1
|
Khoddami A, Messina V, Vadabalija Venkata K, Farahnaky A, Blanchard CL, Roberts TH. Sorghum in foods: Functionality and potential in innovative products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1170-1186. [PMID: 34357823 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1960793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum grain is a staple food for about 500 million people in 30 countries in Africa and Asia. Despite this contribution to global food production, most of the world's sorghum grain, and nearly all in Western countries, is used as animal feed. A combination of the increasingly important ability of sorghum crops to resist heat and drought, the limited history of the use of sorghum in Western foods, and the excellent functional properties of sorghum grain in healthy diets, suggests a greater focus on the development of new sorghum-based foods. An understanding of the structural and functional properties of sorghum grain to develop processes for production of new sorghum-based foods is required. In this review, we discuss the potential of sorghum in new food products, including sorghum grain composition, the functional properties of sorghum in foods, processing of sorghum-based products, the digestibility of sorghum protein and starch compared to other grains, and the health benefits of sorghum. In the potential for sorghum as a major ingredient in new foods, we suggest that the gluten-free status of sorghum is of relatively minor importance compared to the functionality of the slowly digested starch and the health benefits of the phenolic compounds present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khoddami
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valeria Messina
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Asgar Farahnaky
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas H Roberts
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khoddami A, Mohammadrezaei M, Roberts TH. Effects of Sorghum Malting on Colour, Major Classes of Phenolics and Individual Anthocyanins. Molecules 2017; 22:E1713. [PMID: 29023401 PMCID: PMC6151653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain contains many health-promoting phytochemicals, including a broad range of phenolic compounds. Malting of cereal grains is known to increase the bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients. However, the detailed effects of malting on sorghum grain anthocyanins, a major class of phenolics that influence the taste and colour of sorghum-based foods, requires further investigation. Eight commercial sorghum hybrids harvested from three regions in eastern Australia were malted and analysed for colour, tannin content, total phenolic content (TPC), flavan-4-ols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and 3-deoxyanthocyanins. Grains of all the sorghums were found to be tannin-free. Malting decreased the TPC of all samples. For TPC, the grand means among all the sorghum cultivars for raw and malted grain were 2.77 and 2.48 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, respectively. For flavan-4-ols, the grand means for raw and malted sorghum grains were 2.98 and 2.23 abs/mL/g, respectively. Remarkably, total anthocyanin levels more than doubled upon malting whereas total flavonoid levels decreased by 12%. The average abundance of 3-deoxyanthocyanins in raw sorghum grains increased for about 8-fold upon malting. Our results will be valuable for sorghum breeders in the selection of lines for specific end uses and for food scientists developing sorghum-based products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khoddami
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Mohammadrezaei
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-158, Iran.
| | - Thomas H Roberts
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park JH, Darvin P, Lim EJ, Joung YH, Hong DY, Park EU, Park SH, Choi SK, Moon ES, Cho BW, Park KD, Lee HK, Kim MJ, Park DS, Chung IM, Yang YM. Hwanggeumchal sorghum induces cell cycle arrest, and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis through Jak2/STAT pathways in breast cancer xenografts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40531. [PMID: 22792362 PMCID: PMC3391253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the highly virulent diseases known to humankind with a high mortality rate. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Sorghum is a principal cereal food in many parts of the world, and is critical in folk medicine of Asia and Africa. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of HSE in metastatic breast cancer. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Preliminary studies conducted on MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 xenograft models showed tumor growth suppression by HSE. Western blotting studies conducted both in vivo and in vitro to check the effect of HSE in Jak/STAT pathways. Anti-metastatic effects of HSE were confirmed using both MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 metastatic animal models. These studies showed that HSE can modulate Jak/STAT pathways, and it hindered the STAT5b/IGF-1R and STAT3/VEGF pathways not only by down-regulating the expression of these signal molecules and but also by preventing their phosphorylation. The expression of angiogenic factors like VEGF, VEGF-R2 and cell cycle regulators like cyclin D, cyclin E, and pRb were found down-regulated by HSE. In addition, it also targets Brk, p53, and HIF-1α for anti-cancer effects. HSE induced G1 phase arrest and migration inhibition in MDA-MB 231 cells. The metastasis of breast cancer to the lungs also found blocked by HSE in the metastatic animal model. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Usage of HS as a dietary supplement is an inexpensive natural cancer therapy, without any side effects. We strongly recommend the use of HS as an edible therapeutic agent as it possesses tumor suppression, migration inhibition, and anti-metastatic effects on breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University Glocal Campus, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University Glocal Campus, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Joung Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University Glocal Campus, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youn Hee Joung
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University Glocal Campus, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui U. Park
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Keun Choi
- Department of Culinary and Service Management, College of Hotel & Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eon-Soo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University Glocal Campus, Chung-Ju, South Korea
| | - Byung Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Kyung Do Park
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Hak Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Myong-Jo Kim
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Park
- Functional Food and Nutrition, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University Glocal Campus, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moon HI, Kim KS, Lee YC, Lee JH. Isolated compounds from black bean inhibit the classical pathway of the complement. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011:1-4. [PMID: 22121891 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.631927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the anticomplement effects from isolated compounds of black bean in classical pathway complement system. Using column chromatograph, four compounds kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), kaempferol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1-2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]olean-12-en-3β,22β,24-triol (3) and 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1-2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1-2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]olean-12-en-3β,22β,24-triol (4) were isolated and evaluated for in vitro anticomplement activity. 3 showed inhibitory activity against complement system with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) values of 98.2 μg/ml. This is the first report of anticomplement activity of isolated compounds from black bean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-In Moon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University , Busan , South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|