2 (rs2066844T and rs2066845C), IL23R (rs11209026), and ATG16L1 (rs22411880) were found between cases and controls and the homozygous TT genotype for rs2066844 and CC for rs2066845 were not observed.

CONCLUSION

Our results show both genotypic and phenotypic associations of IL-10 SNPs with IBD but not with the other immune-related SNPs studied in this Mexican cohort.

Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease: a crosstalk between upper and lower digestive tract

Helicobacter pylori has coexisted with humans for approximately 60,000 years and greater than 50% of the global population is infected with H. pylori. H. pylori was successfully cultured in vitro in 1983 and studies of H. pylori have achieved substantial advances over the last 35 years. Since then, H. pylori has been characterized as the primary pathogenic factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric malignancy. Numerous patients have received H. pylori eradication treatment, but only 1-2% of H. pylori-infected individuals ultimately develop gastric cancer. Recently, numerous epidemiological and basic experimental studies suggested a role for chronic H. pylori infection in protecting against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by inducing systematic immune tolerance and suppressing inflammatory responses. Here we summarize the current research progress on the association between H. pylori and IBD, and further describe the detailed molecular mechanism underlying H. pylori-induced dendritic cells (DCs) with the tolerogenic phenotype and immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Based on the potential protective role of H. pylori infection on IBD, we suggest that the interaction between H. pylori and the host is complicated, and H. pylori eradication treatment should be administered with caution, especially for children and young adults.

Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between IL10 Promoter Polymorphisms and Autoimmune Liver Disease Risk

BACKGROUND

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL10 gene have been linked to the occurrence of autoimmune liver disease.

METHODS

We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between three IL10 promoter polymorphisms (rs1800896, rs1800871, and rs1800872) and the risk of autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

RESULTS

In total, 1420 articles were initially identified through database retrieval. After screening, seven eligible articles were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. A fixed-effect model was used for all Mantel-Haenszel statistics due to the absence of large between-study heterogeneity (all I² < 50%, p > 0.1). No association between any of the studied polymorphisms and risk of autoimmune liver disease was detected in the allele, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, recessive, or carrier genetic models (p_association > 0.05). Potential publication bias was excluded using Begg's and Egger's tests. Similar negative results were observed in subgroup analyses and in an analysis of the three haplotypes of rs1800896/rs1800871/rs1800872 (G/C/C, A/C/C, and A/T/A).

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis strongly suggests that the IL10 rs1800896, rs1800871, and rs1800872 polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of autoimmune liver disease.

The Polymorphism rs3024505 (C/T) Downstream of the IL10 Gene Is Associated with Crohn's Disease in Serbian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), manifesting as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by recurring episodes of inflammation in gastrointestinal tract, in which aberrant production of regulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) presumably plays important role. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect IL-10 production, such as rs1800896 (G/A) at position -1082 and rs1800871 (C/T) at position -819 in the promoter region of the IL10 gene, have been associated with CD and/or UC, but the results were inconsistent. Another SNP that may alter IL-10 production, rs3024505 (C/T) located immediately downstream of the IL10 gene has been recently identified. T allele of rs3024505 was associated with both UC and CD in Western populations, but the studies from East European countries are lacking. Therefore, our aim was to assess the association of rs3024505, rs1800896 and rs1800871 with Serbian IBD patients. To this end, 107 CD and 99 UC patients and 255 healthy controls were genotyped. As a result, T allele of rs3024505 was associated with CD at allelic, genotypic (GT genotype) and haplotypic (GCCT haplotype) level, suggesting potential role of this variant in susceptibility to CD. In contrast, CD patients carrying C allele of rs3024505 had significantly increased risk of anemia and stricturing/penetrating behavior. No association was observed between rs3024505 and UC or SNPs in IL10 promoter region and any form of IBD. In conclusion, rs3024505 SNP flanking the IL10 gene is associated with susceptibility and severity of disease in Serbian CD patients, further validating its role as a potential biomarker in IBD.

Association between rs6887695 and 3'-untranslated region polymorphisms within the interleukin-12B gene and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases in Asian and European population: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The associations between rs6887695 and 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within interleukin-12B (IL-12B) and autoimmune diseases (ADs) remain controversial and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between IL-12B (3'-UTR A/C and rs6887695 C/G SNPs) and ADs by meta-analysis.

METHODS

PubMed and EMBASE were exhaustively searched for studies on the association between IL-12B SNPs and ADs. Publication bias was examined by a funnel plot and Egger's test. The robustness of the pooled results was assessed by sensitivity analysis. A fixed- or a random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs).

RESULTS

A total of 34 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that IL-12B rs6887695 SNPs were significantly associated with the risk of ADs. However, there was no significant association between IL-12B 3'-UTR SNPs and ADs. When the studies were stratified by ethnicity, significant association between IL-12B 3'-UTR SNPs and ADs was observed in both Asian and European population. In addition, allele A within 3'-UTR of IL-12B gene was found to be a protective factor for T1DM, but a risk factor for psoriasis.

CONCLUSION

The IL-12B 3'-UTR and rs6887695 SNPs are associated with susceptibility to ADs.

Intestinal Behçet's Disease: A True Inflammatory Bowel Disease or Merely an Intestinal Complication of Systemic Vasculitis?

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multi-systemic inflammatory disorder of an unknown etiology and shows a chronic recurrent clinical course. When the disease involves the alimentary tract, it is called intestinal BD because of its clinical importance. Intestinal BD is more frequently reported in East Asian countries than in Western or Middle Eastern countries. While any part of the gastrointestinal tract can be involved, the most common location of intestinal BD is the ileocecal area. A few, large, deep ulcerations with discrete border are characteristic endoscopic findings of intestinal BD. Currently, there is no single gold standard test or pathognomonic finding of intestinal BD. However, recently developed novel diagnostic criteria and a disease activity index have helped in assessing intestinal BD. As intestinal BD shares a lot of characteristics with inflammatory bowel disease, including genetic background, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic strategies, distinguishing between the two diseases in clinical practice is quite difficult. However, biologic agents such as anti-tumor necrosis factor α antibody shows a considerable efficacy similar to inflammatory bowel disease cases. It is important to distinguish and treat those two disease entities separately from the standpoint of precise medicine. Clinicians should require comprehensive knowledge regarding the similarities and differences between intestinal BD and inflammatory bowel disease for making an accurate clinical decision.

Herb-Partitioned Moxibustion Regulates the TLR2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of Ulcerative Colitis

The TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathomechanism of ulcerative colitis (UC); acupuncture and moxibustion can improve the damage in colonic tissues of UC, but the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. This study observed the effect of moxibustion on the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway at the Tianshu (ST25) and Qihai (CV6) acupuncture points in the UC rat. The result shows that TLR2, IRAK1, and IKK-b mRNA and protein levels in the colonic mucosa were significantly higher in the UC rats than in the control rats. Herb-partitioned moxibustion reduced the expression of TLR2, IRAK1, and IKK-b mRNA and proteins in the UC rats. Similarly, the expression of NF-κB was significantly increased and IFN-β and IL-10 were significantly decreased in the colonic mucosa of UC rats, but herb-partitioned moxibustion reduced the expression of IFN-β and upregulating the expression of IFN-β and IL-10 significantly. It indicates that herb-partitioned moxibustion can inhibit the expression of multiple signaling molecules of the TLR2 pathway effectively, and it may modulate the excessive local immune response by inhibiting TLR2 signaling, thereby promoting the repair of damaged colonic mucosa.

The association between three promoter polymorphisms of IL-1 and stroke: a meta-analysis

AIM

The association between Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphism and stroke remains controversial. The present study was designed to clarify this relationship through a pooled analysis of the numerous epidemiological studies focusing on this association.

METHODS

Published data addressing the association between polymorphism of the IL-1 gene and stroke were selected from electronic databases. A total of 21 studies from 19 publications including 5280 stroke patients and 5699 controls were included in this meta-analysis which detect whether IL-1α-889C/T, IL-1β-511C/T and IL-1 RN polymorphism were associated with stroke susceptibility.

RESULT

The combined results of overall analysis revealed that there was a significant association between IL-1α-889C/T polymorphism and stroke (allele model: OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.14-1.68, P < 0.001; recessive model: OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.27-1.90, P < 0.001; dominant model: OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.13-1.87, P = 0.004; additive model: OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.37-2.10, P < 0.001). On a subgroup analysis by ethnicity of study population, significant association was found in Asians (allele model: OR = 1.25 95% CI = 1.12-1.39, P < 0.001; recessive model: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09-1.69, P = 0.007; dominant model: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.12-1.48, P < 0.001; additive model: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.13-1.80, P = 0.003). There are no associations of IL-1β-511C/T and IL-RN polymorphisms on stroke risk were identified.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, our results suggested that IL-1α-889C/T polymorphism is associated with stroke risk, especially in Asians. However, no associations of IL-1β-511C/T and IL-RN polymorphisms on stroke risk in overall analysis or subgroup analysis.

The -A2518G polymorphism in the MCP-1 gene and inflammatory bowel disease risk: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) -A2518G gene polymorphism has been found to be involved in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the results of existing studies are controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between the MCP-1 -A2518G polymorphism and the risk of IBD.

METHODS

PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for studies assessing the relationship between the -A2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 gene and the risk of IBD. Available data were extracted and statistically analyzed using STATA 12.0.

RESULTS

A total of five publications involving 3137 individuals (1818 IBD cases and 1319 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. A combined analysis revealed that the MCP-1 -A2518G polymorphism in was a protective factor for GG + AG vs AA (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.87, P = 0.000). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that among European patients the AG + GG homozygote, unlike the AA homozygote, had a protective effect against IBD (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63-0.84, P = 0.000), but did not do so among Asian and African patients. Subgroup analysis by disease subtype suggested the -A2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 had a protective effect against Crohn's disease (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.81, P = 0.000), but not against ulcerative colitis.

CONCLUSIONS

Our meta-analysis suggested that the -A2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 may be a protective factor for IBD in European populations. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Association of IL-10 GTC haplotype with serum level and HPV infection in the development of cervical carcinoma

AIM

Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the developing countries like India. In addition to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, host genetic factors play an important role in viral persistence and neoplastic growth. IL-10, a multifunctional cytokine, plays an active role to promote tumor growth in the presence of HPV. The present study aims to find out the impact of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms at -1082A/G (rs1800896), -819C/T (rs1800872), and -592C/A (rs1800871) sites along with IL-10 production and HPV infection in the progression of cervical cancer.

METHODS

We have genotyped a total of 506 subjects, 256 cases (208 cervical cancer + 48 precancer), and 250 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method followed by sequencing. IL-10 serum concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

The frequency of IL-10 -592 variant genotype (AA) was found significantly reduced in cases as compare to controls while -1082 variant genotype (GG) was found ~4-fold higher risk of cervical cancer (p = <0.0001, OR = 3.667, 95% CI = 2.329-5.773). On construction of haplotypes, GTC haplotype was emerged as a major risk haplotype while ACA haplotype was seemed as a marker for precancerous lesions. IL-10 serum concentration was observed higher in HPV-infected precancer and cancer cases. GTC haplotype was found to be coupled with higher serum concentration of IL-10 and HPV infection.

CONCLUSION

IL-10 polymorphisms play a role in cervical cancer development and that GTC haplotype, which is closely related to its serum concentration, maybe a useful biomarker for HPV-mediated cervical cancer.

Contribution of NKX2-3 polymorphisms to inflammatory bowel diseases: a meta-analysis of 35358 subjects

Polymorphisms in NKX2-3 gene have been inconsistently associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). To generate large-scale evidence on whether NKX2-3 polymorphisms are associated with CD or UC susceptibility we have conducted a meta-analysis of 17 studies involving 17329 patients and 18029 controls. A significantly increased CD or UC risk was observed in persons carrying a G allele at rs10883365 polymorphism (A/G) compared with those with a A allele. (OR = 1.226, 95%CI: 1.177–1.277 and OR = 1.274, 95%CI: 1.175–1.382 respectively). In the subgroup analysis, a significantly increased CD risk was found in both Europeans and Asians. For rs11190140 polymorphism (C/T) and CD risk, the risk estimate for the allele contrast was OR = 1.201 (1.136–1.269). This meta-analysis provided a robust result that persons with a G or T allele may have a moderately increased risk of CD, and suggested that rs10883365 polymorphism was also a candidate gene polymorphism for UC susceptibility.