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The bovine dialysable leukocyte extract IMMUNEPOTENT CRP induces immunogenic cell death in breast cancer cells leading to long-term antitumour memory. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1398-1410. [PMID: 33531687 PMCID: PMC8039030 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer recurrence is a serious problem in breast cancer (BC) patients, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been proposed as a strategy to overcome this recurrence. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP (ICRP) acts as an immunomodulator and can be cytotoxic to cancer cells. Thus, we evaluated if ICRP induces ICD in BC cells. Methods Immunogenicity of ICRP-induced cell death was evaluated in vitro, analysing the principal biochemical characteristics of ICD in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. Ex vivo, we assessed the ability of killed cancer cells (KCC) obtained from ICRP-treated 4T1 cells (ICRP-KCC) to induce DC maturation, T-cell priming and T-cell-mediated cancer cytotoxicity. In vivo, we evaluated tumour establishment and antitumour immune memory after prophylactic ICRP-KCC vaccination in BALB/c mice. Results ICRP induced caspase-independent, ROS-dependent cell death, autophagosome formation, P-eIF2α, chaperone protein exposure, CD47 loss, ATP and HMBG1 release in BC cells. Additionally, ICRP-KCC promoted DC maturation, which triggered T-cell priming and cancer cytotoxicity. Prophylactic vaccination with ICRP-KCC prevented tumour establishment and induced long-term antitumour memory in BALB/c mice, involving DC maturation in lymph nodes, CD8+ T-cell augmentation in lymph nodes, peripheral blood and tumour site and ex vivo tumour-specific cytotoxicity by splenocytes. Conclusions ICRP induces ICD in BC cells, leading to long-term antitumour memory.
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Martínez-Torres AC, Reyes-Ruiz A, Calvillo-Rodriguez KM, Alvarez-Valadez KM, Uscanga-Palomeque AC, Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodríguez-Padilla C. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP induces DAMPS release and ROS-dependent autophagosome formation in HeLa and MCF-7 cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:647. [PMID: 32660440 PMCID: PMC7359018 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IMMUNEPOTENT CRP (ICRP) can be cytotoxic to cancer cell lines. However, its widespread use in cancer patients has been limited by the absence of conclusive data on the molecular mechanism of its action. Here, we evaluated the mechanism of cell death induced by ICRP in HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Methods Cell death, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production were evaluated in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines after ICRP treatment. Caspase-dependence and ROS-dependence were evaluated using QVD.oph and NAC pre-treatment in cell death analysis. DAMPs release, ER stress (eIF2-α phosphorylation) and autophagosome formation were analyzed as well. Additionally, the role of autophagosomes in cell death induced by ICRP was evaluated using SP-1 pre-treatment in cell death in HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Results ICRP induces cell death, reaching CC50 at 1.25 U/mL and 1.5 U/mL in HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS production and cell cycle arrest were observed after ICRP CC50 treatment in both cell lines, inducing the same mechanism, a type of cell death independent of caspases, relying on ROS production. Additionally, ICRP-induced cell death involves features of immunogenic cell death such as P-eIF2α and CRT exposure, as well as, ATP and HMGB1 release. Furthermore, ICRP induces ROS-dependent autophagosome formation that acts as a pro-survival mechanism. Conclusions ICRP induces a non-apoptotic cell death that requires an oxidative stress to take place, involving mitochondrial damage, ROS-dependent autophagosome formation, ER stress and DAMPs’ release. These data indicate that ICRP could work together with classic apoptotic inductors to attack cancer cells from different mechanisms, and that ICRP-induced cell death might activate an immune response against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Martínez-Torres
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Reyes-Ruiz
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Kenny Misael Calvillo-Rodriguez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Karla Maria Alvarez-Valadez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Ashanti C Uscanga-Palomeque
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Reyes S Tamez-Guerra
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Longeveden, SA de CV, Monterrey, Mexico
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Martinez-Torres AC, Gomez-Morales L, Martinez-Loria AB, Uscanga-Palomeque AC, Vazquez-Guillen JM, Rodriguez-Padilla C. Cytotoxic activity of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP against non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7759. [PMID: 31579619 PMCID: PMC6768219 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IMMUNEPOTENT-CRP® (I-CRP) is a bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract containing transfer factor. It is a cost-effective, unspecific active immunotherapy that has been used in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as an adjuvant to reduce the side-effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and has shown cytotoxic activity in vitro on different cancer cell lines. However, its mechanism of action against lung cancer cells has not been assessed. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the cytotoxic mechanism of I-CRP on lung cancer cell lines. METHODS We assessed cell viability through MTT assay on the NSCLC cell lines A549, A427, Calu-1, and INER-51 after treatment with I-CRP. To further understand the mechanisms of cell viability diminution we used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to evaluate cell death (annexin-V and propidium iodide [PI] staining), cell cycle and DNA degradation (PI staining), mitochondrial alterations (TMRE staining), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (DCFDA staining). Additionally, we evaluated caspase and ROS dependence of cell death by pretreating the cells with the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), respectively. RESULTS Our data shows that I-CRP is cytotoxic to NSCLC cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner, without substantial differences between the four cell lines tested (A549, A427, Calu-1, and INER-51). Cytotoxicity is induced through regulated cell death and cell cycle arrest induction. I-CRP-induced cell death in NSCLC cell lines is characterized by DNA degradation, mitochondrial damage, and ROS production. Moreover, cell death is independent of caspases but relies on ROS production, as it is abrogated with NAC. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results improve the knowledge about the cytotoxic activity of I-CRP on NSCLC cells, indicating that cell death, cell cycle arrest, DNA degradation and mitochondrial damage are important features, while ROS play the main role for I-CRP mediated cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Martinez-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Luis Gomez-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alan B. Martinez-Loria
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ashanti Concepcion Uscanga-Palomeque
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jose Manuel Vazquez-Guillen
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Padilla
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Hernández-Esquivel MA, Pérez-Torres A, Romero-Romero L, Reyes-Matute A, Loaiza B, Mellado-Sánchez G, Pavón L, Medina-Rivero E, Pestell RG, Pérez-Tapia SM, Velasco-Velázquez MA. The dialyzable leukocyte extract TransferonTM inhibits tumor growth and brain metastasis in a murine model of prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:938-944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Franco-Molina MA, Santana-Krímskaya SE, Coronado-Cerda EE, Hernández-Luna CE, Zarate-Triviño DG, Zapata-Benavides P, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Rodríguez-Salazar MC, Tamez-Guerra R, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Increase of the antitumour efficacy of the biocompound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP by enzymatic treatment. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1460622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moises A. Franco-Molina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
| | - Silvia E. Santana-Krímskaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
| | - Erika E. Coronado-Cerda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo Hernández-Luna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
| | - Diana G. Zarate-Triviño
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
| | - Edgar Mendoza-Gamboa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
| | - María C. Rodríguez-Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
| | - Reyes Tamez-Guerra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico
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Martínez-Torres AC, Reyes-Ruiz A, Benítez-Londoño M, Franco-Molina MA, Rodríguez-Padilla C. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP induces cell cycle arrest and caspase-independent regulated cell death in HeLa cells through reactive oxygen species production. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29298674 PMCID: PMC5753472 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulated cell death (RCD) is a mechanism by which the cell activates its own machinery to self-destruct. RCD is important for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and its deregulation is involved in diseases such as cervical cancer. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP (I-CRP) is a dialyzable bovine leukocyte extract that contains transfer factors and acts as an immunomodulator, and can be cytotoxic to cancer cell lines and reduce tumor burden in vivo. Although I-CRP has shown to improve or modulate immune response in inflammation, infectious diseases and cancer, its widespread use has been limited by the absence of conclusive data on the molecular mechanism of its action. METHODS In this study we analyzed the mechanism by which I-CRP induces cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. We assessed cell viability, cell death, cell cycle, nuclear morphology and DNA integrity, caspase dependence and activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species production. RESULTS I-CRP diminishes cell viability in HeLa cells through a RCD pathway and induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. We show that the I-CRP induces caspase activation but cell death induction is independent of caspases, as observed by the use of a pan-caspase inhibitor, which blocked caspase activity but not cell death. Moreover, we show that I-CRP induces DNA alterations, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and production of reactive-oxygen species. Finally, pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, prevented both ROS generation and cell death induced by I-CRP. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that I-CRP treatment induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, mitochondrial damage, and ROS-mediated caspase-independent cell death in HeLa cells. This work opens the way to the elucidation of a more detailed cell death pathway that could potentially work in conjunction with caspase-dependent cell death induced by classical chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Martínez-Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Reyes-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Milena Benítez-Londoño
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Moises Armides Franco-Molina
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, 66455 Monterrey, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Salazar MDC, Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Martínez-Torres AC, Zapata-Benavides P, López-González JS, Coronado-Cerda EE, Alcocer-González JM, Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodríguez-Padilla C. The novel immunomodulator IMMUNEPOTENT CRP combined with chemotherapy agent increased the rate of immunogenic cell death and prevented melanoma growth. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:844-852. [PMID: 28693241 PMCID: PMC5494674 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death is a cell death modality that stimulates the immune system to combat cancer cells. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP (ICRP) is a mixture of substances of low molecular weight obtained from bovine spleens that exhibits in vitro cytotoxic activity on different tumor cell lines and modulates the immune response in vivo. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the cytotoxic effect of ICRP and its combination with oxaliplatin (OXP) on murine melanoma B16F10 cells was due to immunogenic cell death. The cytotoxic assay was performed using flow cytometry to detect Annexin V and propidium iodide staining, and calreticulin (CRT) exposure. Adenosine triphosphate, heat shock protein (HSP) 70, HSP90 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release were identified using bioluminescence, western blot and ELISA assays, respectively. The present in vitro study demonstrated that treatments with ICRP or OXP induced cell death in a time-dependent manner, but treatment with the combination of ICRP + OXP increased the cytotoxic effect following 24 h of treatment. CRT exposure and release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), HSP70, HSP90 and HMGB1 were induced by treatment with ICRP, and the combination of ICRP + OXP increased the exposure and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), while OXP treatment only induced CRT exposure, ATP and HMGB1 release. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that administration of tumor-derived DAMP-rich cell lysates derived from B16F10 cells treated with ICRP and the combination of ICRP + OXP prevented melanoma growth; however, OXP treatment did not. These results suggested that IMMUNEPOTENT CRP may be used as an agent to increase the ability of antitumor drugs to induce immunogenic cell death and prevent the growth of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Carmen Rodríguez-Salazar
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Moises Armides Franco-Molina
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Edgar Mendoza-Gamboa
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Ana Carolina Martínez-Torres
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Jose Sullivan López-González
- Lung Cancer Laboratory, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Erika Evangelina Coronado-Cerda
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Alcocer-González
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Reyes Silvestre Tamez-Guerra
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
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Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Coronado-Cerda EE, Zarate-Triviño D, Arizpe-Coronado JE, Zapata-Benavides P, Ramos Zayas Y, Tamez-Guerra R, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of biocompound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP in the third-molar extraction. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1249408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moises A. Franco-Molina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Edgar Mendoza-Gamboa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Erika E. Coronado-Cerda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Diana Zarate-Triviño
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Juan E. Arizpe-Coronado
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Yareellys Ramos Zayas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Reyes Tamez-Guerra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
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Sierra-Rivera CA, Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Zapata-Benavides P, Santaolalla-Tapia J, Coronado-Cerda EE, Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Effect of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract on induction of cell differentiation and death in K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4449-4460. [PMID: 28101208 PMCID: PMC5228060 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation induction therapy is an attractive approach in leukemia treatment due to the fact that in blast crisis stage, leukemic cells lose their differentiation capacity. Therefore, it has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to induce terminal differentiation of leukemic blast cells into a specific lineage, leading to prevention of high proliferation rates. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the potential of cell differentiation and death induced by bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) in the K562 cell line. For this purpose K562 and MOLT-3 human leukemic cell lines and primary human monocytes and murine peritoneal macrophages were exposed to bDLE, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and dimethyl sulfoxide for 96 h, and the viability, proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated. To determine the lineage that led to cell differentiation, Romanowsky staining was performed to observe the morphological changes following the treatments, and the expression of the surface markers cluster of differentiation (CD)14+, CD68+, CD163+ and CD42a+, as well as the phagocytic activity, and the production of nitric oxide (NO) (assessed by colorimetric assay), cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α] and chemokines [chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2, CCL5 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8] in cell supernatants was assessed by flow cytometry. The results of the present study reveal that high doses of bDLE increase the cell death in K562 and MOLT-3 lines, without affecting the viability of human monocytes and murine peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, low doses of bDLE induce differentiation in K562 cells towards a monocyte/macrophage lineage with an M2 phenotype, and induced moderately upregulated expression of CD42+, a megakaryocytic marker. Cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases was observed in bDLE-treated K562 cells, which demonstrated similar phagocytic activity, NO levels and cytokine and chemokine production to that of PMA-treated cells. The present study demonstrates that bDLE exhibits an antileukemia effect, suggesting that it may be an effective candidate for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystel A Sierra-Rivera
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, Mexico
| | - Moisés A Franco-Molina
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, Mexico
| | - Edgar Mendoza-Gamboa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, Mexico
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, Mexico
| | - Jesús Santaolalla-Tapia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Autonomous of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62350, Mexico
| | - Erika E Coronado-Cerda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, Mexico
| | - Reyes S Tamez-Guerra
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, Mexico
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Mujahid M, Trendafilova N, Arfa-Kia AF, Rosair G, Kavanagh K, Devereux M, Walsh M, McClean S, Creaven BS, Georgieva I. Novel silver(I) complexes of coumarin oxyacetate ligands and their phenanthroline adducts: Biological activity, structural and spectroscopic characterisation. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:53-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mujahid M, Kia AFA, Duff B, Egan DA, Devereux M, McClean S, Walsh M, Trendafilova N, Georgieva I, Creaven BS. Spectroscopic studies, DFT calculations, and cytotoxic activity of novel silver(I) complexes of hydroxy ortho-substituted-nitro-2H-chromen-2-one ligands and a phenanthroline adduct. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sasaki T, Motoyama S, Sato Y, Yoshino K, Matsumoto G, Minamiya Y, Saito H, Murata K, Ogawa JI. C-reactive protein inhibits lymphangiogenesis and resultant lymph node metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma in mice. Surgery 2013; 154:1087-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Medina-Rivero E, Merchand-Reyes G, Pavón L, Vázquez-Leyva S, Pérez-Sánchez G, Salinas-Jazmín N, Estrada-Parra S, Velasco-Velázquez M, Pérez-Tapia SM. Batch-to-batch reproducibility of Transferon™. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 88:289-94. [PMID: 24099727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLEs) are heterogeneous mixtures of low-molecular-weight peptides that modulate immune responses in various diseases. Due their complexity, standardized methods to identify their physicochemical properties and determine that production batches are biologically active must be established. We aimed to develop and validate a size exclusion ultra performance chromatographic (SE-UPLC) method to characterize Transferon™, a DLE that is produced under good manufacturing practices (GMPs). We analyzed an internal human DLE standard and 10 representative batches of Transferon™, all of which had a chromatographic profile characterized by 8 main peaks and a molecular weight range between 17.0 and 0.2kDa. There was high homogeneity between batches with regard to retention times and area percentages, varying by less than 0.2% and 30%, respectively, and the control chart was within 3 standard deviations. To analyze the biological activity of the batches, we studied the ability of Transferon™ to stimulate IFN-γ production in vitro. Transferon™ consistently induced IFN-γ production in Jurkat cells, demonstrating that this method can be included as a quality control step in releasing Transferon™ batches. Because all analyzed batches complied with the quality attributes that were evaluated, we conclude that the DLE Transferon™ is produced with high homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Medina-Rivero
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., Mexico
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